Contents
Associate Editors
Paulette M. Gillig
Professor of Psychiatry and Director of Rural Psychiatry Division
Department of Psychiatry
Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine
Dayton, OH
USA
Eric R. Kandel
University Professor, Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Physics
Fred Kavli Professor and Director, Kavli Institute for Brain Science
Senior Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
USA
David A. Mrazek
Professor of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
USA
H. Jonathan Polan
Adjunct Associate Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
USA
Michelle B. Riba
Clinical Professor
Department of Psychiatry
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
USA
Steven P. Roose
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
USA
Bruce J. Rounsaville
Professor of Psychiatry
Director of Research, Division of Substance Abuse
Department of Psychiatry
Yale University
New Haven, CT
Director, Veterans’ Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center
West Haven, CT
USA
Andrew E. Skodol
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
USA
William H. Sledge
George D. and Esther S. Gross Professor of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry
Yale University
Medical Director, Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hospital
New Haven, CT
USA
Robert J. Ursano
Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience
Center for Traumatic Stress
Chair, Department of Psychiatry
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Bethesda, MD
USA
Assistant Editor
Melissa Arbuckle
Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons
New York, NY
USA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Psychiatry / edited by Allan Tasman … [et al.]. – 3rd ed.
p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-06571-6 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Psychiatry. I. Tasman, Allan, 1947– [DNLM: 1.
Mental Disorders. 2. Human Development. 3. Physician-Patient Relations. 4. Psychiatry–methods.
5. Psychotherapy. WM 140 P975 2008]
RC454.P7816 2008
616.89–dc22
2008001332
ISBN-13 978-0-470-06571-6 (HB)
Dedications
With love and thanks to Cathy, Joshua, David and Sarah and to my parents, Goodie and Zelda, for your love and support.
Allan
To my wife Rena, to my children Sarah, Rachel and Jonathan, and to my mother Miriam, for their enduring love and support.
Jerry
To my father Howard (RIP) and mother Ruth who inspired me; and to my wife Rosemarie and sons Jonathan and Jeremy who supported me then and now.
Jeffrey
To my wife, Leslee, and my parents, David and Reda, for all of your love and support.
Michael
To my wife Piera, my son Federico and my parents Federico and Olga for their love and support.
Mario
Volume 1
Contributors
Anissa Abi-Dargham
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Henry D. Abraham
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Waltham, MA, USA
Adekunle G. Ahmed
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
David G. Amaral
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Dima Amso
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Sonia Ancoli-Israel
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
Jules Angst
Zurich University Psychiatric Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
Martin M. Antony
Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Gordon J. G. Asmundson
University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Thomas F. Babor
Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
Thomas C. Baghai
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Jennifer R. Baker
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
Mark S. Bauer
VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
William R. Beardslee
Department of Psychiatry, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Fred Beauvais
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Jean C. Beckham
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Alan S. Bellack
VISN 5 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Donna S. Bender
Institute for Mental Health Research, Phoenix, AZ, USA
David M. Benedek
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Kathy R. Berenson
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Heather Berlin
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Ellen Berman
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
David Bienenfeld
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
William V. Bobo
Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Robert J. Boland
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Neil W. Boris
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Department of Community Health Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Alan Breier
Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, IN, USA
Evelyn J. Bromet
Departments of Psychiatry and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Timothy A. Brown
Center for Anxiety Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Richard P. Brown
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Gerard E. Bruder
Department of Psychology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Rachel J. Bryant-Waugh
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
Robert P. Cabaj
San Francisco Community Behavioral Health Services, San Francisco, CA, USA
Deborah L. Cabaniss
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Joseph R. Calabrese
Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
David A. Casey
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
Kenneth Certa
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Chia-Hui Chen
Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
Cezar Cimpeanu
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
John F. Clarkin
Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital, White Plains, NY, USA
Keith H. Claypoole
Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, USA
Robert B. Clyman
Kempe Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA
Arnold M. Cooper
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Francine Cournos
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Sara W. Cullen
School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Jonathan R. T. Davidson
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Paul Desan
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
Mantosh J. Dewan
Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Darin D. Dougherty
Department of Psychiatry,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Geraldine Downey
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Ronald Duman
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Jonathan E. Dunn
San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
Deidre M. Edwards
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Jane L. Eisen
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Stuart J. Eisendrath
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Rif S. El-Mallakh
Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
Richard S. Epstein
F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Milton Erman
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Avastra USA, Inc., Laguna Hills, CA, USA
