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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Principles of clinical gastroenterology / edited by Tadataka Yamada; associate editors, David H. Alpers . .. [et al.]. p.; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-6910-3
1. Gastrointestinal system—Diseases. 2. Liver—Diseases. 3. Gastroenterology. I. Yamada, Tadataka. II. Alpers, David H.
[DNLM: 1. Gastrointestinal Diseases. 2. Liver Diseases. WI140 P957 2008] RC801.P753 2008 616.3’3—dc22
2008000954
ISBN: 978-1-4051-6910-3
Contributors
David A. Ahlquist, MD
Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine;
Consultant, Division of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
James E. Allison, MD, FACP, AGAF
Clinical Professor of Medicine Emeritus
University of California, San Francisco;
Division of Gastroenterology
San Francisco General Hospital;
Adjunct Investigator, Kaiser Division of Research
San Francisco, California, USA
Anthony J. Bauer, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Klaus Bielefeldt, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Andres T. Blei, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Hepatology
Feinberg School of Medicine
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Randall W. Burt, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Utah School of Medicine;
Senior Director for Prevention and Outreach
Huntsman Cancer Institute
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Roger F. Butterworth, PhD, DSC
Director, Neuroscience Research Unit
Hôpital Saint-Luc
University of Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Louis A. Chaptini, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
Cooper University Hospital
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Camden, New Jersey, USA
Ray E. Clouse, MD
Professor of Medicine and Psychiatry
Late of Division of Gastroenterology
Washington University School of Medicine;
Physician, late of Department of Medicine
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
St Louis, Missouri, USA
John A. Donovan, MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, USA
Andrew W. DuPont, MD, MSPH
Assistant Professor, Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
The University of Texas Medical Branch
Galveston, Texas, USA
Grace H. Elta, MD
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Robert J. Fontana, MD
Associate Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, MD
Professor of Medicine
Section of Digestive Diseases
Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut;
Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System
West Haven, Connecticut, USA
Ralph A. Giannella, MD
Mark Brown Professor of Medicine
Division of Digestive Diseases
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
David Y. Graham, MD
Professor of Medicine and Molecular Virology
and Microbiology
Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical
Center
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, USA
Edward G. Grant, MD
Professor and Chair
Department of Radiology
Keck School of Medicine
University of Southern California
Los Angeles, California, USA
Chandra Prakash Gyawali, MD, MRCP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Associate Program Director
Division of Gastroenterology
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, USA
William L. Hasler, MD
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Gerald Holtmann, MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
University of Adelaide;
Director, Department of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Royal Adelaide Hospital
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Willemijntje A. Hoogerwerf, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
John M. Inadomi, MD
Dean M. Craig Endowed Chair in
Gastrointestinal Medicine
Director, GI Health Outcomes, Policy and
Economics (HOPE) Research Program
University of California, San Francisco;
Chief, Clinical Gastroenterology
San Francisco General Hospital
San Francisco, California, USA
Samuel Klein, MD
William H. Danforth Professor of Medicine and
Nutritional Science
Center for Human Nutrition
Washington University School of Medicine
St Louis, Missouri, USA
Jeffrey M. Lackner, PsyD
Assistant Professor
University at Buffalo
The State University of New York
Buffalo, New York, USA
John D. Long, MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Section on Gastroenterology
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
Emeran A. Mayer, MD
UCLA Center for Neurovisceral Sciences and
Women’s Health
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, USA
Raphael B. Merriman, MD, MRCPI
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, USA
Rebecca M. Minter, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Richard H. Moseley, MD
Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System;
Chief, Medical Service
Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor
Healthcare System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Michael W. Mulholland, MD, PhD
Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Bruce D. Naliboff, PhD
UCLA Center for Neurovisceral Sciences and
Women’s Health
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, USA
Deborah W. Neklason, PhD
Research Assistant Professor
Department of Oncological Sciences
Huntsman Cancer Institute
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Pankaj Jay Pasricha, MD
Professor of Medicine
Chief, Division of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, California, USA
