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The rights of Helen Bolitho and Jean Burnett to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs & Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the copyright holder.

Published under licence by Brown Dog Books and The Self-Publishing Partnership, 7 Green Park Station, Bath BA1 1JB

www.selfpublishingpartnership.co.uk

ISBN printed book: 978-1-78545-154-6
ISBN e-book: 978-1-78545-155-3

Cover design by Kevin Rylands
Internal design by Andrew Easton

Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY

INTRODUCTION

Maria Caroline Bolitho (Paget) 1850-1933

‘I wandered about the camp with a handful of matches, cautiously, so as not to take a header over a yak.’ Maria Caroline Bolitho’s insouciant description of checking a frozen campsite at 17,000 feet is typical of her throwaway style. Her diary of an intrepid journey on horseback from Kashmir to Ladakh over towering Himalayan passes is an undiscovered jewel.

Little is known about her, although she was one of the first women to be admitted as a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (together with Gertrude Bell), in 1913. She came from a distinguished Cornish family – Lord Lieutenants of that county. Her handwritten diary on small sheets of notepaper was unearthed from the attic by her descendant, Hilary Bolitho. Sadly, no photograph of Maria Caroline has come to light. We know only that she was ‘tall and gaunt.’

She shared with other distinguished women travellers of the Victorian era an enthusiasm and determination that made light of bodily discomfort. Undeterred by terrible conditions, deep snow and scarcely any food, she remained positive at all times.

‘I am not bothered by the altitude at all,’ she wrote, with evident glee. Her loyal travelling companion, referred to only as ‘the other memsahib,’ suffered considerably, as did many of the local guides, porters, grooms and members of the party. One suspects that they may have regretted joining up with this eccentric and possibly insane European woman who wished to cross the high passes at the wrong time of year.

Miss Bolitho’s aim was to reach the town of Leh, the capital of Ladakh or Little Tibet, in order to witness the celebrated devil dances at the Buddhist monastery of Hemis. Few Westerners had seen this ceremony and fewer, if any, Western women. She and her companion were also able to enter the treasure room of the monastery which had been closed for many years. Her descriptions are vivid and detailed, the flora and fauna of the area are carefully noted, as well as the reactions of the people she meets.

Her descriptions of the local people are amusing and totally politically incorrect. Viewed from the vantage point of the Raj in 1896 locals are always ‘natives,’ there is a constant search for coolies and bearers who often prove disappointing.

The costumes and ornaments of Ladakhi women are strange and described in detail. The women wear so many layers of clothing that they resemble small barrels. Neither men nor women ever change their clothes or wash. The smell in the houses is ‘indescribable.’ Ladakhis are ‘very ugly but cheerful and willing, unlike the handsome but surly Punjabis.’

Miss Bolitho’s pony known as The Clipper, emerges as a character in his own right- highly temperamental and given to stamping on people. The yaks are also individuals, indispensable at the highest levels.

The journey was undertaken in 1896 when Miss Bolitho was forty six. She was no stranger to travel in remote areas. She had made an expedition to Burma on roads infested with bandits. An extract from the Burmese diary is included here. She had been to China where a visit to the Great Wall with her companion, Alice, the other memsahib, resulted in an attack by Boxers who subjected them to ‘vile abuse.’

On one expedition she reached the borders of Tibet which was at that time still forbidden to foreigners. Another journey was undertaken alone on horseback to the rhododendron country of Upper Sikkim. The beauty of the country rewarded her for the discomforts caused by leeches and incessant rain. We know that she visited Japan and spent time in India. In 1899 she married Henry Paget, Commissioner of Police at Calcutta.

Her obituary described her as an adventurous Cornishwoman with an ‘irresistible desire to see for herself the less explored regions of the world.’

If Miss Bolitho had written a book describing her adventures she would surely have taken her place among the well-known female travellers of her time. She was described as an entertaining speaker and writer of magazine articles about her travels, but little has survived.

This little book offers a flavour of her writing and a glimpse of a lost world. The modern traveller no longer struggles over the high Himalayan passes to reach Ladakh. A highway cuts through the mountains and the destination is very popular with the more adventurous backpacker and motor cyclist. Leh now has an airport, but the lamas and the monasteries still remain.

Jean Burnett
Bristol, January 2017