Amit Etkin
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Kelly N. Fahl
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Ayman Fanous
Department of Psychiatry, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Hossein Fatemi
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
John P. Fedoroff
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Morgan Feibelman
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
Alan D. Felix
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Project Reachout, Goddard-Riverside Community Center, New York, NY, USA
Susan J. Fiester
Bethesda, MD, USA
W. Wolfgang Fleischacker
Department of Biological Psychiatry, Innsbruck University Clinics, Innsbruck, Austria
Michael B. First
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Anne M. Fleming
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Amanda M. Flood
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
Peter Fonagy
UCL Psychoanalysis Unit, University College London, London, UK
Lisa Maria E. Frantsve
Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
Edward S. Friedman
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Sandra L. Friedman
Division of Developmental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Robert L. Frierson
Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
Paul J. Fudala
Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA, USA
Andrew C. Furman
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Robert M. Galatzer-Levy
Chicago Psychoanalytic Institute, Chicago, IL, USA
Patricia L. Gerbarg
Department of Psychiatry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
Paulette Marie Gillig
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Sybil A. Ginsburg
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Anthony J. Giuliano
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Ira D. Glick
Department of Psychiatry and Bchavior Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
Roger P. Greenberg
Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Laurence L. Greenhill
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Stanley I. Greenspan
Interdisciplinary Council for Developmental and Learning Disorders, George Washington University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, George Washington University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, USA
Thomas A. Grieger
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
James L. Griffith
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
Roland R. Griffiths
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Heinz Grunze
School of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Psychiatry, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
Jaswant Guzder
Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Patrick J. Haggard
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Kathryn L. Hale
Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Jeffrey M. Halperin
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
John H. Halpern
Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
Derrick A. Hamaoka
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
John Hardy
Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Carlos A. Hernandez-Avila
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
Ralph E. Hoffman
Yale-New Haven Psychiatric Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
Michael F. Hogan
New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany, NY, USA
Kevin Ann Huckshorn
National Association of State Mental Hospital Program Directors,
Alexandria, VA, USA
Lawrence B. Inderbitzen
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Zahinoor Ismail
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Iliyan Ivanov
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Mark E. James
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
James M. Jaranson
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
G. Eric Jarvis
Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Daniel C. Javitt
Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
Dilip V. Jeste
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
Charles Y. Jin
Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Denise Kandel
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Maria Karayiorgou
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Marianne C. Kastrup
Centre Transcultural Psychiatry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
Abigail Kay
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Jerald Kay
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Rena L. Kay
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Courtney Pierce Keeton
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
Martin B. Keller
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University,
Providence, RI, USA
David E. Kemp
Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
Robert D. Kerns
Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
Ronald C. Kessler
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Helen G. Kim
Department of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Laurence J. Kirmayer
Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ami Klin
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Kim Klipstein
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
William M. Klykylo
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Robert Kohn
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
George F. Koob
Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
Susan G. Kornstein
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
Thomas R. Kosten
Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Amy E. Lawrence
Center for Anxiety Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Joseph E. LeDoux
Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Harriet P. Lefley
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Douglas S. Lehrer
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
James L. Levenson
Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, VA, USA
Frances R. Levin
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Stephen B. Levine
Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Beachwood, OH, USA
Steven T. Levy
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Roberto Lewis-Fernández
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Jeffrey A. Lieberman
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Michael L. Liebowitz
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Keh-Ming Lin
Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
Margaret T. Lin
Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Downey, CA, USA
Walter Ling
David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Sarah H. Lisanby
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
David A. Lowenthal
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Christopher P. Lucas
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Rachel E. Maddux
Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
José R. Maldonado
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford, CA, USA
Stephen R. Marder
Semel Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