Steven R. Peikin, MD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases
Cooper University Hospital
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Camden, New Jersey, USA
Marion G. Peters, MD
John V. Carbone, MD, Endowed Chair in Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of California, San Francisco
San Francisco, California, USA
Satish S.C. Rao, MD, PhD, FRCP
Professor of Medicine
Director, Neurogastroenterology and
Gastrointestinal Motility
University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine
Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Joel E. Richter, MD
Richard L. Evans Chair and Professor
Department of Medicine
Temple University School of Medicine
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Hugo Rosen, MD, FACP
Waterman Professor of Medicine and Immunology
Endowed Chair in Liver Research
Division Head, Gastroenterology and Hepatology
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Aurora, Colorado, USA
Sammy Saab, MD, MPH
Head, Outcomes Research in Hepatology
Associate Professor of Medicine and Surgery
David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, USA
Philip S. Schoenfeld, MD, MSEd,
MSc(Epi)
Associate Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology;
Director, Training Program in Gastrointestinal
Epidemiology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Angela Schwab, MS, CGC
Cardiovascular Research Manager
Intermountain Healthcare
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Andrew H. Soll, MD
Professor, David Geffen School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles;
Attending Physician, Veterans Affairs Greater
Los Angeles Healthcare System
Los Angeles, California, USA
Cindy Solomon, MS, CGC
MELARIS Product Manager
Myriad Genetic Laboratories
Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
Mimi Takami, MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Nicholas J. Talley, MD, PhD
Chair, Department of Internal Medicine
Mayo Clinic Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida;
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
Consultant, Division of Gastroenterology
and Hepatology
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Beth Taylor, MS, RD, CNSD
Nutrition Support Specialist
Barnes-Jewish Hospital
St Louis, Missouri, USA
Ryan M. Taylor, MD, MSC
Fellow
Department of Internal Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Javier Vaquero, MD
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Neuroscience Research Unit
Hôpital Saint-Luc
University of Montreal
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Graeme P. Young, MD, FRACP
Professor of Gastroenterology
Department of Medicine
Flinders University of South Australia;
Director, Department of Gastroenterology
Flinders Medical Centre
Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Preface
The Textbook of Gastroenterology was launched over 20 years ago, and from the beginning it was designed to be an encyclo pedic discussion of all of the disease states encountered in clinical practice by gastroenterologists, internists, surgeons, and other clinicians who see patients with gastrointestinal and liver disorders. A major component of the Textbook was a section that described the approaches a clinician might take to common symptoms and signs presented by patients with such disorders. This section has proved to be an invaluable resource for students, house officers, and practitioners who are not primarily gastroenterologists. To meet the needs of these readers more effectively we have expanded on the con cept embodied in the chapters comprising that section of the Textbook and formatted them into a separate textbook in its own right, which we have titled Principles of Clinical Gastroenterology. It is designed to inform the reader on the fea tures of the major clinical disorders in gastroenterology and hepatology, from the point of view of the clinician observing signs and symptoms of a patient under care and manage ment. We hope that the Principles will be a practical guide to diagnosis and decision making in clinical practice and pro vide a rich source of information on diseases of the gastroin testinal tract and the liver. Of course, we refer the reader of the Principles to the Textbook for in-depth discussion of the basic science underlying these diseases, as well as the many diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available to the patients who suffer from them.
We are delighted to have a new publisher, Wiley-Blackwell, for this edition. Their keen insight into the publishing indus try and the way in which textbooks are utilized today has been the basis for creating the Principles. We are also grateful for their knowledge of the international world of medicine, which will help us to distribute the contents of the Principles to a global audience. The editors would like especially to thank Elisabeth Dodds at Wiley-Blackwell, whose commit ment to excellence has contributed materially to the quality of the book. In addition, without the assistance of Alison Brown the Principles would not have been published.
Our efforts were especially facilitated by the expert assis tance of Lori Ennis and Barbara Boughen, who collaborated as a team complementing editorial talents with interpersonal skills, to maintain the high quality of the text and deliver the manuscripts in a timely fashion. The editors are indebted to their administrative and secretarial assistants, Patricia Lai, Terri Astin, Jennifer Mayes, Sue Sparrow, Patty Poole, Gracie Bernal-Muñoz, and Maria L. Vidrio.
Tadataka Yamada, MD