
THE FAERIE QUEEN
PENGUIN ENGLISH POETS
GENERAL EDITOR: CHRISTOPHER RICKS
EDMUND SPENSER was born in London, probably in 1552, and was educated at the Merchant Taylor’s School from which he proceeded to Pembroke College, Cambridge. There he met Gabriel Harvey, scholar and University Orator, who exerted an influence on his first important poem, The Shepheardes Calender (1579). On receiving the MA degree in 1576 he became secretary to John Young, Bishop of Rochester, formerly Master of Pembroke. He may also have served briefly in the household of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, where we assume he met the Earl’s nephew, Sir Philip Sidney, to whom he dedicated The Shepheardes Calender. In 1580 he went to Ireland as secretary to Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Deputy of Ireland, and stayed there most of his remaining life. While at Kilcolman, his estate in County Cork, Spenser met or reacquainted himself with his neighbour, Sir Walter Ralegh, who in 1589 brought him to London to present three books of The Faerie Queen (1590) to its dedicatee, Queen Elizabeth, who rewarded him with a pension of fifty pounds a year. After his return to Ireland in 1591, his two volumes Complaints and Daphnaida were published in London.. His marriage to Elizabeth Boyle was celebrated in his sonnet sequence Amoretti and Epithalamion (1595), and in the same year his pastoral eclogue, Colin Clouts Come Home Again also appeared. In 1596 he brought out the second three books of The Faerie Queen as well as his Fowre Hymnes and Prothalamion. In 1598 his estate was burned during the Tyrone rebellion, and he fled to Cork and thence to London where he died in 1599. He was buried in Westminster Abbey and his fame, denied him in life, has endured. In 1609 a folio edition of The Faerie Queen appeared, including for the first time The Mutabilitie Cantos, and in 1611 a folio of the complete poetical works. His fame endures to this day as the great precursor of Milton.
THOMAS P. ROCHE, Jr, Murray Professor of English at Princeton University, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1931 and was educated at Yale, Cambridge and Princeton and has taught at Princeton since 1960. He is the author of The Kindly Flame: A Study of the Third and Fourth Books of the Faerie Queen (1964) and Petrarch and the English Sonnet Sequences (1989). He has edited the essays of Rosemond Tuve and is co-editor with Anne Lake Prescott and “William Oram of Spenser Studies: A Renaissance Poetry Annual. He has also published on Sidney, Shakespeare, Petrarch, Ariosto and Tasso. He is currently at work on the iconography of the muses from Hesiod to Milton.
EDMUND SPENSER

THE FAERIE QUEENE
EDITED BY THOMAS P. ROCHE, JR
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
C. PATRICK O’DONNELL, JR
PENGUIN BOOKS
PENGUIN BOOKS
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The Faerie Queene, I–III, first published 1590
The Faerie Queene, IV–VI, first published 1596
The Faerie Queene, VII, 6–8 first published 1609
This edition first published in Penguin Books 1978
Reprinted in Penguin Classics 1987
31
Editorial matter copyright © Thomas P. Roche, Jr., 1978
All rights reserved
Except in the United States of America, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser
9780141920405
CONTENTS
A NOTE ON THE TEXT
TABLE OF DATES
FURTHER READING
A LETTER OF THE AUTHORS
COMMENDATORY VERSES
DEDICATORY SONNETS
THE FAERIE QUEENS
BOOK I
BOOK II
BOOK III
BOOK IV
BOOK V
BOOK VI
TWO CANTOS OF MUTABILITIE
TEXTUAL APPENDIX
NOTES
COMMON WORDS
A NOTE ON THE TEXT
THE copy text is that of The Faerie Queene (1596) from the Huntington Library copy (56862).* The copy text of the ‘Mutabilitie Cantos’ is that of the folio of 1609, in which they first appeared (Ricketts-Osgood copy in Firestone Library of Princeton University). The texts of the Letter to Ralegh, the ‘Commendatory Verses’, the ‘Dedicatory Sonnets’ and the original ending of Book Three (III.12.43a–47a) are from the 1590 edition of the poem (Letter and ‘Commendatory Verses’ from the Sheldon-Osgood copy; ‘Dedicatory Sonnets’ and original ending of Book Three from the William Warren Carman copy in the Robert H. Taylor Collection, both copies in Firestone Library).
In dealing with the text the choices open to us ranged from complete modernization of spelling and punctuation to a simple reprinting of the 1596 text with the additions from 1590 and 1609 specified above. We have chosen to follow these texts as closely as possible in spelling and punctuation. We have retained u, v, and i where modern orthography would print v, u, and j respectively, but we have substituted the modem ifor the old for italic f, W for VV, and have expanded all contractions of norm represented by a tilde above the preceding vowel (e.g. from for frõ). It is our belief that the orthography and punctuation of Spenser’s poem are so integral to the meaning that we are not willing to submit them to the regularities of modern usage. We have extended this principle by retaining rhyme words that do not fit the rhyme scheme but make sense (II.2.7.7; 2.42.6; 3.28.7; 8.29.7; 12.54.7; III.6.40.6; 7.34.2; IV.7.32.7; 11.17.6;V. Proem. 11.2; 11.61.7; VI.2.3.3; 12.41.3). In three instances we have emended (II.9.9.1; VI.8.47.3; 10.32.6). We have also retained the eight-line stanzas of 1.10.20 and III.6.45. All these readings are cited in the explanatory notes with suggested readings of other editions.
