Contents
Cover
Half Title page
Title page
Copyright page
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Ethnobiology: Overview of a Growing Field
Definition of A Field
An Interdisciplinary Field
Local Biology as Science
Ethnobiology Spreads Out
Ethnobiology Goes International
Moving Toward More Local Participation
Interfacing with Political Ecology
Ethnobiology as Future
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2: History of Ethnobiology
The Beginning
Ethnobotany
Ethnozoology
Stages of Ethnobiology
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Ethics in Ethnobiology: History, International Law and Policy, and Contemporary Issues
Introduction
History of Research Ethics as Related to Ethnobiology
Ethnobiological Ethics and The International Society of Ethnobiology
International Law and Policy Debates and Negotiations
Convention On Biological Diversity: International Regime On Access and Benefit Sharing
Wipo Intergovernmental Committee On Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore (Igc)
Contemporary Issues for Ethnobiologists
References
Chapter 4: From Researcher to Partner: Ethical Challenges and Issues Facing the Ethnobiological Researcher
Introduction
Key Questions for Ethnobiologists
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5: The World According to Is’a: Combining Empiricism and Spiritual Understanding in Indigenous Ways of Knowing
Being Native to A Changeable Place
The Concept of Personhood
Attitudes Towards Predators
The Nature of Creators
References
Chapter 6: Ethnozoology
Definition of Terms and Scope of The Field
A Brief History of Ethnozoological Investigations
Case Studies and Theoretical Issues
References
Chapter 7: Ethnobiology, Historical Ecology, the Archaeofaunal Record, and Interpreting Human Landscapes
Introduction
Zooarchaeological Methods
Zooarchaeological Interpretation of Past Landscapes
An Archaeological Example: Archaeofaunal Accumulation in Western Equador
Summary and Discussion
References
Chapter 8: Ethnobiology as a Bridge between Science and Ethics: An Applied Paleozoological Perspective
Applied Paleozoology
Scales for Restoration and Conservation
Analytical Methods
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Ethnobotany: The Study of People–Plant Relationships
Introduction
The Development of Ethnobotany
Methods in Ethnobotany
Classic Case Studies and Their Contributions to Ethnobotanical Praxis
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Reconstructing Past Life-Ways with Plants I: Subsistence and Other Daily Needs
Introduction
Methods
Case Studies and Examples
Discussion
References
Chapter 11: Reconstructing Past Life-Ways with Plants II: Human–Environment and Human–Human Interactions
Introduction
Methods
Human-Environment Interactions
Human-Human Interrelationships
Discussion
References
Chapter 12: History and Current Trends of Ethnobiological Research in Europe
History of A Discipline
Popular Medicine
Folklore and Plant Name Research
Botanists On Plant Use
Encounters Between Human and Nonhuman Animals
Towards A Science of Ethnobiology in Europe Since 1980
Current Trends
References
Chapter 13: Ethnomycology: Fungi and Mushrooms in Cultural Entanglements
Subjects of The Third Kingdom
The Beginnings and Foundational Principles of Ethnomycology
Methods in Ethnomycology
The Many Rewards of The Third Hunt
Mushrooms in Art and Material Culture
All in One: Medicine, Poison, and Food
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Ethnoecological Approaches to Integrating Theory and Method in Ethnomedical Research
Introduction
Theoretical Perspectives
Ethnography in Anthropological Traditions
Combining Ethnographic and Ecological Approaches
References
Chapter 15: Assessments of Indigenous Peoples’ Traditional Food and Nutrition Systems
Methods
Results
Reflections
References
Chapter 16: Ethnoecology and Landscapes
Introduction
Landscapes and Ethnoecology
References
Chapter 17: Traditional Resource and Environmental Management
Introduction
Defining Traditional Resource and Environmental Management
The Historical and Social Context of Trem
Common Practices
Documenting Trem
Trem in Context
The Future of Trem
References
Chapter 18: Ethnobiology and Agroecology
Definitions
Origins
Agricultural Systems
Agriculture and Ritual
Rehabilitating Swidden Farming
Homegardens
Modern Applications: Biodiversity
Methods
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: Linguistic Ethnobiology
Names, The Foundation of Linguistic Ethnobiology
Classifications, Folk and Scientific
References
Chapter 20: Cognitive Studies in Ethnobiology: What Can We Learn About the Mind as Well as Human Environmental Interaction?
