Charles the King
Historical novels by Evelyn Anthony available from Coronet:
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Curse Not The King
Far Fly The Eagles
Valentina
Victoria
Anne Boleyn
Elizabeth
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Author’s Foreword
This is the story of a glorious failure. Charles I was the last absolute monarch to reign over England and one of the most ill-fated Kings of the tragic, splendid dynasty of the Royal Stuarts. It is the story of the public and personal life of a strange man, who came to an ingnominious end and turned it into a triumph of courage and faith which still has the power to touch and exalt the human heart after the passage of three centuries.
I have tried hard to give the reader a true picture of the King and the woman he married and lived with in shining fidelity for over twenty years, and of the circumstances which ended his reign after a savage and bloody Civil War. It is a love story because the passionate, abiding love Charles and Henrietta Maria bore each other influenced so much of his life and the history of his country. I have used documents and letters wherever these were available, and I have based the King’s letter to the Queen at Berwick on his known opinions and words used in a different context at the time. I have shortened the account of war with Scotland and the tortuous negotiations with Parliament during his captivity at Carisbrooke, and given an account of his meeting with Cromwell which is not substantiated. But Cromwell was the principal negotiator of the Army treaty, and he was present when the King saw his children at Caversham, not Hampton Court as stated.
The Countess of Carlisle was the reputed mistress of Strafford and Pym, and she was and still is accused of betraying the King and Queen as I have described, though no definite proof has been found.
All other events, personalities, times and incidents in this book are true.
EVELYN ANTHONY
London, 1961
Chapter 1
The King of England was waiting for his bride; he was twenty-five and also the sovereign of Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and she was fifteen, the daughter of a King of France who had been assassinated a few weeks after she was born. They had been married a month, but they had never met.
He had seen her once when he was still Charles, Prince of Wales, but he had been on his way to Spain to arrange a match with someone else and the little French Princess dancing in a court Masque in Paris had made no impression on him—he could not remember anything about her. Like his father’s favourite, the Duke of Buckingham, who was travelling with him, Charles had spent his evening watching the stately red-headed Queen of France whose beauty and dignity eclipsed all the other ladies and Princesses of the Blood. They had then left Paris and gone to Spain, where the Spanish Infanta delighted the young prince, who was inexperienced enough and lonely enough to fall in love with anyone, but quite unprepared for the Spanish custom of courtship in the presence of the lady’s household. He was also unprepared to reverse the Anti-Catholic laws of England on which his dynasty depended and to forswear his own Protestant religion; these were the conditions Spain asked in return for the hand of her Princess.
Charles and the Duke of Buckingham had abandoned the negotiations in an atmosphere of hostility which owed a good deal to Buckingham’s efforts to seduce some of the impeccable Spanish ladies. They returned to England without a treaty or a bride, and Charles’s father, King James, threw his arms round his son and hugged him in his undignified way and promised to find him someone else.
Charles accordingly retired to his apartments at St. James’s Palace, and resumed his self-effacing life of study, without friends or intimates of either sex except the boisterous, bumptious, splendid man whom he had come to like against his will, Buckingham, the son of a poor country squire, who was a millionaire and a Privy Councillor and a Duke because he had taken the old King’s fancy.
Charles and his father had nothing in common and there was no tinge of the unnatural in the Prince’s response to Buckingham’s friendship. Charles was lonely and shy and in his soul the Court and the King disgusted him and increased his isolation. He stammered when he was excited or nervous; he was small and slightly built and too modest to appreciate his own refined and sensitive good looks. He had the features and the bearing of a King and the mentality of a knight of the Middle Ages. It amused the cynical, amoral Steenie Buckingham to force himself upon the younger man and to make him the unwilling victim of his charm. For Buckingham possessed charm in an extraordinary degree. He was witty, he was generous, he was an acknowledged bravo who could suddenly laugh at himself; he radiated confidence, and in spite of everything Charles was flattered that such a man should seek him out. Though he was lonely and disappointed after his return, he now loved Buckingham more blindly and trusted him further than the crafty old King had ever done. And the King had kept his promise. He had found another bride for his son, the Princess Henrietta Maria of France, and then, two months before the proxy wedding, James sickened and died and Charles was king of all three kingdoms.
Charles turned away from the window and began to walk up and down the room. He wished there had been a mirror, or time to change from his riding clothes which were covered in dust. He wondered whether his wife had been impressed by the massive walls and fortress guns of Dover Castle, and then thought anxiously that perhaps the Castle was a depressing place in which to meet for the first time. Buckingham had gone to France to bring the new Queen back, and he had written to Charles telling him that she was gay and pleasing and pretty and well enough developed for her age. And though she was a Papist, the terms of the marriage treaty had been reasonable. She must have freedom for herself and her retinue to practise their faith, and also her husband must promise to alleviate the hardships suffered by her co-religionists in England. They had been married by proxy, and then she had gone on a long, stately progress through France accompanied by the King and Queen of France, the Queen Mother, Marie de Medici, and all their attendants.