Nevertheless, in such a long poem, printed in so many editions, we have found it necessary to make some changes in the text. We have made all the corrections directed by the erratum page of the 1590 edition, ‘Faults Escaped’. We have made editorial conjectures in the case of manifest errors (VL3.28.6: soft footing for softing foot) and narrative errors (IV.4.2.4: Blandamour for Scudamour, who does not appear in the canto). We have occasionally chosen readings from die 1590 or 1609 texts when the 1596 reading did not seem suitable. All these changes are noted in the textual appendix that follows on p. 1057.
The composite text we present will necessarily be disappointing in some readings to some readers. These textual notes are intended not as a definitive solution to the problems of Spenser’s text but a factual declaration of the sources of our differences from the copy texts. If we had a clearer knowledge of Spenser’s manuscripts or of who was re sponsible for the ‘Faults Escaped’ or of who edited the 1609 and 1611 editions, we might be in a better position to justify our dependence on one text rather than another. However, in the present situation, in which such decisions cannot be made with any certainty, we have thought it best to make a composite text, giving priority to the 1596 copy text, in full awareness of the fact that reliance on one copy of a text is insufficient proof. Our only justification is that we wanted to make available a complete text of the poem with sufficient annotation to help the modern reader.
No note on the text or any part of this edition would be complete without mentioning some of our debts of gratitude. For supporting grants our gratitude to the Committee on Research of Princeton University; its help made possible the assistance of Douglas Rees in the early stages of the edition and for the past three summers the unrelenting alertness of Steven Westergan, who suffered through the interminable trial of getting things straight, summer after summer after summer, with cheerful fortitude and critical acumen. My wife, Lyn Vamvakis Roche, has counselled often with rigorous insistence; her knowledge of literature and language has kept us from fatuities, grammatical lapses and errors too embarrassing to enumerate. To say more would be a further embarrassment to me and a diminishing of her real and un acknowledged contribution to this edition.
TABLE OF DATES
| 1474 |
Birth of Ariosto |
| 1485 |
Accession of Henry VII, first ruler of the Tudor dynasty; Caxton’s edition of Malory’s Morte d’Arthur |
| 1492 |
Columbus’s discovery of the New World |
| 1509 |
Accession of Henry VIII |
| 1517 |
Luther’s Wittenberg Theses |
| 1520 |
Birth of William Cecil, later Lord Burleigh and principal adviser to Elizabeth I |
| 1532 |
Birth of Robert Dudley, later Earl of Leicester and Elizabeth’s favourite |
| Ariosto’s Orlando furioso (complete; partial editions in 1516 and 1521) |
| 1533 |
Death of Ariosto |
| 1534 |
Act of Supremacy, severing all ties between England and the Church of Rome |
| 1536 |
Calvin’s Institutio |
| 1544 |
Birth of Tasso |
| 1547 |
Death of Henry VIII; accession of Edward VI |
| 1552 |
Birth of Ralegh (?) |
| |
Birth of Spenser in London (?) |
| 1553 |
Death of Edward VI; accession of Mary I |
| 1554 |
Marriage of Mary to Philip of Spain Birth of Sidney |
| 1556 |
Accession of Philip II of Spain |
| 1558 |
Death of Mary; accession of Elizabeth I |
| 1561?-1569 |
Spenser attends Merchant Taylors’ School, London |
| 1567 |
Revolt of the Low Countries |
| 1569 |
Van der Noodt’s Theatre of Voluptuous Worldlings sonnets translated by Spenser |
| Spenser’s matriculation as a sizar at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge |
| 1572 |
St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in France |
| 1576 |
Spenser proceeds MA |
| 1578 |
Spenser secretary to John Young, Bishop of Rochester |
| 1579 |
Shepheardes Calender (later editions 1581, 1586, 1591, 1597) |
| 1580 |
Spenser’s residence in Ireland begins; secretary to Lord Grey de Wilton, Lord Deputy of Ireland |
|
Publication of Spenser-Harvey Letters Tasso’s Gerusalemme liberate under the title of Il Goffredo |
| 1585 |
Expedition to the Low Countries under Leicester |
| 1586 |
Trial of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots Death of Sidney |
| 1587 |
Execution of Mary Stuart |
| 1588 |
Defeat of the Armada Death of Leicester |
| 1589 |
Accession of Henri de Navarre as Henri IV of France Beginning of Spenser’s quarrel and litigation with Lord Roche (lasts until 1595) October: Spenser with Ralegh to England; in London in November |
| 1590 |
Faerie Queene, I-III |
| 1591 |
Complaints and Daphnaida |
| 1593 |
Henri IV is converted to Roman Catholicism |
| 1594 |
June 11: Spenser’s marriage to Elizabeth Boyle |
| 1595 |
Death of Tasso Colin Clouts Come Home Again Amoretti and Epithalamion |
| 1596 |
Faerie Queene, second printing of I-III, first printing of IV-VI Daphnaida, second edition (with Fowre Hymnes) Fowre Hymnes Prothalamion |
| 1598 |
Edict of Nantes Death of Philip II Death of Burleigh October: Tyrone’s rebellion breaks out in Munster; the ‘spoiling’ of Kilcolman; Spenser flees to Cork; loss of an infant |
| 1599 |
January 13: Death of Spenser in London Spenser’s burial in Westminster Abbey |
| 1609 |
Folio of Faerie Queene; first appearance of ‘Mutabilitie Cantos’ |
| 1611 |
First folio of Spenser’s Works |
| 1620 |
Erection of a monument to Spenser in Westminster Abbey by Anne Clifford, Countess of Dorset |
| 1679 |
Second folio of the Works |
FURTHER READING
Paul J. Alpers, The Poetry of The Faerie Queene, Princeton, 1967.
Paul J. Alpers, ed., Elizabethan Poetry: Modern Essays in Criticism, Oxford, 1967.