John C. Markowitz
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Kim J. Masters
College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Randi E. McCabe
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Elinore F. McCance-Katz
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Thomas H. McGlashan
Yale Psychiatric Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Patrick J. McGrath
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
James McPartland
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Hunter L. McQuistion
Division of Integrated Psychiatric Services, St Luke’s and Roosevelt Hospitals, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Michael J. Meaney
Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Thomas W. Meeks
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Herbert Y. Meltzer
Division of Psychopharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
Glenn A. Melvin
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Kathleen R. Merikangas
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, MD, USA
David B. Merrill
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Juan E. Mezzich
International Center for Mental Health and Division of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York University, New York, NY, USA
David J. Miklowitz
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Jeffrey M. Miller
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Elsa G. E. Mirasol
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Seiya Miyamoto
Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
Paul C. Mohl
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Wanda K. Mohr
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
Holly M. Moore
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
David P. Moore
Frazier Rehab Institute, Louisville, KY, USA
Ann K. Morrison
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
David A. Mrazek
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Stephanie N. Mullins-Sweatt
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Kerim M. Munir
Division of Developmental Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Philip R. Muskin
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
David J. Muzina
Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
J. Craig Nelson
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
David N. Neubauer
Psychiatry Mobile Treatment Services, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
Jeffrey H. Newcorn
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Benjamin R. Nordstrom
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Edward V. Nunes
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Ahmed Okasha
WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training in Mental Health, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
John M. Oldham
Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
Maria A. Oquendo
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Brooke S. Parish
Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
Jayendra K. Patel
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Michele T. Pato
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Natalya Paykina
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State
Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Teri Pearlstein
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Women’s Behavioral Health Program, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Katharine A. Phillips
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Emma H. C. Piepenstock
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
Debra A. Pinals
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Christopher Pittenger
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
H. Jonathan Polan
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Bruce G. Pollock
Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Kelly Posner
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Wilfrid Noel Raby
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Mark Hyman Rapaport
Department of Psychiatry, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Judith L. Rapoport
National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Scott L. Rauch
McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
Nancy Raymond
Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Chad J. Reissig
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Arnold D. Richards
New York Psychoanalytic Institute, New York, NY, USA
Stephanie A. Riolo
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Eva Ritvo
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
Trevor W. Robbins
Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
Sally J. Rogers
Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Steven P. Roose
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Neil Rosenberg
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, NIDA, Bethesda, MD, USA
Erik J. Roskes
Forensic Treatment and Correctional Services, Springfield Hospital Center, Sykesville, MD, USA
Ralph E. Roughton
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Cécile Rousseau
Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Stefan Rowny
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
John L. R. Rubenstein
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Maria Angeles Ruiperez
Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon, Spain
Bret R. Rutherford
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Sanjay Sabnani
Hythiam, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
Fabian M. Saleh
UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
Judith Samuels
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Richard D. Sanders
Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA
Alan Schatzberg
Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Michael Scheeringa
Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Lon S. Schneider
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Cornelius Schüle
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
Kurt Schulz
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Beth Seelig
Emory University Psychoanalytic Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
Larry J. Seidman
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Kevin A. Sevarino
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
David Shaffer
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Theodore Shapiro
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Vanshdeep Sharma
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Charles W. Sharp
Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Reasearch, NIDA, Bethesda, MD, USA
M. Katherine Shear
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
John E. Showalter
Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Edward K. Silberman
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
Larry B. Silver
Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
Daphne Simeon
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Andrew E. Skodol
Institute for Mental Health Research, Phoenix, AZ, USA
William H. Sledge
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
Lois Slovik
Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Newton, MA, USA
Scott A. Small
Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
David E. Smith
San Francisco Prometa Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Henry F. Smith
Psychoanalytic Institute of New England, Boston, MA, USA
Michael W. Smith
Department of Psychiatry, HarborUniversity of California Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
Phyllis Solomon
School of Social Policy and Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Stephen M. Sonnenberg
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Matt W. Specht
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
David Spiegel
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine,
Standford, CA, USA
Margaret Spinelli
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Brian Stafford
Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
Barbara H. Stanley
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Brett N. Steenbarger
Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Marc L. Steinberg
Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Donna E. Stewart
University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Michael H. Stone
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Walter N. Stone
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, OH, USA
James J. Strain
Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Ludwik S. Szymanski
Division of Developmental Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Pierre N. Tariot
Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Steven Taylor
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Howard Tennen
Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center,
Farmington, CT, USA
Michael E. Thase
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Mauricio Tohen
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Martha C. Tompson
Department of Psychology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Kenneth E. Towbin
Division of Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Psychiatry and Bahavioral Sciences, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
Jane A. Ungemack
Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of
Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
Robert J. Ursano
Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
Amy M. Ursano
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
George Vaillant
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Susan C. Vaughan
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Simone N. Vigod
University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Fred R. Volkmar
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Nora D. Volkow
National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, USA
John T. Walkup
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
B. Timothy Walsh
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
Philip S. Wang
Division of Services and Intervention Research, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Daniel S. Weiss
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Donald R. Wesson
Hythiam, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
Christina G. Weston
Department of Psychiatry, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA
Alexander Westphal
Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
Thomas A. Widiger
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
Serena Wieder
Interdisciplinary Council for Developmental and Learning Disorders, George Washington University Medical School, Bethesda, MD, USA
Maija L. Wilska
Rinnekoti Foundation, Espoo, Finland
George E. Woody
Substance Abuse Treatment and Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Jesse H. Wright
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
Roy Yaari
Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Kimberly A. Yonkers
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Shu-Han Yu
Division of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan
Sean H. Yutzy
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Jamil Zaki
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
Charles H. Zeanah
Institute of Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
Douglas Ziedonis
Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Preface to this Edition
Time and science march on, and thus, a new edition of Psychiatry is now before you. The advances in our field continue at a rapid pace, with an ongoing transformation of our understanding of brain and mental functioning, and the development of ever more sophisticated treatments. We continue to feel tremendous gratitude to our colleagues, whose acceptance of Psychiatry has led to it becoming a leading reference text around the world.
This edition is marked not only by extensive revision of all chapters, and by the addition of many new chapters, but also by a major restructuring of the book. Where before there were seven major sections, there are now nine, reflecting both the expansion of our knowledge base, and what we believe will be a more useful organization of the material.
With all the revising and restructuring though, our philosophical preference continues to emphasize an integrative approach to both understanding psychopathology and providing treatment. And, as always, we hold to the view that the context of our understanding and intervention remains the therapeutic alliance we develop and maintain with our patients.
You will also see that we have expanded our panel of editors, reflecting both the breadth of the field, and the increasingly international scope of our work. Our two new editors are Michael First, MD and Mario Maj, MD. Professor Michael First in New York is an internationally known psychiatrist in the area of diagnostic classification, and one of the leaders in the development of the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR. Professor Mario Maj is chair of psychiatry at the University of Naples, Italy, an internationally known scholar in several areas, and incoming president of the World Psychiatric Association.
Psychiatry’s success and international acceptance reflects the outstanding contributions of several hundred of the most eminent and scholarly group of colleagues with whom one could ever hope to work. As always, their diligence and commitment to excellence made the work of the section editors and editors much easier than one might imagine. Great thanks go to all the authors and section editors, who deserve the highest accolades for the quality of this work.
Thanks also go to all those at Wiley-Blackwell involved in the publication of this work. Special thanks go to Joan Marsh, Andrew Spong, Layla Paggetti, Jill Hawthorne, and Kerry Powell for their commitment to the project. None of the editors could have accomplished their work without the devoted assistance of their home-based secretaries and assistants, all of whom have our thanks.
Most importantly, special thanks go to our families, who, once again, tolerated hours of our reviewing manuscripts and correcting proofs, hours which otherwise would have been spent with them.
ALLAN TASMAN, MD
JERALD KAY, MD
JEFFREY A. LIEBERMAN, MD
MICHAEL B. FIRST, MD
MARIO MAJ, MD