Table of Contents
Cover
Title page
Copyright page
CONTRIBUTORS
COMMON TERMINOLOGIES AND ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER 1 Functional Anatomy of the Equine Musculoskeletal System
ANATOMIC NOMENCLATURE AND USAGE
THORACIC LIMB
HINDLIMB
AXIAL COMPONENTS
CHAPTER 2 Fundamentals of Lameness Diagnosis
DEFINITION OF LAMENESS
CLASSIFICATION OF LAMENESS
WHAT TO LOOK FOR
ANATOMIC PROBLEM AREAS
OCCUPATION-RELATED PROBLEM AREAS
EVALUATION OF FOALS WITH LAMENESS
PERFORMING A PREPURCHASE EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 3 Assessment of the Lame Horse
HISTORY
SIGNALMENT AND USE
VISUAL EXAMINATION AT REST
PALPATION AND MANIPULATION
VISUAL EXAM AT EXERCISE
FLEXION TESTS/MANIPULATION
PERINEURAL ANESTHESIA
INTRASYNOVIAL ANESTHESIA
CHAPTER 4 Imaging
RADIOGRAPHY
ULTRASOUND
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 5 Common Conditions of the Foot
NAVICULAR DISEASE/SYNDROME
FRACTURES OF THE NAVICULAR (DISTAL SESAMOID) BONE
INJURIES TO THE DDFT AND PODOTROCHLEAR APPARATUS
INJURIES TO THE COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS (CLs) OF THE DIP JOINT
OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA) OF THE DIP JOINT
FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL PHALANX (P3, COFFIN BONE)
PEDAL OSTEITIS (PO)
SUBCHONDRAL CYSTIC LESIONS OF THE DISTAL PHALANX (P3)
OSSIFICATION OF THE COLLATERAL CARTILAGE OF THE DISTAL PHALANX (SIDEBONE)
SOLE BRUISES, CORNS, AND ABSCESSES
CANKER
THRUSH
WHITE LINE DISEASE
PENETRATING INJURIES OF THE FOOT
KERATOMA
FOOT IMBALANCES
CLUB FOOT
TOE CRACKS, QUARTER CRACKS, HEEL CRACKS (SAND CRACKS)
LAMINITIS
CHAPTER 6 Common Conditions of the Forelimb
OA OF THE PROXIMAL INTERPHALANGEAL (PIP) JOINT
OSTEOCHONDROSIS (OC) OF THE PIP JOINT
LUXATION/SUBLUXATION OF THE PIP JOINT
FRACTURES OF THE MIDDLE PHALANX (P2)
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANX (P1)
DESMITIS OF THE DISTAL SESAMOIDEAN LIGAMENTS (DSLs)
SDFT AND DDFT INJURIES IN THE PASTERN
OSTEOCHONDRAL (CHIP) FRACTURES OF PROXIMAL P1
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL SESAMOID BONES
SESAMOIDITIS
TRAUMATIC OA OF THE MCP JOINT (OSSELETS)
FETLOCK SUBCHONDRAL CYSTIC LESIONS (SCLs)
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SUSPENSORY APPARATUS
DIGITAL FLEXOR TENDON SHEATH (DFTS) TENOSYNOVITIS
PERIOSTITIS AND FRACTURE OF THE DORSAL METACARPUS (BUCKED SHINS, SHIN SPLINTS, AND STRESS FRACTURE)
MCIII/MTIII CONDYLAR FRACTURES
COMPLETE FRACTURES OF THE MCIII/MTIII (CANNON BONE)
“SPLINTS” OR SMALL MC BONE EXOSTOSIS
FRACTURES OF THE SMALL MC/MT (SPLINT) BONES
SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT (SL) DESMITIS
DEGENERATIVE SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT DESMITIS (DSLD)
SUPERFICIAL DIGITAL FLEXOR (SDF) TENDINITIS (BOWED TENDON)
COMMON DIGITAL EXTENSOR (CDE) TENDON RUPTURE