The delay had irritated Charles; in spite of his quiet manner he had inherited the volcanic temper of his Stuart ancestors with the dark red hair of his grandmother, the unhappy, controversial Mary, Queen of Scots. He had been hurt by the reports that Henrietta was in no hurry to leave France and join him. He had been extremely angry when he received a message from her when she arrived at Dover, begging him to wait before presenting himself as she had been sea-sick and needed time to prepare. He had ridden back to Canterbury, very pale and silent and obviously furious, and left her until ten o’clock the next morning before he presented himself.
Now he was not angry any more, only nervous and excited, and glad that he had sent everyone away, even Buckingham, because he must not let anyone see how much this meeting and this marriage meant to him, even before it had begun. Princes were not expected to be in love with their wives; they were not supposed to need support or companionship, and if they did they sought it outside marriage. But Charles had never had a mistress. He had seen the women at his father’s Court, painted, immoral and loose in conversation. Some of the highest born could only be described as drunken whores. He had seen mothers leading their handsome sons up to King James, hoping to advance them by way of the King’s bedchamber, and he had known that for himself there could be no happiness or self-respect in such a mode of life. He had been laughed at as a prude, and a ribald verse was circulating, offering condolences to the new Queen for a marriage bed as clumsy as the tossing ship which carried her across the Channel. He knew and he pretended ignorance. The Court would change; already conversation was more guarded and two gentlemen had been dismissed from their posts for coming into the King’s presence tipsy, forgetting that their master was no longer the bibulous King James. The new King had a very cold eye when he looked at something or someone he disliked, if he stammered at some moments, he could express himself only too clearly when he was annoyed.
He had been King for three months, and already it was understood that he would not tolerate an open scandal. At the same time the Duke of Buckingham, freed of the vigilance of the dead King, seduced and philandered to his heart’s content, while his censorious young master behaved as if he were blind to the conduct of the most infamous relic of the disreputable past. Within three months Charles had established his authority over his Court; it was taken for granted that the fifteen-year-old French Princess would do exactly as her husband wished.
He was standing in front of the fireplace, kicking nervously at the smoking coals with his boot, when the door suddenly opened. Charles’ first sight of his wife was somehow confused because of the crowd of women who were pushing behind her through the open door. When they separated, a small, very slight figure advanced towards him. He had a fleeting impression of a pointed face and enormous brown eyes, and then the new Queen of England sank down in a curtsy in front of him. She was much smaller and much more childish than he had imagined. He ignored the curtsying group of women round them and lifted the little Queen to her feet and kissed her before he had even really seen her face. She did not return the kiss. She stared at him with her extraordinary eyes, fringed with long black lashes and looked over her shoulder with an expression of panic. A tall, angular lady, her cheeks bright red with rouge, moved a step nearer and said encouragingly, “Sire, I am come …”
Henrietta Maria turned back to the King and began to make her formal speech. She had been rehearsed very carefully for her entry into England; she had been strictly brought up in a Court where etiquette bound every word and action of the Blood Royal, and she was accustomed to protocol. She had expected a formal reception which would take place before their attendants, when her husband the King would meet her suitably dressed and accompanied and she would come forward with dignity, wearing one of her magnificent trousseau dresses and her jewels. She stared at the handsome young man in his dusty clothes and muddy riding boots, waiting in the ante room like a common courier without even a gentleman in attendance, and she forgot every word of her speech. It was not what she expected. She was married and she was a Queen and she had landed after a wretched journey and found only a representative to meet her and been lodged in an appalling Castle which was only fit for prisoners, without proper apartments, heating or light, and with a disgusting antiquated bed left over from the reign of Elizabeth Tudor. Her suite had been grumbling. Madame de St. George, who had tried to prompt her a moment ago, had been outraged by the inadequacy, the shabbiness of the reception of a Princess of France, and with the words fleeing her memory and the young man who was her husband standing there looking at her in surprise, the Queen of England covered her face with her hands and burst into tears. They were not tears of fright as Charles supposed; he put his arms round his wife and this time he kissed her ceremoniously on both her wet cheeks, and taking his handkerchief, wiped her tears away.
“If your Majesty will permit me …” He looked up and the same Frenchwoman, obviously the principal lady-in-waiting, was standing with her hand on the Queen’s shoulder.
“I will attend to Madam,” she said firmly. “You must forgive her, Sire. She has had a long journey and her reception here was not one which made her feel at ease.”
For a moment Charles looked into the woman’s eyes; they were brown and they were bright with hostility. He was outraging every custom known to Madame de St. George and every self-respecting member of the French nobility. He was embracing his wife in public and fumbling with his handkerchief instead of retiring tactfully and leaving her to recover her composure with her women. She did not like the King of England. She did not like men with red hair and she detested the contemptuous expression in his eyes. When Charles answered his voice was very curt.
