About the Author

Philip Bruce Heywood B. Sc (hons), an Australian geologist, set out to teach Origins, and finds himself announcing a range of developments – including the end of the controversy! Science and education are within his fields of interest.

More information, and contact details, go to www.creationtheory.com and www.australiariseup.com. Feedback and criticism are welcome.

Preface

Every scientific controversy has finally been laid to rest through application of fact and observation. Sometimes the controversy itself, to the modern mind, has been bizarre. The concepts of dust transmutation into lice and beef transmutation into maggots were put to bed by the microscope. Faraday, the experimenter, at one time was mired in controversy because political radicals were asserting that life equals electricity – electricity therefore explains God, government, law! Once it was experimentally proven that frogs could not power electric circuits and corpses could not be resurrected through electric shock, radicalism surrendered electricity to electricians!

After two or more centuries of concentrated research and debate, the origin of species can now be put to bed – not because of debate, but because science has advanced. The origins hens are finally coming home to roost, after almost two centuries of audible cackle. Lice do not transmute from dust; electricity does not vivify the dead; and Grandfather was not a chimpanzee. Grandfather was a human. One hundred per cent.

Keep in mind, though, when reading this, that wheat is wheat, rye is rye, and triticale is triticale, yet triticale is a recent breeding outcome of wheat and rye. While reading this, what appear to be new species of simple, single-celled organisms will seemingly come into existence and no one will know exactly where to place them. Snakes are generally acknowledged to be reptiles somehow bereft of their legs, and viruses are morphing every minute yet have no life of their own. Darwinism has a point. The confusion has a reason.

Biochemistry Professor Laurence A. Moran, from his on-line forum, “Sandwalk: Strolling with a Skeptical Biochemist,” July 31, 2009:

“The scientific evidence shows clearly that early . . . genetic relationships among bacteria cannot be accurately represented by a single tree. The proper relationship is a net, network, or a web. Again, this is not controversial among those scientists who are aware of the data. The facts and the conclusion have been around for over a decade. There is no ‘tree of life’ representing the early evolution of life on Earth.”

In claiming “there is no ‘tree of life’ representing the early evolution of life on Earth,” modern biologists are implying that descent from a common ancestor does not agree with observation. The old “tree of life” with its simplistic trunk growing out of the first living cell in the primordial soup, is in the process of reconstruction. The diagram below visualizes modern thinking.

Source: W. Ford Doolittle (2000) ‘Uprooting the tree of life.’ Scientific American, 282(2):90-5. (modified)

The newer tree of life suggested by modern biologists for earliest, simplest life is a complex, multiple-stemmed vine with aerial roots and many lengthy cross-branches. Life, indeed, flowed along various stems, but the branches also represent something not forward in Darwin’s writings – information technology.

Species are an information package, vivified. The vivification – life – is necessary to the information being put into action. Plants and animals are common mineral matter, organized, activated, living, breathing, or transpiring, in some way. Species are defined by their inherent information. The tentative twenty-first century tree of life speaks of information – and life. Life (sap) flowed along those stems, which were the vessels of species revelation. Those species-bearing stems are made up of consecutive species. No part of the tree – no species – genetically reproduced any other species. Pre-existent information, available and applied, resulted in species becoming visibly tangible. Hence, cross-branches and symbolic aerial roots carrying information; and stems carrying life. The life-carrying stems were a species stream.

The source of information and of life is unknown to science. The roots are hidden, once we get down to ground level.

The equation of species with units of information married with life is not new. Darwin’s superior and advisor, Sir Richard Owen, highlighted pre-programming and information-driven transformers before Darwin had published his theory! Owen’s notion, presented to the leading scientists of England, was titled The Law of Progression from the General to the Particular. Owen long pre-dated DNA and the prospect of superior or “quantum” information technology, so could not provide specifics. Today, the specifics are beginning to come into distant view. There is, perhaps, in some sense of the phrase, “no new thing under the sun.” But the cackling can be stopped.

To the Reader

This book is essentially a Bible commentary compiled by a geologist, for teaching Origins. The expectation of the public is that educators will “teach the controversy.” There is no need to teach the controversy. There is no controversy. Science advances, ending confusion.

The Tree of Life and The Origin of the Species was first published in the year 2000. Its content, and especially its predictions, are confirmed by the advance of technology. Hence this new version. The book you have in your hand is the slightly modified original, with confirmation. A science thread runs through the Bible – and technology is bringing it into focus. Updates, confirming the year 2000 original, from the solar system through to the species, are set in red print. Where blind chance fails, science and the scriptures succeed -- before our eyes. Please keep in mind that nothing in the Bible is occupying empty space. The biblical science thread has a scientific purpose – find it in the update which terminates this book.