Paul J. Alpers, ed., Edmund Spenser: a Critical Anthology, Harmondsworth, 1969.
Jane Aptekar, Icons of Justice: Iconography and Thematic Imagery in Book V of The Faerie Queene, Columbia, 1969.
Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, trans. D. W. Robertson, jr, New York, 1958.
John B. Bender, Spenser and Literary Pictorialism, Princeton, 1972.
Josephine Waters Bennett, The Evolution of The Faerie Queene, Chicago, 1942.
Harry Berger, jr, The Allegorical Temper: Vision and Reality in Book II of Spenser’s Faerie Queene, New Haven, 1957.
Harry Berger, jr, ed., Spenser: a Collection of Critical Essays, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1968.
Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy, trans. Richard Green, New York, 1962.
Donald Cheney, Spenser’s Image of Nature: Wild Man and Shepherd in The Faerie Queene, New Haven, 1966.
Patrick Cullen, Infernal Triad: The World, the Flesh and the Devil in Spenser and Milton, Princeton, 1974.
R. M. Cummings, ed., Spenser: the Critical Heritage, London, 1971.
T. K. Dunseath, Spenser’s Allegory of Justice in Book Five of The Faerie Queene, Princeton, 1968.
Robert M. Durling, The Figure of the Poet in Renaissance Epic, Cambridge, Mass., 1965.
John R. Elliott, jr, ed., The Prince of Poets: Essays on Edmund Spenser, New York, 1968.
Robert Ellrodt, Neoplatonism in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser, Geneva, 1960.
Maurice Evans, Spenser’s Anatomy of Heroism: a Commentary on The Faerie Queene, Cambridge, 1970.
Angus Fletcher, Allegory: The Theory of a Symbolic Mode, Ithaca, 1964.
Angus Fletcher, The Prophetic Moment: an Essay on Spenser, Chicago, 1971.
Alastair Fowler, Spenser and the Numbers of Time, London, 1964.
Alastair Fowler, Triumphal Forms: Structural Patterns in Elizabethan Poetry, Cambridge, 1970.
Alascair Fowler, ed., Silent Poetry: Essays in numerological analysis, London, 1970.
Rosemary Freeman, The Faerie Queene: A Companion for Readers, Berkeley, 1970.
A. Bartlett Giamatti, The Earthly Paradise and the Renaissance Epic, Princeton, 1966.
A. Bartlett Giamatti, Play of Double Senses: Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1975.
E. H. Gombrich, Symbolic Images: Studies in the Art of the Renaissance, London, 1972.
Thomas M. Greene, The Descent from Heaven: a Study in Epic Continuity, New Haven, 1963.
A. C. Hamilton, The Structure of Allegory in The Faerie Queene, Oxford, 1961.
A. C. Hamilton, ed., Essential Articles for the Study of Edmund Spenser, Hamden, Connecticut, 1972.
John Erskine Hankins, Source and Meaning in Spenser’s Allegory: A Study of The Faerie Queene, Oxford, 1971.
S. K. Heninger, jr, Touches of Sweet Harmony: Pythagorean Cosmology and Renaissance Poetics, San Marino, Cal., 1974.
A. Kent Hieatt, Chaucer Spenser Milton: Mythopoeic Continuities and Transformations, Montreal, 1975.
Graham Hough, A Preface to The Faerie Queene, London, 1962.
Judith M. Kennedy and James A. Reither, eds., A Theatre for Spenserians: Papers of the International Spenser Colloquium, Fredericton, New Brunswick, October 1969, Toronto, 1973.
C. S. Lewis, The Allegory of Love, London, 1936.
C. S. Lewis, The Discarded Image: an Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature, Cambridge, 1964.
C. S. Lewis, Spenser’s Images of Life, ed. Alastair Fowler, Cambridge, 1967.
Isabel G. Maccaffrey, Spenser’s Allegory: the Anatomy of Imagination, Princeton, 1976.
Waldo F. McNeir and Foster Provost, Edmund Spenser: an Annotated Bibliography, 1937-1972, Pittsburgh, 1976.
Michael Murrin, The Veil of Allegory, Chicago, 1967.
J. E. Neale, Queen Elizabeth I, Harmondsworth, 1960.
William Nelson, The Poetry of Edmund Spenser: a Study, Columbia, 1963.
William Nelson, ed., Form and Convention in the Poetry of Edmund Spenser: Selected Papers from the English Institute, Columbia, 1961.
James Nohrnberg, The Analogy of The Faerie Queene, Princeton, 1976.
Erwin Panofsky, Studies in Iconology: Humanistic Themes in the Art of the Renaissance, New York, 1962.
James Emerson Phillips, Images of a Queen: Mary Stuart in Sixteenth-Century Literature, Berkeley, 1964.
D. W. Robertson, jr, A Preface to Chaucer: Studies in Medieval Perspectives, Princeton, 1962.
Thomas P. Roche, jr, The Kindly Flame: A Study of the Third and Fourth Books of Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Princeton, 1964.
Naseeb Shaheen, Biblical References in The Faerie Queene, Memphis, 1977.
Charles G. Smith, Spenser’s Proverb Lore, Cambridge, Mass., 1970.
Herbert W. Sugden, The Grammar of Spenser’s Faerie Queene, Linguistic Society of America, 1936.
E. M. W. Tillyard, The Elizabethan World Picture, London, 1943.
Humphrey Tonkin, Spenser’s Courteous Pastoral: Book Six of the Faerie Queene, Oxford, 1972.
Rosemond Tuve, Allegorical Imagery: Some Mediaeval Books and Their Posterity, Princeton, 1966.