“Thank you, but the Queen will recover her spirits sooner with me than with you; it would be a poor omen for our marriage if her husband failed to comfort her.”
He looked down at Henrietta and his rather stern face softened in a very warm smile. It was the first time she had seen on his face a look of anything but surprise or anxiety and then the unpleasant glare which had sent Madame de St. George to the other side of the room. Henrietta gave him her hand and he kissed it. He was really very handsome, as handsome as the portrait sent to her before their marriage. He had very fine eyes of a deep blue which at first appeared as if they were hazel, and she liked the little pointed beard he wore. She was proud and spoilt and she had cried with pure rage because she felt she had been slighted from the moment she landed at Dover Harbour, but she was also entirely feminine and innocently vain.
“Welcome to England, Madam. And forgive me for coming to meet you dressed like this. I was too anxious to see you to wait for ceremony.”
Henrietta smiled at him, and the eyes which had been swimming in petulant tears, sparkled and a dimple appeared in one cheek.
“I am not as I would have wished myself,” she said. “I had a special gown for you, Sire, and that speech which I fear I shall never make properly now. And I am not wearing stilt heels!’
To the horror of her ladies and the amusement of Charles, she lifted her skirts and showed her small feet in low silk shoes. He had been anxious that she should reach his shoulder; like most men of small or middle height, the King was sensitive; he wanted neither a giantess nor a dwarf, and someone must have repeated the remark to his bride. He blushed, and Henrietta decided that she liked him better every minute. For a moment neither of them spoke; they appraised each other with something close to the candour of children, the inexperienced bridegroom of twenty-five whose whole life had been a struggle against his own shyness and the physical delicacy which had robbed him of his childhood—and the proud, warm-natured, high-spirited girl who had been bartered in a marriage with a man she had never seen for the benefit of England and of France. She had expected a handsome Prince and in that at least she had not been disappointed. No one had bothered to inform her of his character or his tastes; he was a King and she was his wife, and would share his bed and his throne and bear his children. She would count herself supremely fortunate if she even liked him; love was a word used in letters and speeches, and it meant nothing. Nobody took such sentiments seriously. She would be faithful and obedient, provided that he asked nothing beyond the terms in her marriage treaty, and she would enjoy the full sum of the happiness allotted to Princesses on this earth. It had never occurred to her, or been suggested even as a joke, that Charles Stuart might fall in love with her or she might find herself in love with him.
After a moment Henrietta remembered her obligations, and, with an apology, she presented her ladies to the King in strict order of rank. Madame de St. George came first.
“My Principal Lady of the Bedchamber,” Henrietta announced, “and my very dear friend and mentor,” she added as a hint to Charles to be especially gracious. He ignored it; he gave the Frenchwoman his hand which she kissed and then turned away without speaking a word to her. He disliked her, and he never changed his first impressions.
“La Duchesse de Chevreuse, La Comtesse de Touillère, Madame de Lanton, Mademoiselle de Berrand.”
He received them one by one and did not find a single face he admired or a suggestion of a personality he could like. He addressed them in general; he was not going to be overawed by them, or allow them to take his wife away until he had finished speaking to her.
“Welcome to my Kingdom, ladies. I trust that you will be happy here and give your mistress all comfort and devotion, as I shall,” he said, turning to Henrietta. “Come and sit down with me for a few moments, Madam. I was sorry to hear you had such a vile journey.”
“It was a nightmare, Sire. The ship rolled and tossed until I felt sure we should all be drowned—indeed there were times on that crossing when I wished we might be, I was so sick!”
“It soon passes,” Charles said kindly. “The moment you disembark the sickness disappears; I’m not a good sailor either, Madam, so we will do our travelling on land in the future. Are you comfortably lodged?”
Henrietta hesitated; this was not the moment to complain. In spite of her youth she was sophisticated enough to know that her husband was favourably impressed by her, but she felt the disapproval of her ladies, all of whom had grumbled and protested at the conditions at the Castle and knew that she would be accused of cowardice and lack of pride if she evaded the question. Having made up her mind, she was inclined to speak it without any saving tact.
“My lodgings are terrible, Sire,” she said. “They are dark and cold, and I have a most terrible bed with a mattress like a board, and filthy hangings which squeaked in the night; I am sure there are bats in them. We were all too terrified to shake them out and look.”
Charles felt himself reddening. She had a bold and haughty little face, far too set and determined for a comparative child and his discomfort was increased by the satisfied expressions on the faces of her women.
“I am sorry,” he said stiffly. “I thought you occupied the State apartments; there must be a mistake.”
“So I thought,” Henrietta answered. “But it seems that is the name for them. I hope that my rooms in London will not be of the same kind.”
“You will find Whitehall Palace compares with any of your homes in France.”
He stood up and she curtsied; they kissed each other’s cheeks with a coolness that delighted the jealous heart of Madame de St. George, and the Queen left the room with her attendants.