If faults in facts or reason are discovered, remember that they belong to this book, not The Book.

Acknowledgments

Jennifer MacRae, Alive Magazine, (August 2000).

“a very readable work . . . skillfully shows the scientific facts underlying what many in scientific and educational fields have written off as mere fable.”

***

Darryl Stringer, BS, The Queensland Baptist, (December 2000).

“Although there is a great deal of science included within the pages of this book, the reader does not need to have a broad understanding of science, for Heywood has done an excellent job of simplifying the complex so that everyone can understand the various ideas . . . His goal is not to promote himself or his theory, but to see God glorified.”

***

”This book is a classic ……. As a pastor/youth worker/religious educator for more than 35 years, I commend both the book and its concepts to you.”

Pastor Ian Jack, Assemblies of God, Nambour, Queensland, Australia.

Fast Track to the End of the Controversy – partly an update.

A quotation from an Internet forum:

“A gentleman has written that Genesis says the firmament is a dome that keeps water out, that the Bible says that the Earth pre-dated the remainder of the universe ....... plus ten other misconceptions. Not to detain you – because the topic is so personally powerless, it puts some people to sleep. It was given to me to settle some questions about the way things are set up here – including hints about climate – but getting to Heaven is not an academic proposition.

I shall attempt briefly to explain it. I hope it isn’t as impossible as trying to communicate with Answers in Genesis & co. The word, ‘firmament’, for example, literally means an expanse, or expansion. The materials of which the Earth was formed all came into existence at the time of creation, long before Earth coalesced – as Genesis implies. The word ‘day’, in context, cannot possibly mean twenty-four hours. The Bible is full of statements that Earth is old, not young. Answers in Genesis & co. have been repeatedly advised of the harmony of God’s word and Man’s discovery-- including the fact that the Bible demands a staged revelation over time. Species are information outcomes and the Bible says in black and white that they pre-existed. Information is timeless -- a basic principle of thermodynamics. Quantum information, now a theoretical possibility, appears likely to answer questions. DNA, and therefore species, has to do with quantum information. Darwin wrote a thesis about the origin of species a century out of date relying on the absurd proposition that species incrementally grade into each other. You know that species do not grade into each other; if so, they would not be species. Buy truth, sell it not. You are welcome to criticize my publications, which end the origins controversy.
P.B.H.

Brief Synopsis

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. -- The initiation of space-time.

And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. – Initially, everything was invisible or perhaps opaque, and lacked any structure -- it was ‘waters’.

And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.-- Light or the potential for light was created along with space-time; it merely awaited the divine signal.

And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness. -- Light and darkness presumably were originally homogenous; at this point in time, they were divided or clinically separated. Both darkness and light are created phenomena.

And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. -- Time is already ticking over.

And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. -- The brand new universe is expanding, and gravitational segregation has begun.

Where does the Higgs boson enter?

Initially, everything was stupendously compact and energetic. No object could have been travelling below light speed. According to the known laws of physics, nothing with mass can travel at the speed of light. So, where did the universe get its mass?

Higgs’ formulation places those speeding, future “particles” in a sea of “bosons,” which triggered the mass. Not that it was as if the bosons had any mass to give; these Higgs bosons are real enough if you can catch them with a very fast camera shutter (so to speak) but whether they are really there in our time-governed world is perhaps debatable. Notably, no sooner are they detected, they turn into light photons or some other energy packet.

Another way of visualizing the early universe scenario is perhaps as follows. “In the beginning, space-time was created. Mass did not even exist. Existence itself only existed in the person of God and the created angels. There was nothing here – only void. But that seemingly valueless, dead loss was potent. Matter is organized energy. The energy initially was so brand new none of the organization had yet taken effect; but once matter synthesized from the energy, light began to shine. Until that moment, light could not shine; light and darkness were one.”

The Higgs boson is perhaps most easily thought of simply as time-space interacting with an organizational capacity, which thus manifests as a subatomic particle. Time and the speed of light are intimately involved. Light, of course, is timeless. Below the speed of light, we have our time. Above the speed of light, time theoretically goes backward. So, time and light are involved in giving objects mass; and because mass is mysteriously attracted to mass, we have gravity.

And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: -- The expansion everywhere within the newly created universe continues, but a specialist expansion – ‘the firmament’ – is now introduced. ‘The firmament’ is the expanse we see by standing on the ground and looking up. Initially, of course, there was no ground – only ‘waters’ – instability.