Rosemond Tuve, Seasons and Months: Studies in a Tradition of Middle English Poetry, Paris, 1933.
Rosemond Tuve, Essays by Rosemond Tuve: Spenser, Herbert, Milton, ed. Thomas P. Roche, jr, Princeton, 1970.
D. Douglas Waters, Duessa as Theological Satire, Columbia, Missouri, 1970.
William Wells, ed., Spenser Allusions in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Chapel Hill, 1972.
Arnold Williams, Flower on a Lowly Stalk: The Sixth Book of the Faerie Queene, Michigan State University Press, 1967.
Kathleen Williams, Spenser’s Faerie Queene: The World of Glass, London, 1966.
A LETTER OF THE AUTHORS EXPOUNDING HIS
WHOLE INTENTION IN THE COURSE OF THIS
WORKE: WHICH FOR THAT IT GIUETH GREAT
LIGHT TO THE READER, FOR THE BETTER
VNDERSTANDING IS HEREUNTO ANNEXED.
To the Right noble, and Valorous, Sir Walter Raleigh knight, Lo. Wardein of the Stanneryes, and her Maiesties liefetenaunt of the County of Cornewayll.
Sir knowing how doubtfully all Allegories may be construed, and this booke of mine, which I haue entituled the Faery Queene, being a continued Allegory, or darke conceit, I haue thought good aswell for auoyding of gealous opinions and misconstructions, as also for your better light in reading therof, (being so by you commanded,) to discouer vnto you the general intention & meaning, which in the whole course thereof I haue fashioned, without expressing of any particular purposes or by accidents therein occasioned. The generall end there fore of all the booke is to fashion a gentleman or noble person in vertuous and gentle discipline: Which for that I conceiued shoulde be most plausible and pleasing, being coloured with an historicall fiction, the which the most part of men delight to read, rather for variety of matter, then for profite of the ensample: I chose the historye of king Arthure, as most fitte for the excellency of his person, being made famous by many mens former workes, and also farthest from the daunger of enuy, and suspition of present time. In which I haue followed all the antique Poets historicall, first Homere, who in the Persons of Agamemnon and Vlysses hath ensampled a good gouernour and a vertuous man, the one in his Ilias, the other in his Odysseis: then Virgil, whose like intention was to doe in the person of Aeneas: after him Ariosto comprised them both in his Orlando: and lately Tasso disseuered them againe, and formed both parts in two persons, namely that part which they in Philosophy call Ethice, or vertues of a priuate man, coloured in his Rinaldo: The other named Politice in his Godfredo. By ensample of which excellente Poets, I labour to pourtraict in Arthure, before he was king, the image of a braue knight, perfected in the twelue priuate morall vertues, as Aristotle hath deuised, the which is the purpose of these first twelue bookes: which if I finde to be well accepted, I may be perhaps encoraged, to frame the other part of polliticke vertues in his person, after that hee came to be king. To some I know this Methode will seeme displeasaunt, which had rather ham good discipline deliuered plainly in way of precepts, or sermoned at large, as they vse, then thus clowdily enwrapped in Allegoricall deuises. But such, me seeme, should be satisfide with the vse of these dayes seeing all things accounted by their showes, and nothing esteemed of, that is not delightfull and pleasing to commune sence. For this cause is Xenophon preferred be fore Plato, for that the one in the exquisite depth of his iudgement, formed a Commune welth such as it should be, but the other in the person of Cyrus and the Persians fashioned a gouernement such as might best be: So much more profitable and gratious is doctrine by ensample, then by rule. So haue I laboured to doe in the person of Arthure: whome I conceiue after his long education by Timon, to whom he was by Merlin deliuered to be brought vp, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne, to haue seem in a dream or vision the Faery Queen, with whose excellent beauty rauished, he awaking resolued to seeke her out, and so being by Merlin armed, and by Timon throughly instructed, he went to seeke her forth in Faerye land. In that Faery Queene I meaneglory in my generall intention, but in my particular I conceiue the most excellent and glorious person of our soueraine the Queene, and her kingdome in Faery land. And yet in some places els, I doe otherwise shadow her. For considering she beareth two persons, the one of a most royall Queene or Empresse, the other of a most vertuous and beautifall Lady, this latter part in some places I doe expresse in Belphœbe, fashioning her name according to your owne excellent conceipt of Cynthia, (Phoebe and Cynthia being both names of Diana.) So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in particular, which vertue for that (according to Aristotle and the rest) it is the perfection of all the rest, and conteineth in it them all, therefore in the whole course I mention the deedes of Arthure apply able to that vertue, which I write of in that booke. But of the xii. other vertues, I make xii. other knights the patrones, for the more variety of the history: Of which these three bookes contayn three. The first of the knight of die Redcrosse, in whome I expresse Holynes: The seconde of Sir Guyon, in in whome I sette forth Temperaunce: The third of Britomartis a Lady knight, in whome I picture Chastity. But because the beginning of the whole worke seemeth abrupte and as depending vpon other antecedents, it needs that ye know the occasion of these three knights seuerall aduentures. For the Methode of a Poet historical is not such, as of an Historiographer. For an Historiographer discourseth of affayres orderly as they were donne, accounting as well the times as the actions, but a Poet thrusteth into the middest, euen where it most concemeih him, and there recoursing to the thinges forepaste, and diuining of thinges to come, maketh a pleasing Analysis of all. The beginning therefore of my history, if it were to be told by an Historiographer should be the twelfth books, which is the last, where I deuise that the Faery Queene kept her Annuall feaste xii. dayes, vppon which xii. seuerall dayes, the occasions of the xii. seuerall aduentures hapned, which being undertaken by xii. seuerall knights, are in these xii books seuerall handled and discoursed. The first was this. In the beginning of the feast, there presented him selfe a tall clownishe younge man, who falling before the Queen of Faries desired a boone (as the manner then was) which during that feast she might not refuse: which was that hee might haue the atchieuement of any aduenture, which during that feaste should happen, that being graunted, he rested him on the floore, vnfitte through his rusticity for a better place. Soone after entred a faire Ladye in mourning weedes, riding on a white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand. Shee falling before the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother an ancient King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many years shut vp in a brasen Castle, who thence suffred them not to yssew: and therefore besought the Faery Queene to assygne her some one of her knights to take on him that exployt. Presently that clownish person vpstarting, desired that aduenture: whereat the Queene much wondering, and the Lady much gainesaying, yet he earnestly importuned his desire. In the end the Lady told him that vnlesse that armour which she brought, would seme him (that is the armour of a Christian man specified by Saint Paul v. Ephes.) that he could not succeed in that enterprise, which being forthwith put upon him with dewe furnitures thereunto, he seemed the goodliest man in al that company, and was well liked of the Lady. And eftesoones taking on him knighthood, and mounting on that straunge Courser, he went forth with her on that aduenture: where beginneth the first booke, vz.