Charles followed after a few moments, going to his own apartments, where his valet, Parry, helped him change into a suit of red velvet with a wide collar of fine Belgian lace. Parry had been his servant since he was a boy; he was a gentle, understanding man who was devoted to the Prince. In all the years of his service, Charles had never once rebuked or punished him. Parry would have given his life for the King.
“The Duke of Buckingham is waiting, Sire.”
“Send him in,” Charles said. He felt weary and depressed; he had somehow mismanaged that important meeting with his wife. He had allowed himself to be annoyed by a childish lack of tact and good manners, instead of treating the complaint with indulgence. The Castle was gloomy, and she had probably been uncomfortable and homesick. Steenie would know how to put it right; he understood women.
A few moments later Buckingham stood in the doorway, dressed in green satin with an enormous plume in his hat; he looked like a splendid pagan god.
“Your Majesty! Behold your humble servant returned from France! Must I kneel or may I claim a friend’s privilege and embrace you?”
Charles came to him and put his arm round his shoulder. In spite of his depression, he laughed. “You may be many things, Steenie, but you have never been anyone’s humble servant! How are you, my dear friend … I’m so glad to see you, I’ve been as lonely as the devil while you were away.”
“And now I’m back,” Buckingham laughed. “With my mission accomplished and the bride delivered to her husband. How do you like her?”
Charles sat down and pointed to another chair for Buckingham. No other man was allowed to sit in his presence, irrespective of age or rank.
“She is much younger than you said,” he confessed. “When she saw me she mumbled a speech and then burst into a torrent of tears.”
“Nerves,” the Duke suggested. “All women are subject to them. And with respect, most husbands are treated to that on their wedding night. Does she not please you at all? She has beautiful eyes—didn’t you notice them?”
“They’re magnificent,” Charles said slowly. “She is far prettier than I expected. There’s no fault to find with her looks at all. But she has a pert tongue which surprised me; you didn’t mention that.”
“Another feminine failing,” the Duke grinned at him. “Alas, Sire, all women have tongues; it’s the least useful part of their anatomy. She’s spirited and she’s apt to think the French created the earth, but she will learn, if you’re firm with her.”
“Are you firm with your wife, Steenie?”
King James paid that much respect to the conventions; his favourites had all been allowed to marry if the bride had a good dowry and kept in the background.
“I don’t think so,” Buckingham answered. “How could I be when she had so much to forgive—and still has, poor woman! No, Sire, I was never firm with women; I am not interested in moulding their characters. But you must shape Madam a little; believe me, she will love you all the better for it.”
He smiled at the King; he was amused and cynical but not unkind. Personally he thought the bride he had recommended was a spoilt little minx, too thin and unformed to be bed-worthy, with an insufferable sense of her own importance. He hoped that when Charles had recovered from his initial nervousness and inexperience he would have the sense to break her spirit. He would never have advised the marriage except that the Exchequer was dangerously low and she brought a dowry of 800,000 francs, and an alliance with France which would be useful in the war they were about to declare upon Spain.
Buckingham did not like Henrietta, and he knew that the feeling was mutual. He had chaffed her as if they were equals and then ignored her once the treaty was signed and abandoned himself to a violent pursuit of the Queen of France, the same red-haired beauty he and Charles had admired so much two years ago.
He was sitting at his ease now with his own sovereign, but in fact he had left France in the most unfriendly and inauspicious atmosphere, having almost involved the helpless Queen Anne in a scandal which brought her close to divorce and imprisonment at the command of her husband. Buckingham had scandalized everyone by making the proxy marriage and the negotiations leading to it the background for his own well-publicized love-affair with the French Queen, and the young girl who had become Queen of England had conceived a mortal hatred for him before she even sailed for her new home. Her enmity and the censure of her compatriots did not disturb the Duke. She had been bought, part of a settlement of money and a treaty; her purpose was to breed the King’s children, and a few minutes of concentration at regular intervals could achieve this. He saw no reason to fear her and therefore he tried to revive Charles’ enthusiasm.
“Don’t worry about her, Sire,” he insisted. “Everything will turn out well between you; I have a feeling, here, in my heart, that you will be perfectly happy with her!”
“I must be,” Charles answered him. “And I feel that since I’m so much older than she, it will be my fault if we fail to love each other and be happy. I need happiness, Steenie; I’m not like you. I shall never go from bed to bed in search of it.”
Buckingham leant forward and shook his head.
“You say so now, Sire; but you may change your mind. The taste grows on most men.”
“Promiscuity will never grow on me,” the King said.
“Please God you will never feel the need of it,” the Duke answered. “When do you meet the Queen again?”
“We will dine together this evening. Then we go to Canterbury tomorrow, and I have arranged that the second marriage ceremony shall take place there at St. Augustine’s. The following day we will proceed to London. I have decided to go by barge; the Plague has broken out in the City and it’s unsafe to travel through the open streets. However disappointed she is with Dover, she cannot help being impressed by London.”