And God said, Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear: ........ .

And God said, Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, and the fruit tree yielding fruit after his kind, whose seed is in itself, upon the earth: and it was so. -- Plant-grade, or, simple life, is essentially as old as Earth and the possibility of it existing before Earth is not ruled out. All plants of every kind (this includes bacteria) were brought into existence at that time – simultaneous with Earth. How could trees have been growing on the early, desolate Earth? They were not! Genesis advises that although all plant life existed, some, if not, all, was initially not tangible or visible. Chapter 2:4: These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens, And every plant of the field before it was in the earth, and every herb of the field before it grew: for the Lord God had not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was not a man to till the ground.

Returning to Chapter One:

And God said, Let there be lights in the firmament of the heaven to divide the day from the night; and let them be for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years: ..... The word, ‘signs’, means, storage and distribution of information or intelligence. Plant and animal species are information or intelligence outcomes, which have been vivified (given life).

An entire division of life can be created, as living species, by placing a living cell on Earth, creating the necessary information, storing the information, and arranging for the information to automatically signal into the living cell. Cells, and, thus species, can be transformed by impartation of new information or intelligence.

And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. -- The accurate English translation of ancient Hebrew involves equal concurrent meaning. Gen.1:20: “And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl that may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.” (equal concurrent) “And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and let fowl fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven.” Now, reproducing Gen.2:19: “And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof.” Verse 20 translates the Hebrew as, “fowl that may fly.” These fowl were brought forth abundantly by the waters. This of course is a direct reference to the Cambrian so-called ‘explosion’, Day 5, approximately 500 million years past. If we take only the equal concurrent listed first, we have a problem with accuracy. “Fowl that may fly” means exactly what it says. Fowl that may fly include birds, bats, flying reptiles – and the most prolific and ancient of all – the insects. Herein the potential contradiction if the equal concurrent is ignored. According to the literal meaning of 1:20, all complex life (i.e., above plant level) leaped into existence on Day 5 -- all of it. Yet it was water-generated and by implication water-based and water-dwelling. This is exactly as the fossil record shows. Large portions of it had not yet appeared, but, excluding (in some vital sense), Man, every species was effectively created, and alive, at that point in time. That is exactly what the Bible demands. On Day 6, already created divisions of life were merely modified, or formed (in the sense of over-formed) of earth. Again, this is precisely as the fossil record shows. The ‘over-forming’ of earth did not cancel the water base. Which division of fowl that may fly was not formed (over-formed) of earth? Squash one! And the insects are far older than the earthy fliers, and first appeared in conjunction with aquatic and amphibious species — long before even the gliding reptiles. Birds, bats, flying reptiles appeared in conjunction with the land animals — Day 6. Comparing now 2:19 against 1:20. Note the changed wording referring to flight—‘fowl of the air’. Real fowl of the air, species that fly strongly and rule the skies. Like all complex life, they are water based, but birds, bats and reptiles are formed out of the ground. They are earthy, as distinct from insects. Where were they at the ‘Cambrian Explosion’, Day 5? They were in existence, as living species, as information, pre-programmed to automatically be transmitted into a living cell. Hence, they were all alive, as the Bible implies of all species. See Gen.2:4 & 5. Man, of course, is exceptional. Genesis could be taken to suggest he more-or-less pre-existed in an embryonic way with God himself. He was ‘put’ (Gen.2:15) in the garden. Not all creatures capable of flight or of the flying category leaped into visible view during the earliest outbreak of complex life. This is the testimony of the fossil record. Gen.1:20 informs the reader that some fowl that may fly, were ‘let fly’, but it is an unspecified generality. As we have learned, there was a category of flying life that the waters brought forth but which was not subsequently brought forth ‘out of the ground’, or ‘formed of earth’ — the old and ubiquitous insects. Gen.2:19 goes on to explain that earthy fliers are associated with the land animals. Thus, the text of Genesis in co-operation with geology gives the origin of all complex (including flying) life at the Cambrian Day 5, says that watery water related flying creatures were a definite aspect of that far-off ‘explosion,’ gives precedence to the insects, and allows for future appearance of the birds, bats, and reptiles, giving them future rule of the air and association in time with land animals.

To follow up on the topics listed below, please consult the comments under the Genesis verses such as these listed beside the topic.

Expanding Universe: 1:6 & 7

Solar System: 1:14-19

Species Origin: 1:11, 20-27

Tree of Life Mechanism: 2:9

Origin of Man: 1:24-27, 2:7-18

The great Flood: chapters 6-9

Climate Change: chapters 6-9, following on from flood comments.