A gentle knight was pricking on the playne. &c.
The second day ther came in a Palmer bearing an Infant with bloody hands, whose Parents he complained to haue bene slayn by an Enchaunteresse called Acrasia: and therfore craned of the Faery Queene, to appoint him some knight, to performe that aduenture, which being assigned to Sir Guyon, he presently went forth with that same Palmer: which is the beginning of the second booke and the whole subiect thereof. The third day there came in, a Groome who complained before the Faery Queene, that a vile Enchaunter called Busirane had in hand a most faire Lady called Amoretta, whom he kept in most grieuous torment, because she would not yield him the pleasure her body. Whereupon Sir Scudamour the louer of that Lady presently tooke on him that aduenture. But being vnable to performe it by reason oj the hard Enchauntments, after long sorrow, in the end met with Britomartis, who succoured him, and reskewed his hue.
But by occasion hereof, many other aduentures are intermedled, but rather as Accidents, then intendments. As the hue oj Britomart, the ouer-throw of Marinell, the misery ojFlorimell, the vertuousnes oj Belphcebe, the lasciuiousnes of Hellenora, and many the like.
Thus much Sir, I haue briefly ouerronne to direct your vnderstanding to the wel-head of the History, that from thence gathering the whole intention of the conceit, ye may as in a handfull gripe al the discourse, which otherwise may happily seeme tedious and confused. So humbly crauing the continuaunce of your honorable fauour towards me, and th’eternall establishment of your happines, I humbly take leaue.
23. January. 1589.
Yours most humbly affectionate.
Ed. Spenser.
COMMENDATORY VERSES
A VISION VPON THIS CONCEIPT OF THE
FAERY QUEENE
Me thought I saw the graue, where Laura lay,
Within that Temple, where the vestall flame
Was wont to burne, and passing by that way,
To see that buried dust of liuing fame,
Whose tumbe faire loue, and fairer vertue kept,(5)
All suddeinly I saw the Faery Queene:
At whose approch the soule of Petrarke wept,
And from thenceforth those graces were not seene.
For they this Queene attended, in whose steed
Obliuion laid him downe on Lauras herse:(10)
Hereat the hardest stones were seene to bleed,
And grones of buried ghostes the heuens did perse.
Where Homers spright did tremble all for griefe.
And curst th’accesse of that celestiall theife.
ANOTHER OF THE SAME
The prayse of meaner wits this worke like profit brings,
As doth the Cuckoes song delight when Philumena sings.
If thou hast formed right true vertues face herein:
Vertue her selfe can best disceme, to whom they writen bin.
If thou hast beauty praysd, let her sole lookes diuine(5)
Iudge if ought therein be amis, and mend it by her eine.
If Chastitie want ought, or Temperaunce her dew,
Behold her Princely mind aright, and write thy Queene anew.
Meanewhile she shall perceiue, how far her vertues sore
Aboue the reach of all that Hue, or such as wrote of yore:(10)
And thereby will excuse and fauour thy good will:
Whose vertue can not be exprest, but by an Angels quill.
Of me no lines are loud, nor letters are of price,
Of all which speak our English tongue, but those of thy deuice.
W. R.
TO THE LEARNED SHEPEHEARD
Collyn I see by thy new taken taske,
some sacred Jury hath enricht thy braynes,
That leades thy muse in haughty verse to maske,
and loath the layes that longs to lowly swaynes.
That lifts thy notes from Shepheardes vnto hinges,(5)
So like the liuely Larke that mounting singes.
Thy louely Rosolinde semes now forlorne;
and all thy gentle flockes forgotten quight,
Thy chaunged hart now holdes thy pypes in same,
those prety pypes that did thy mates Might.(10)
Those trusty mates, that loued thee so well,
Whom thou gau’st mirth: as they gaue thee the bell.
Yet as thou earst with thy sweete roundelayes,
didst stirre to glee our laddes in homely bowers:
So moughtst thou now in these refyned layes,(15)
delight the daintie ernes of higher powers.
And so mought they in their deepe skanning skill
Alow and grace our Cottyns flowing quyll.
And fare befall that Faery Queene of thine,
in whose faire eyes hue linckt with vertue sittes:(20)
Enfusing by those bewties fyers deuyne,
such high conceites into dry humble wittes,
As raised hath poore pastors oaten reede,
From rustick tunes, to chaunt heroique deedes.