“She cannot help being impressed by England,” Buckingham said. He was becoming irritated by the King’s anxiety over the opinions and feelings of a fifteen-year-old foreigner. The chill in which he had left France had wounded his vanity more than he would admit even to himself. His handsome face grew sullen at the memory. The man who had administered the bitterest snubs at the French Court was a priest who was also a Minister and the dour King Louis’ only confidant. Armand du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, was a cold, polite diplomat with a head of iron and a heart of vinegar. Reputed to have been perversely touched by the voluptuous beauty of the Queen who had inspired Buckingham to so much vulgarity and indiscretion, he had been rebuffed, and he had changed from the admirer into a mortal enemy, pledged to the maintenance of the virtue which had withstood him and to the utter ruin of the Queen’s relations with her husband. He was dangerous and clever and Buckingham spoke of him bitterly to the King.
“Like all these Papist priests, Richelieu’s a schemer,” he said. “And no friend to this country. He drove the devil’s own bargain over the Queen’s freedom of religion, and not, I assure you Sire, because he is religious!”
“The terms are not unreasonable,” Charles remarked. “You know very well that I am not a persecutor.”
“No, Sire, but the people and the Parliament are too suspicious of all Papists to allow them any tolerance. If the clauses in that marriage contract are made public, there’ll be a most damnable outcry.”
Charles listened to him without answering. He had summoned his first Parliament within a few months of his accession and found them as intransigent as his father had often described. They had been gracious, the elected body of gentlemen, lawyers and nobles and squires, and had made speeches expressing their loyalty and devotion to their new King and the approval of the war he was about to declare against Spain. It was not a war which roused much enthusiasm in the King. His temperament inclined to peace; bloodshed and destruction did not excite Charles.
Parliament’s idea was to wage the kind of war which the great Elizabeth Tudor had conducted so successfully against their old enemy. They wanted ships and troops to attack the Spanish ports and capture the treasure ships returning from the Indies. In this way the Catholic oppressors of Protestant Germany would be weakened, and the pockets of the godly in England enriched at their expense. The enthusiasts for war had a sentimental as well as a practical reason for demanding an end to neutrality. The King’s sister, Princess Elizabeth, had married the Prince of the Palatinate and was in the centre of the religious conflict. Thanks to the imprudent ambitions of her husband, she had now neither throne nor resting place, and lived in exile in Holland with her three sons, urging her brother Charles to be true to his Protestant faith, and regain what the Prince Palatine’s incompetence had lost. But the representative bodies at Westminster, who had been so clamorous in their demand for action, showed a sudden reticence when they were asked to vote the King enough money to equip the ships and the men who were to venture out so gloriously. He had never valued money in his life; he had a natural appreciation for everything that was artistic and rare and beautiful, but he felt nothing of the reverence for actual currency which was shown by many of his Puritan subjects. Charles had been born and educated as befitted a Prince; he was ignorant of other values and inclined to despise men who showed an ungentlemanly interest in trade. Without knowing that he did so, Charles had approached his Parliament with a total lack of sympathy and understanding of their motives or their scale of values. They had screamed for war and action against the Catholic Powers, and he was shocked and disgusted when they avoided their financial obligations. The sum voted was ridiculously small; he knew that Buckingham had fitted out ships and men with money borrowed from place-seekers and from his own income, and that he was sending out a badly-equipped, poorly-trained expedition against the Spaniards at Cadiz. If the Duke failed, the King had no doubt that some of those Members of the House of Commons who had cut him down to the last halfpenny, would be the first to blame the favourite rather than then own meanness. There were times when the new King longed for a full Treasury and a system of revenue which gave the Crown independence of that unnecessary and officious body. He had deliberately made concessions in his marriage treaty with the French which promised toleration to the English Catholics without informing Parliament or any of the Crown Ministers except Buckingham. War between one nation and another was not confused in his mind with the disembowelling of priests and laymen for the crime of practising their religion. Unlike his father, whose beliefs were dictated by policy, unlike most men of enlightened views at his own Court, Charles held his Protestant faith with passionate sincerity. He was unique in his ability to respect the opinions of others without sacrificing any tenet of his own.
He thought of his Catholic bride and felt sure that under the benign influence of the clergymen at his Court and his own example she would see the error of her beliefs and embrace the Church of her adopted country. If she did not, then it was not in his nature to make her; nor was he capable of allowing her views to corrupt him or the children he hoped she would bear him. That had been clearly understood. The heir to the throne of England and his brothers and sisters would be strictly brought up in their father’s religion. He had assured a sceptical House of Commons on that point and he intended to keep his word.
Steenie had said he must be firm with his wife. He sat on, thinking of that advice after the Duke had excused himself and gone away to change his clothes and prepare for dinner at the Royal table.