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS (ECR) TENDON DAMAGE
INTRA-ARTICULAR CARPAL FRACTURES
OA OF THE CARPUS
CARPAL SHEATH TENOSYNOVITIS
FRACTURES OF THE RADIUS
FRACTURES OF THE ULNA
SUBCHONDRAL CYSTIC LESIONS (SCLs) OF THE ELBOW
BURSITIS OF THE ELBOW (OLECRANON BURSITIS)
FRACTURES OF THE HUMERUS
BICIPITAL (INTERTUBERCULAR BURSA) BURSITIS
OSTEOCHONDROSIS (OCD) OF THE SCAPULOHUMERAL (SHOULDER) JOINT
SUPRASCAPULAR NERVE INJURY (SWEENY)
FRACTURES OF THE SUPRAGLENOID TUBERCLE (TUBEROSITY)
CHAPTER 7 Common Conditions of the Hindlimb
DISTAL HINDLIMB AND FOOT
DISTAL TARSAL OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS (OCD) OF THE TARSOCRURAL JOINT
SLAB/SAGITTAL FRACTURES OF THE CENTRAL OR THIRD TARSAL BONES
FRACTURES OF THE TIBIAL MALLEOLI
SUBLUXATIONS/LUXATIONS OF THE TARSAL JOINTS
LUXATION OF THE SDFT FROM THE CALCANEUS
CAPPED HOCK/CALCANEAL BURSITIS
TARSAL SHEATH TENOSYNOVITIS (THOROUGHPIN)
RUPTURE OF THE PERONEUS TERTIUS
STRINGHALT
TIBIAL STRESS FRACTURES
DIAPHYSEAL AND METAPHYSEAL TIBIAL FRACTURES
TIBIAL TUBEROSITY/CREST FRACTURES
FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL TIBIAL PHYSIS
FEMOROPATELLAR OCD
FRACTURES OF THE PATELLA
UPWARD FIXATION OF THE PATELLA (UFP)
SUBCHONDRAL CYSTIC LESIONS (SCLs) OF THE STIFLE
MENISCAL INJURIES
COLLATERAL/CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY
SYNOVITIS/CAPSULITIS/OA OF THE STIFLE
FIBROTIC MYOPATHY
DIAPHYSEAL AND METAPHYSEAL FEMORAL FRACTURES
CAPITAL PHYSEAL FRACTURES OF THE FEMORAL HEAD
COXOFEMORAL LUXATION (DISLOCATION OF THE HIP JOINT)
OA OF THE COXOFEMORAL JOINT
INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS/PHYSITIS OF THE COXOFEMORAL JOINT
CHAPTER 8 Common Conditions of the Axial Skeleton
PELVIC FRACTURES
ILIAL WING FRACTURES
TUBER COXAE FRACTURES
ACETABULAR FRACTURES
FRACTURES OF THE SACRUM AND COCCYGEAL VERTEBRAE
DISEASES OF THE SACROILIAC REGION
OVERRIDING/IMPINGEMENT OF DORSAL SPINOUS PROCESSES
SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT INJURIES
FRACTURES OF THE SPINOUS PROCESSES
VERTEBRAL FRACTURES
DISCOSPONDYLITIS
SPONDYLOSIS
FACET JOINT OA AND VERTEBRAL FACET JOINT SYNDROME
NUCHAL LIGAMENT DESMOPATHY/NUCHAL BURSITIS
CERVICAL FACET JOINT OA
CHAPTER 9 Therapeutic Options
SYSTEMIC/PARENTERAL
TOPICAL/LOCAL
INTRASYNOVIAL
INTRALESIONAL
ORAL/NUTRITIONAL
CORRECTIVE TRIMMING AND SHOEING
CHAPTER 10 Musculoskeletal Emergencies
SEVERE UNILATERAL LAMENESS
SEVERELY SWOLLEN LIMB
LONG BONE FRACTURES/LUXATIONS
SYNOVIAL INFECTIONS
TENDON LACERATIONS
Index
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manual of equine lameness / edited by Gary Baxter.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-8138-1546-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-8138-1546-0 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Lameness in horses. 2. Horses–Diseases. 3. Horses–Wounds and injuries. I. Baxter, Gary M.