So mought thy Redcrosse knight with happy hand(25)
victorious be in that faire Ilands right:
Which thou dost vayle in Type of Faery land
Elyzas blessed field, that Albion hight.
That shieldes her friendes, and wanes her mightie foes,
Yet still with people, peace, and plentie flowes.(30)
But (iotty shepeheard) though with pleasing style,
thou feast the humour of the Courtly trayne:
Let not conceipt thy setled sence beguile,
ne daunted be through enuy or disdaine.
Subiect thy dome to her Empyring spright,(35)
From whence thy Muse, and all the world takes light,
Hobynoll.
Fayre Thamis streame, that from Ludds stately towne,
Runst paying tribute to the Ocean seas,
Let all thy Nymphes and Syrens of renowne
Be silent, whyle this Bryttane Orpheus playes:
Nere thy sweet bankes, there liues that sacred crowne,(5)
Whose hand strowes Palme and neuer-dying bayes,
Let all at once, with thy soft murmuring sowne
Present her with this worthy Poets prayes.
For he hath taught hye drifts in shepeherdes weedes,
And deepe conceites now singes in Faeries deedes.(10)
R. S.
Graue Muses march in triumph and with prayses,
Our Goddesse here hath giuen you leaue to land:
And biddes this rare dispenser of your graces
Bow downe his brow vnto her sacred hand.
Desertes findes dew in that most princely doome,(5)
In whose sweete brest are all the Muses bredde:
So did that great Augustus erst in Roome
With leaues of fame adorne his Poets hedde.
Faire be the guerdon of your Faery Queene,
Euen of the fairest that the world hath scene.(10)
H.B.
When stout Achilles heard of Helens rape
And what reuenge the States of Greece deuisd:
Thinking by sleight the fatall warres to scape,
In womans weedes him selfe he then disguisde:
But this deuise Vlysses soone did spy, 5
And brought him forth, the chaunce of warre to try.
When Spencer saw die same was spredd so large,
Through Faery land of their renowned Queene:
Loth that his Muse should take so great a charge,
As in such haughty matter to be seene,(10)
To seeme a shepeheard then he made his choice,
But Sydney heard him sing, and knew his voice.
And as Vlysses brought faire Thetis sonne
From his retyred life to menage armes:
So Spencer was by Sidneys speaches wonne,(15)
To blaze her fame not fearing future harmes:
For well he knew, his Muse would soone be tyred
In her high praise, that all the world admired.
Yet as Achilles in those warlike frayes,
Did win the palme from all the Grecian Peeres:(20)
So Spencer now to his immortall prayse,
Hath wonne the Laurell quite from all his feres.
What though his taske exceed a humaine witt,
He is excus’d, sith Sidney thought it fitt.
W.L
To looke vpon a worke of rare deuise
The which a workman setteth out to view,
And not to yield it the deserued prise,
That vnto such a workmanship is dew.
Doth either proue the iudgement to be naught(5)
Or els doth shew a mind with enuy fraught.
To labour to commend a peece of worke,
Which no man goes about to discommend,
Would raise a iealous doubt that there did lurke,
Some secret doubt, whereto the prayse did tend.(10)
For when men know the goodnes oj the wyne,
T’is needlessefor the hoast to haue a sygne.
Thus then to shew my iudgement to be such
As can discerne of colours blacke, and white,
As alls to free my minde from enuies tuch,(15)
That neuer giues to any man his right,
I here pronounce this workmanship is such,
As that no pen can set it forth too much
And thus I hang a garland at the dore,
Not for to shew the goodnes of the ware:(20)
But such hath beene the custome heretofore,
And customs very hardly broken are.
And when your tast shall tell you this is trew,
Then looke you giue your hoast his vtmost dew.
Ignoto.
DEDICATORY SONNETS
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON, LORD HIGH CHAUNCELOR OF ENGLAND. &C.
Those prudent heads, that with theire counsels wise
Whylom the Pillours of th’earth did sustaine,
And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannise,
And in the neck of all the world to rayne,
Oft from those graue affaires were wont abstaine,
With the sweet Lady Muses for to play:
So Ennius the elder Africane,
So Maro oft did Cœsars cares allay.
So you great Lord, that with your counsell sway
The burdeine of this kingdom mightily,
With like delightes sometimes may eke delay,
The rugged brow of carefull Policy:
And to these ydle rymes lend litle space,
Which for their titles sake may find more grace.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
THE LO[RD] BURLEIGH LO[RD]
HIGH THREASURER OF ENGLAND.
To you right noble Lord, whose carefull brest
To menage of most graue affaires is bent,
And on whose mightie shoulders most doth rest
The burdein of this kingdomes gouernement,
As the wide compasse of the firmament,
On Atlas mighty shoulders is vpstayd;
Vnfitly I these ydle rimes present,
The labor of lost time, and wit vnstayd:
Yet if their deeper sence be inly wayd,
And the dim vele, with which from comune vew
Their fairer parts are bid, aside be layd.
Perhaps not vaine they may appeare to you.
Such as they be, vouchsafe them to receaue,
And wipe their faults out of your censure graue.
E.S.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARLE OF
OXENFORD,
LORD HIGH CHAMBERLAYNB OF ENGLAND. &C.
Receiue most Noble Lord in gentle gree,
The vnripe fruit of an vnready wit:
Which by thy countenaunce doth craue to bee
Defended from foule Enuies poisnous bit.
Which so to doe may thee right well besit,
Sith th’antique glory of thine auncestry
Vnder a shady vele is therein writ,
And eke thine owne long liuing memory,
Succeeding them in true nobility:
And also for the loue, which thou doest beare
To th’Heliconian ymps, and they to thee,
They vnto thee, and thou to them most deare:
Deare as thou art vnto thy selfe, so loue
That loues & honours thee, as doth behoue.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARLE OF
NORTHUMBERLAND.