The more Charles thought of the girl he had seen for such a short time, the less he felt inclined to take a stern attitude with her. Her lapse of good manners seemed less significant as the time passed; his irritation and misgivings faded until he remembered nothing but the sweet, piquant little face and the lovely dark eyes full of tears.
He had never been in love, and he was not in love then, but he felt a curious disposition towards it, almost a longing for the emotion which was so lightly roused and as lightly blighted by immorality and cruelty and betrayal between men and women. He was not like Buckingham, as he had pointed out. He had never felt the least inclination to sample women indiscriminently, but that did not mean that his blood ran colder than in the veins of other men. He was not libidinous; he was incapable of the mental leer and the unclean experiment, but the passions of his Stuart ancestors slept lightly in his nature. They were as inflammatory as his temper. If those passions woke with the new Queen of England, if his hopes were fulfilled in her, then his love would follow. And love with Charles knew no limit of prudence or generosity.
In her own apartments, Henrietta Maria was being dressed for dinner with her husband. She had spent a long time choosing what she would wear, over-ruling the advice of Madame de St. George, to the surprise of that lady, who thought she saw signs of needless enthusiasm for the stiff young English King.
“I think you should have worn white, Madam,” she said. Henrietta sat down to look at herself in the dressing mirror on the oak chest by the wall. To her annoyance there wasn’t a full-length glass in the room.
“Pink suits me better,” she answered. “You yourself always told me not to wear white when I am pale. And I am pale. More rouge, please, de Berrand.”
The dress was made of the finest Lyons silk, dyed a soft, coral pink and cut low over her tiny bosom and thin shoulders, with a wide collar of silver lace. There were pearl buttons on the bodice, and two rows of very fine pearls of a delicate rosy colour arranged in the curls of her black hair. She had very pretty hair and Mademoiselle de Berrand had dressed it in the style made fashionable by the beautiful Queen of France. It was drawn back from her face in soft waves and fell in curls and little wisps round her shoulders. She looked like an exquisite doll.
“It is not wise to make too much fuss of these people,” Madame de St. George said angrily. “After all the King himself appeared in front of you without even changing his dusty coat!”
“You said that before,” Henrietta answered. From the moment they left Charles, her lady of the bedchamber and the other ladies had been complaining about her husband on her behalf until she burst into tears and told them to stop or she wouldn’t go down again that evening. They had fussed round her with wine and rose-water and some of the less vindictive had said half-heartedly that he was rather a handsome man and seemed quite kind … Praise was what Henrietta wanted to hear. She thought him handsome; she had thought it odd but pleasant when he kissed her and wiped her tears with his handkerchief, and she was desperately anxious for some word of approval or encouragement from her few friends in the strange country where everything, even the manners of Kings to their wives, was so different from France. She had an indomitable will when she felt it opposed; it was strong enough on that occasion to withstand Madame de St. George and she silenced her by saying that she had made her complaint over her apartments, and she did not intend to spoil her dinner by sulking.
“I wonder what the King will wear,” the Comtesse de Touillère remarked.
“God knows,” de St. George said acidly. “Let us just hope that it is the custom in this dreadful country to change one’s clothes at all!”
“You look very beautiful, Madame,” the Duchesse de Chevreuse whispered, bending close to Henrietta. She was a kind woman, and she thought it a pity to upset the Princess when she was committed to life in England. She thought the English uncouth and unlikeable, but there was nothing to be gained by prejudicing the child and urging her to take a hostile attitude.
“The King your husband will be enchanted by you,” she added.
“I hope so,” Henrietta frowned. “Thank God he speaks French so well; it would be so difficult otherwise, because I shall never learn this awful English language. It’s nothing but grunts and coughs, like a lot of pigs at feeding-time!”
“All educated people speak French,” Madame de St. George said. “No one expects you to learn their ridiculous language, Madam. As for the King being enchanted by you—how could he help it? It is much more important to me that he should please you.”
“I shall know better after this evening,” Henrietta stood up. “After all, one can’t judge anyone by a few minutes’ conversation when we were all upset.”
“Reserve your judgement, Madam, until after the final marriage service the day after tomorrow,” the senior lady-in-waiting said significantly. There was silence then until the King’s personal equerry, Sir James Paget, came to escort the Queen and her women to the dining-hall.