Categorization and Reasoning
Reasoning: Expertise and Culture
What is Culture and How Do We Study It?
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21: The Symbolic Uses of Plants
Introduction
Methods
Sacred Trees and Plants
Flowers as Symbols
The Symbolism of Fruits and Seeds
The Symbolism of Plants in European Paintings
National and Political Symbols
Plants, People, and Color
The Symbolism of Plants in Architecture, Literature, and Music
References
Chapter 22: Learning Ethnobiology: Creating Knowledge and Skills about the Living World
Introduction
A Short History Lesson: Learning Ethnobiology
Work, Play, Learn: Gaining Expertise with The Nonhuman World
Key Insights on Learning Ethnobiology
Methods for Documenting The Process of Learning Ethnobiological Knowledge and Skills
Ethnobiology Inside and Out: Applying What We Know
References
Plates
Index
Copyright © 2011 by Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Ethnobiology / Edited by E. Anderson, Deborah Pearsall, Eugene Hunn, Nancy Turner.
p. cm
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-54785-4 (pbk.)
1. Ethnobiology. I. Anderson, Eugene N. (Eugene Newton), 1941–, editor of compilation. II. Pearsall, Deborah M., 1950–, editor of compilation. III. Hunn, Eugene S., editor of compilation. IV. Turner, Nancy J., 1947–, editor of compilation. V. Ford, Richard I. (Richard Irving). History of ethnobiology.
GN476.7.E745 2011
578.6’3—dc22
2010042296
oBook ISBN: 9781118015872
ePDF ISBN: 9781118015858
ePub ISBN: 9781118015865
List of Contributors
Karen Adams, PhD, Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, Cortez, CO
E. N. Anderson, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside, CA
Kelly Bannister, MSc, PhD, Director, POLIS Project on Ecological Governance, and Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Human and Social Development, University of Victoria, BC
Andrew Barker, MS, Applied Geography, Department of Biology, University of North Texas
Cecil Brown, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Northern Illinois
Luís Manuel Mendonça de Carvalho, PhD, Botanical Museum-Instituto Politecnico de Beja
Iain Davidson-Hunt, PhD, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba
Harvey Eshbaugh, PhD, Department of Botany, Miami University
Nina Etkin, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii
Richard I. Ford, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan
Catherine Fowler, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada-Reno
Michael Gilmore, PhD, Integrative Studies, New Century College, George Mason University
Preston Hardison, BA, Tulalip Tribes of Washington, Tulalip, WA
Christine Hastorf, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley
Eugene Hunn, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington
Leslie Main Johnson, PhD, Dept of Anthropology, Athabaska University
Harriet Kuhnlein, PhD, School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, and Founding Director, Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment
Dana Lepofsky, PhD, Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University
Łukasz Łuczaj, Wild Garden, Pietrusza Wola, Wojaszówka, Poland
Letitia McCune, PhD, unaffiliated
Heather McMillen, PhD, People and Plants International, Bristol, VT
Justin Nolan, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas
Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana, Senior Lecturer, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
Deborah Pearsall, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia
Andrea Pieroni, University of Gastronomic Sciences, Pollenzo/Bra, Italy
Ray Pierotti, PhD, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Global Indigenous Studies, University of Kansas
Charles Randklev, PhD Candidate, Biological Sciences, University of North Texas
Caissa Revilla-Minaya
Norbert Ross, PhD, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University
Susan Smith, PhD, Bilby Research Center, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
Peter Stahl, PhD, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York, Binghamton
Ingvar Svanberg, PhD, Uppsala Centre for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Sweden
Tamara Ticktin, PhD, Department of Botany, University of Hawai’i-Manoa
Nancy Turner, PhD, School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria
Steve Wolverton, PhD (Anthropology), PhD (Environmental Science), Department of Anthropology, University of North Texas
Sveta Yamin-Pasternak, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska-Fairbanks
Rebecca Zarger, PhD, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida
Acknowledgments
We wish to acknowledge the individuals, many of them members of Indigenous and local communities, who gave so much of their time and energy to the research embodied in this volume, and especially to those whose knowledge is detailed in this volume. To these individuals and groups this volume is dedicated. We also thank the universities and other institutions and granting agencies that supported this research. We are very grateful to Ms. Anna Ehler and the staff at Wiley-Blackwell Publishers for all their dedicated work on the production of this volume.