The sacred Muses haue made alwaies clame
To be the Nourses of nobility,
And Registres of euerlasting fame,
To all that armes professe and cheualry.
Then by like right the noble Progeny,
Which them succeed in fame and worth, are tyde
T’embrace the seruice of sweete Poetry,
By whose endeuours they are glorifide,
And eke from all, of whom it is enuide,
To patronize the authour of their praise,
Which giues them life, that els would soone haue dide,
And crownes their ashes with immortall bates.
To thee therefore right noble Lord I send
This present of my paints, it to defend,
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARLE OF
CUMBERLAND.
Redoubted Lord, in whose corageous mind
The flowre of cheualry now bloosming faire,
Doth promise fruite worthy the noble kind,
Which of their praises haue left you the haire;
To you this humble present I prepare,
For loue of vertue and of Martiall praise,
To which though nobly ye inclined are,
As goodlie well ye shew’d in late assaies,
Yet braue ensample of long passed daies,
In which trew honor yee may fashiond see,
To like desire of honor may ye raise,
And fill your mind with magnanimitee.
Receiue it Lord therefore as it was ment,
For honor of your name and high descent.
E.S.
TO THE MOST HONOURABLE AND EXCELLENT
LO[RD] THE EARLE OF ESSEX. GREAT MAISTER
OF THB HORSE TO HER HIGHNESSE, AND KNIGHT
OF THE NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER. &C.
Magnificke Lord, whose vertues excellent
Doe merit a most famous Poets witt,
To be thy lining praises instrument,
Yet doe not sdeigne, to let thy name be writt
In this base Poeme, for thee far vnfitt.
Nought is thy worth disparaged thereby,
But when my Muse, whose fethers nothing flitt
Doe yet but flagg, and lowly learne to fly
With bolder wing shall dare alofte to sty
To the last praises of this Faery Queene,
Then shall it make more famous memory
Of thine Heroicke parts, such as they beene:
Till then vouchsafe thy noble countenaunce,
To these first labours needed furtheraunce,
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THB EARLE OF
ORMOND AND OSSORY.
Receiue most noble Lord a simple taste
Of the wilde fruit, which saluage soyl hath bred,
Which being through long wars left almost waste,
With brutish barbarisme is ouerspredd:
And in so faire a land, as may be redd,
Not one Parnassus, nor one Helicone
Left for sweete Muses to be harboured,
But where thy selfe hast thy braue mansione;
There in deede dwel faire Graces many one.
And gentle Nymphes, delights of learned wits,
And in thy person without Paragone
All goodly bountie and true honour sits,
Such therefore, as that wasted soyl doth yield,
Receiue dear Lord in worth, the fruit of barren field.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LO [RD]
CH[ARLES] HOWARD, LO[RD] HIGH ADMIRAL OF
ENGLAND, KNIGHT OF THE NOBLE ORDER OF THE
GARTER, AND ONE OF HER MAIESTIES PRIUIE
COUNSEL. &C.
And ye, braue Lord, whose goodly personage,
And noble deeds each other garnishing,
Make you ensample to the present age,
Of th’old Heroes, whose famous of spring
The antique Poets wont so much to sing,
In this same Pageaunt haue a worthy place,
Sith those huge castles of Castilian king,
That vainly threatned kingdomes to displace,
Like flying doues ye did before you chace;
And that proud people woxen insolent
Through many victories, didst first deface:
Thy praises euerlasting monument
Is in this verse engrauen semblably,
That it may liue to all posterity.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD OF
HUNSDON, HIGH CHAMBERLAINS TO HER
MAIESTY.
Renowmed Lord, that for your worthinesse
And noble deeds haue your deserued place,
High in the fauour of that Emperesse.
The worlds sole glory and her sexes grace,
Here eke of right haue you a worthie place,
Both for your nearnes to that Faerie Queene,
And for your owne high merit in like cace,
Of which, apparaunt proofe was to be seene,
When that tumultuous rage and fearfull deene
Of Northerne rebels ye did pacify,
And their disloiall powre defaced clene,
The record of enduring memory.
Liue Lord for eucr in this lasting verse,
That all posteritie thy honor may reherse.
E.S.
TO THE MOST RENOWMED AND VALIANT LORD,
THE LORD GREY OF WILTON, KNIGHT OF THE
NOBLE ORDER OF THB GARTER, &C.
Most Noble Lord the pillor of my life,
And Patrone of my Muses pupillage,
Through whose large bountie poured on me rife,
In the first season of my feeble age,
I now doe liue, bound yours by vassalage:
Sith nothing euer may redeeme, nor reaue
Out of your endlesse debt so sure a gage,
Vouchsafe in worth this small guift to receaue,
Which in your noble hands for pledge I leaue,
Of all the rest, that I am tyde t’account:
Rude rymes, the which a rustick Muse did weaue
In sauadge soyle, far from Parnasso mount,
And roughly wrought in an vnlearned Loome:
The which vouchsafe dear Lord your fauorable doome.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD OF
BUCKHURST, ONE OF HER MAIESTIES PRIUIE
COUNSELL.
In vain I thinke right honourable Lord,
By this rude rime to memorize thy name;
Whose learned Muse hath writ her owne record,
In golden verse, worthy immortal fame:
Thou much more fit (were leasure to the same)
Thy gracious Souerain praises to compile.
And her imperiall Maiestie to frame,
In loftie numbers and heroicke stile.