They left the next morning for Canterbury. The dinner had been a success; even the most hostile of the French entourage admitted that the King of England treated their Princess with courtesy and charm; carving the meats and waiting on her himself. They had sat together talking and laughing; Henrietta very animated like an excited child, with her cheeks flushed till she looked positively radiant, and the grave young King watching her with an expression of increasing tenderness and delight. They had looked so well matched in their youth and their preoccupation with each other, the handsome young man, very regal and splendid in crimson velvet and lace, with a huge jewelled order blazing on his breast, and the exquisitely pretty French Princess in her shining rose-coloured dress. He asked her many questions, and listened with amusement to her graphic descriptions of the stormy journey and the sea-sickness which had reduced her and her ladies to a state in which they looked like half-drowned cats. The remark was Henrietta’s, but the Duke of Buckingham looked pointedly at all her ladies and burst into a roar of laughter. She had managed to ignore the Duke, but she did it cleverly, giving all her attention to the strange, intense, yet charming man who was her husband. He thought she was amusing, and he told her, somewhat shyly, that he thought her very beautiful; she had made a conquest of him in one evening, and her vanity and her optimism soared. The threat of Madame de St. George lost all its potency during that delightful dinner and the hours that followed. The day after tomorrow she would truly be his wife, and there was nothing in the prospect to frighten or repel her. Charles came up the stairs to the door of her suite, accompanied by Buckingham and all his gentlemen and the English ladies, some of whom were quite handsome and painted as much as anyone she had seen in France. He bowed low over her hand and kissed it, and to her surprise, he kissed her gently on the lips. It was a pleasant kiss, the first she had received in her life from any man, and she went straight to her detestable, dingy little mirror and looked at her mouth as if she expected to find it altered by the experience.
It had been perfect, and she slept happily and long through the night, while her husband lay awake until the dawn, thinking about Henrietta, and thinking very impatiently about the night after the next when he would be able to go through the door with her.
But it was all spoilt on the journey to Canterbury. It was a small thing, relatively unimportant in the lives of both of them, but it disrupted the harmony between them as if someone had thrown a charge of explosive into the carriage.
In the State procession to the Cathedral City of Canterbury, in the presence of the English Court who had assembled there and the ambassador of France, Madame de St. George demanded to sit with the King and Queen, and the Queen supported her. Faced by two furious, insistent women, joined by the French ambassador anxious to preserve the honour of his country, Charles refused to allow his wife’s attendant to take precedence over a high-ranking English lady. He was white and tight-lipped with anger; it was inconceivable to him that his wife should so far forget her dignity and the obedience she owed him as to argue with him in public and question English custom. He glanced away from Henrietta’s flushed, furious little face; she was holding on to her attendant’s arm and urging her to step into the carriage, and he saw the annoyance and astonishment of his courtiers and the disgusted look of the Duchess of Newcastle who was being deprived of her rightful place by a foreigner. Buckingham came towards him at once.
“What is the matter, Sire?” He turned and glared at the Queen of England, who had the grace to stop arguing, and Charles, stammering with anger and embarrassment, explained the situation.
“The Duchess should ride with us. The Queen insists upon this woman de St. George. I cannot allow it, Steenie. I will not have her in the coach with me.”
Buckingham addressed Henrietta’s lady-in-waiting.
“Get back to the second carriage, Madam. Go of your own free will or I will remove you by force.”
Then Henrietta stepped in front of him. She was so angry that she could have struck him. Madame de St. George was the first of her ladies, the highest ranking, her inseparable companion; she had been warned to give no concessions in precedence to any of the English nobility or their wives.
“You overreach yourself, sir,” she snapped. “Madame de St. George rides with me.”
Out of the corner of her eye she saw the English Duchess shrug and move away. She turned towards the carriage door and climbed in. The first battle had been won. Then she heard Charles speak in a voice which was as cold as ice.
“Lady Newcastle, follow the Queen. And you, Madam, go to the other carriage where you belong.”
They had made the journey to Canterbury in silence. The King stared out of the window after trying to speak to her and receiving no answer; protocol forbade the English Duchess to speak at all unless she was first spoken to, and after a few words which Henrietta suspected were an apology but could not understand because Charles was rude enough to say them in English, the King said nothing to anyone for the rest of the journey.
The route was lined with crowds who cheered and waved, and the King acknowledged them, and his new bride stared out of the window through tears of rage and waved her hand, but nothing would induce her to smile. She glared at the Duchess of Newcastle, who was sitting beside her looking fixedly at the scarlet cushioning above the King’s head, and bit her lips until they stung to stop herself from digging the hated interloper in the ribs. How dare they; how could Charles, the attentive, doting husband, humiliate and hurt her by sending poor de St. George away and forcing her to sit with this odious stranger? Didn’t he know how de St. George would cry and complain and play on her mistress’s nerves until she felt ready to scream with tension…?
And why did he summon that monster, that vulgar, bumptious Buckingham and allow him to threaten one of her ladies as if she were a common drab from the streets?
She was so painfully young and, in spite of her upbringing, sadly undisciplined; she had been taught so much of pride and protocol and ceremony without knowing how to control herself or bend with dignity in any kind of crisis. She reacted and she behaved like the child that she was, in spite of her fashionable dresses and her jewels and the fact that she would no longer be a virgin by the same time tomorrow.