[DNLM: 1. Horse Diseases. 2. Lameness, Animal. 3. Horses–injuries. SF 959.L25]
SF959.L25M36 2011
636.1'089758–dc23
2011014377
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDF 9780470960745; ePub 9780470960752; Mobi 9780470960769
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The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. The fact that an organization or website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
Some chapters in this book have been revised from material contributed to Adams and Stashak’s Lameness in Horses, Sixth Edition, by the following authors:
ANNA DEE FAILS, DVM, PHD
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Colorado State University
1345 Center Ave.
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
GARY M. BAXTER, VMD, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Professor Emeritus, Colorado State University
Director, Veterinary Teaching Hospital
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
501 DW Brooks Dr.
Athens, GA 30602-7385
JAMES K. BELKNAP, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine
The Ohio State University
601 Vernon Tharp St.
Columbus, OH 43210
ALEJANDRO VALDÉS-MARTÍNEZ, MVZ, DIPLOMATE ACVR
Assistant Professor
Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Colorado State University
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
W. RICH REDDING, DVM, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
North Carolina State University
College of Veterinary Medicine
4700 Hillsborough St.
Raleigh, NC 27614
MICHAEL SCHRAMME, DRMEDVET, CERTEO, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS AND ECVS
Associate Professor, Equine Surgery
North Carolina State University
College of Veterinary Medicine
4700 Hillsborough St.
Raleigh, NC 27606
ANTHONY P. PEASE, DVM, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVR
Michigan State University
College of Veterinary Medicine
Office G370
East Lansing, MI 48823
ALICIA L. BERTONE, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Trueman Family Endowed Chair and Professor
The Ohio State University
Veterinary Teaching Hospital
601 Vernon Tharp St.
Columbus, OH 43210
CHRIS KAWCAK, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Iron Rose Ranch Chair
Equine Orthopaedic Research Center
Colorado State University
300 West Drake Road
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
JEREMY HUBERT, BVSC, MRCVS, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Colorado State University
300 West Drake
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
KENNETH E. SULLINS, DVM, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Professor of Surgery
Marion DuPont Scott Equine Medical Center
P.O. Box 1938
Leesburg, VA 20177
ROB VAN WESSUM, DVM, MS, CERT PRACT, KNMVD (EQ)
1820 Darling Road
Mason, MI 48854
LAURIE R. GOODRICH, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Associate Professor in Equine Surgery and Lameness
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Colorado State University
300 West Drake
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
TROY N. TRUMBLE, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Assistant Professor
College of Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary Medical Center
University of Minnesota
1365 Gortner Ave., 225 VMC
St. Paul, MN 55108
NICOLAS ERNST, DVM, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Minnesota
1365 Gortner Ave., 225 VMC
St. Paul, MN 55108
ANDREW PARKS MA, VET MB, MRCVS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Professor of Large Animal Surgery
Department of Large Animal Medicine
College of Veterinary Medicine
University of Georgia
501-DW Brooks Dr.
Athens, GA 30602
TERRY D. SWANSON, DVM
Littleton Equine Medical Center
8025 S. Santa Fe Dr,
Littleton, CO 80120
ROBERT A. KAINER, DVM, MS
Professor Emeritus, Anatomy and Neurobiology
Colorado State University
1345 Center Ave.
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
ROBERT J. HUNT, DVM, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVS
Hagyard-Davidson-McGee
4250 Iron Works Pike
Lexington, KY 40511
RICHARD PARK, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVR
Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences
Colorado State University
300 West Drake
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
PHILLIP F. STEYN, BVSC, MS, DIPLOMATE ACVR
Director of Professional Services and Chief Radiologist
Antech Imaging Services
17672-B Cowan Ave.
Irvine, CA 92614
TED S. STASHAK DVM, MS DIPLOMATE ACVS
Professor Emeritus Surgery
Colorado State University
965 Los Alamos Road
Santa Rosa, CA 95409