But sith thou maist not so, giue leaue a while
To baser wit his power therein to spend,
Whose grosse defaults thy daintie pen may file,
And vnaduised ouersights amend.
But euermore vouchsafe it to maintaine
Against vile Zoilus backbitings vaine.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR FR[ANCIS]
WALSINGHAM KNIGHT, PRINCIPALL SECRETARY
TO HER MAIESTY, AND OF HER HONOURABLE
PRIUY COUNSELL.
That Mantuane Poetes incompared spirit,
Whose girland now is set in highest place,
Had not Mecœnas for his worthy merit,
It first aduaunst to great Augustus grace,
Might long perhaps haue lien in silence bace,
Ne bene so much admir’d of later age.
This lowly Muse, that learns like steps to trace,
Flies for like aide vnto your Patronage;
That are the great Mecenas of this age,
As wel to al that ciuil artes professe
As those that are inspird with Martial rage,
And craues protection of her feeblenesse:
Which if ye yield, perhaps ye may her rayse
In bigger tunes to sound your liuing prayse.
E.S.
TO THE RIGHT NOBLE LORD AND MOST
VALIAUNT CAPTAINE, SIR JOHN NORRIS KNIGHT,
LORD PRESIDENT OF MOUNSTER,
Who euer gaue more honourable prize
To the sweet Muse, then did the Martiall crew;
That their braue deeds she might immortalize
In her shril tromp, and sound their praises dew?
Who then ought more to fauour her, then you
Moste noble Lord, the honor of this age,
And Precedent of all that armes ensue?
Whose warlike prowesse and manly courage,
Tempred with reason and aduizement sage
Hath fild sad Belgicke with victorious spoile,
In Fraunce and Ireland left a famous gage,
And lately shakt the Lusitanian soile.
Sith then each where thou hast dispredd thy fame,
Loue him, that hath eternized your name.
E.S.
TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND VALOROUS KNIGHT,
SIR WALTER RALEIGH, LO[RD] WARDEIN OF THE
STANNERYES, AND LIEFTENAUNT OF
CORNEWAILE.
To thee that art the sommers Nightingale,
Thy soueraine Goddesses most deare delight.
Why doe I send this rusticke Madrigale,
That may thy tunejull eare vnseason quite?
Thou onely fit this Argument to write,
In whose high thoughts Pleasure hath built her bowre,
And dainty loue learnd sweetly to endite.
My rimes 1 know vnsauory and sowre,
To tast the streames, that like a golden showre
Flow from thy fruit full head, of thy loues praise,
Fitter perhaps to thonder Martiall stowre,
When so thee list thy lofty Muse to raise:
Yet till that thou thy Poeme wilt make knowne,
Let thy Jain Cinthias praises bee thus rudely showne.
E.S.
TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE AND MOST
VERTUOUS LADY, THE COUNTESSE OF PENBROKE.
Remembraunce of that most Heroicke spirit,
The heuens pride, the glory of our daies,
Which now triumpheth through immortall merit
Of his braue vertues, crownd with lasting baies,
Of heuenlie blis and euerlasting praies;
Who first my Muse did lift out of the flore,
To sing his sweet delights in lowlie laies;
Bids me most noble Lady to adore
His goodly image liuing euermore,
In the diuine resemblaunce of your face;
Which with your vertues ye embellish more,
And natiue beauty deck with heuenlie grace:
For his, and for your owne especial sake,
Vouchsafe from him this token in good worth to take.
E.S.
TO THE MOST VERTUOUS, AND BEAUTIFULL
LADY, THE LADY CAREW.
Ne may I, without blot of endlesse blame,
You fairest Lady leaue out of this place,
But with remembraunce of your gracious name,
Wherewith that courtly garlond most ye grace,
And deck the world, adorne these verses base:
Not that these few lines can in them comprise
Those glorious ornaments of heuenly grace,
Wherewith ye triumph ouer feeble eyes,
And in subdued harts do tyranyse:
For thereunto doth need a golden quill,
And siluer leaues, them rightly to deuise,
But to make humble present of good will:
Which whenas timely meanes it purchase may,
In ampler wise it selfe will forth display.
E.S.
TO ALL THE GRATIOUS AND BEAUTIFULL
LADIES IN THE COURT.
The Chian Peincter, when he was requirde
To pourtraict Venus in her perfect hew,
To make his worke more absolute, desird
Of all the fairest Maides to haue the vew.
Much more me needs to draw the semblant trew,
Of beauties Queene, the worlds sole wonderment,
To sharpe my sence with sundry beauties vew,
And steals from each some part of ornament.
If all the world to seeke I ouerwent,
A fairer crew yet no where could I see,
Then that braue court doth to mine eie present,
That the worlds pride seemes gathered there to bee.
Of each a part I stole by cunning thefte:
Forgiue it me faire Dames, sith lesse ye haue not lefte.
E.S.
FINIS
THE FAERIE QUEENE
TO
THE MOST HIGH,
MIGHTIE
And
MAGNIFICENT
EMPRESSE RENOVV-
MED FOR PIETIE, VER-
TVE, AND ALL GRATIOVS
GOVERNMENT ELIZABETH BY
THE GRACE OF GOD QVEENE
OF ENGLAND FRAVNCE AND
IRELAND AND OF VIRGI-
NIA, DEFENDOVR OF THE
FAITH, &c . HER MOST
HVMBLE SERVAVNT
EDMVND SPENSER
DOTH IN ALL HV-
MILITIE DEDI-
CATE, PRE-
SENT
AND CONSECRATE THESE
HIS LABOVRS TO LIVE
WITH THE ETERNI-
TIE OF HER
FAME