They went through a ceremony of presentation at Canterbury, and she had recovered herself sufficiently to nod her head to the English officials who came up and kissed her hand. She could not reply to their speeches welcoming her and wishing her a happy life and reign with the King because she did not know or understand one word of English. Charles guided her through everything; his attitude was conciliatory because he had already begun to excuse his wife and blame the whole incident upon her lady-in-waiting. Be firm, Steenie had said, and he had been firm. He had made her give way but to his surprise he found that in the process he himself was downcast and disturbed and troubled by a most unreasonable feeling of guilt. And an hour before their marriage, which was to be a Civil ceremony in St. Augustine’s Hall, neither Catholic and therefore offensive to the English, nor Protestant and so invalid to the French, Charles went to see her. An attempt was made to refuse him. However, her attendants, though furious at the treatment given to de St. George that morning and plainly disapproving, did not dare to disobey the King when he ordered them to leave him alone with Henrietta.
He saw at once that she had been crying; she had such luminous eyes and they betrayed her emotions. He had seen them flash with anger and sparkle with laughter, and now they were red and tragic with tears. Immediately he felt that odd sensation of pain and disquiet as if he were entirely responsible for her unhappiness. She was dressed in a long velvet wrapper; her white wedding-dress was laid out ready on the bed and the skirts swept down to the floor like a waterfall, blazing with diamond embroidery. He saw the little satin shoes on the floor beside it, and his own magnificent present, a diadem of pearls and diamonds and a rope of pearls which had belonged to his own grandmother, Mary Queen of Scots, and been sold to Elizabeth Tudor by the rebel Lords of Scotland. Henrietta curtsied, but her expression was stubborn.
“You must forgive me,” Charles said gently, trying hard not to stammer, “for intruding upon you like this, but after—after what happened this morning, I felt I must see you and explain.”
“I apologize for making you angry, Sire, but I understood that my ladies would receive the due of their rank in this country. As my principal lady, Madame de St. George felt that her place was with me and I agreed with her. If I was mistaken, I am sorry.”
It was a very stiff, haughty little speech, but she spoiled it by blushing and covering her face with her hands to hide the tears which overflowed again. She had been determined not to argue, to be dignified and distant and aggrieved, and certainly not cry in front of him when he was so deeply in the wrong. But after only two days, Charles could not bear to see her weeping. He came and took her in his arms, one hand stroking her hair, while she sobbed against his shoulder like an overwrought child.
“It was my fault,” he insisted. “It was all my fault. I should have explained English protocol to you but I thought it had been done … Please, dearest heart, don’t cry and distress yourself.”
He sat down on a chair and lifted Henrietta on to his knee.
“I couldn’t leave things unmended between us,” he said. “I have been so unhappy today when I hoped to be full of joy and pride, showing you to my people for the first time. And I could not go to our marriage service without telling you how tenderly I feel for you and begging you to forgive me for upsetting you this morning.”
Henrietta sat up and borrowed his handkerchief for the second time since they met.
“Madame de St. George is the person who is injured,” she said. Madame had indulged in a fit of minor hysterics as soon as she rejoined the Queen; her tears and reproaches and threats to return to France had overwhelmed Henrietta who was tense and tired out and quivering with humiliation.
“I am not marrying Madame de St. George and her injury does not concern me in the least,” he said firmly. “She should have been sensible enough to efface herself at once rather than cause such a scene. But we are not going to talk about her; she and her rights of precedence can wait, but misunderstandings between us must not last a moment longer.”
“She was terribly angry,” Henrietta continued, trying to make him understand the ordeal to which she had been subjected. “And she ended by telling me a most dreadful story about what will happen after the banquet tonight.”
Charles looked at her in horror.
“What dreadful story? What has that woman been saying to you?”
“She told me,” Henrietta said, “that it is the custom here for the King and Queen to go to bed in front of the whole Court! If all those strangers are going to come into my bedroom and watch me undressing, I shall die of shame!”
After a moment Charles smiled.
“It is the custom,” he admitted, “but not as terrifying as you think. The ladies prepare you and the gentlemen help me and then we are escorted to our bedroom, wished many blessings, and after we are in bed, everyone leaves. There is no harm in it, my poor little Henrietta, but if it distresses you, I shall forbid it.”
“Oh, do you promise me?” She put one thin arm round his neck and leant her head against his shoulder. There was something very comforting about him, something very tender and protective and not at all forbidding. She could not understand why all her French attendants thought him so reserved. She felt at that moment as if she had found an affectionate elder brother.
“I promise,” he said. “You have nothing to fear.”
She was so slight and so defenceless that he restrained his desire to anticipate the marriage service even by kissing her, and was surprised at the strength of the temptation. It was so strong that he set her down and got up quickly.
“I must leave you,” he said. “It is time to dress now, and we have the rest of our lives to be alone. Until one hour, my dearest Madam.”
He went back to his rooms where his valet and his gentlemen helped him into a suit of white satin, cuffed and collared in priceless lace, and fastened the bright blue sash of the Garter across his chest. Buckingham, dazzling in scarlet and gold came to escort the King to St. Augustine’s Hall, and he left leaning on the Duke’s arm.