This edition first published 2011
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A companion to Greek mythology/edited by Ken Dowden and Niall Livingstone.

p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to the ancient world)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-1178-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Mythology, Greek. 2. Greece–Religion.
I. Dowden, Ken, 1950– II. Livingstone, Niall.

BL783.C66 2011

398.20938–dc22

2010041346

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

This book is published in the following electronic formats: ePDFs [ISBN 9781444396942]; Wiley Online Library [ISBN 9781444396928]; ePub [ISBN 9781444396935]

Notes on Contributors
 

JEAN ALAUX () is Professor of Greek Language and Literature at the Université Rennes II. His work focuses in particular on Homeric epic, tragedy, and Greek representations of identity and kinship. His publications include Le Liège et le filet: filiation et lien familial dans la tragédie athénienne (Paris 1995), Lectures tragiques d’Homère (Paris 2007), Origine et horizon tragiques (Paris 2007). He has also edited a collection of essays on Euripides’ Phoenician Women (Les Phéniciennes: la famille d’Oedipe entre mythe et politique, Paris 2007).
 

NICHOLAS J. ALLEN () studied first classics, then medicine, before qualifying in social anthropology at Oxford; his DPhil was based on ethnographic fieldwork in Nepal. From 1976–2001 he lectured at Oxford, where he became Reader in the Social Anthropology of South Asia. He has published on the Himalayas, kinship theory, the Durkheimian School, and Indo-European Cultural Comparativism – see, for instance, his Categories and Classifications (New York, Oxford 2000). Since retirement he has concentrated on the last three topics.
 

RICHARD H. ARMSTRONG () is Associate Professor of Classical Studies at the University of Houston. He is author of A Compulsion for Antiquity: Freud and the Ancient World (Ithaca 2005). Recent publications include: ‘Freud and the Drama of Oedipal Truth’, in K. Ormand (ed.) A Companion to Sophocles (forthcoming); ‘Marooned Mandarins: Freud, Classical Education, and the Jews of Vienna’, in S. A. Stephens and P. Vasunia (eds) Classics and National Cultures (Oxford 2010); and ‘Being Mr. Somebody: Freud and Classical Education’, in A. D. Richards (ed.) The Jewish World of Sigmund Freud (Jefferson, NC 2010).
 

JAN N. BREMMER () is Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Groningen. Amongst his publications are Greek Religion (Oxford 1994), The Rise and Fall of the Afterlife (London 2002), Greek Religion and Culture, the Bible and the Ancient Near East (Leiden 2008), and The Rise of Christianity through the Eyes of Gibbon, Harnack and Rodney Stark (Groningen 2010). His research interests include Greek, Roman, Early Christian, and contemporary religion.
 

CLAUDE CALAME () is Director of Studies at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. Most of his books have been translated into English, for instance, Choruses of Young Women in Ancient Greece (Lanham MD, London 1997), The Poetics of Eros in Ancient Greece (Princeton, Chichester 1999), Poetic and Performative Memory in Ancient Greece (Cambridge MA 2009), and most recently, Greek Mythology. Poetics, Pragmatics and Fiction (Cambridge 2009). He is currently working on a book on Greek tragedy seen in the perspective of choral song.
 

KEN DOWDEN () is Professor of Classics and Director of the Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity at the University of Birmingham. He writes on Greek mythology (Uses of Greek Mythology (London, New York 1992)), religion (European Paganism (London, New York 2000); Zeus (London, New York 2006)), on historians – usually of Greek mythic times – for the Brill New Jacoby, and on many aspects of the Latin and Greek novels, particularly Apuleius and Heliodoros, often in the pages of Ancient Narrative.
 

RADCLIFFE G. EDMONDS III () is Associate Professor of Greek, Latin, and Classical Studies at Bryn Mawr College. His current research interests include mythology, religion, and Platonic philosophy, especially the marginal categories of magic and Orphism within Greek religion. He has published Myths of the Underworld Journey: Plato, Aristophanes, and the ‘Orphic’ Gold Tablets (Cambridge 2004) and edited a volume of essays entitled The ‘Orphic’ Gold Tablets and Greek Religion: Further Along the Path (Cambridge 2010).
 

MATTHEW FOX () studied in Oxford and Berlin, and from 1992 to 2007 lectured in Classics at the University of Birmingham. He is now Professor of Classics at the University of Glasgow. He has written two books, Roman Historical Myths (Oxford 1996), and Cicero’s Philosophy of History (Oxford 2007). He has also published on ancient rhetorical theory, on gender, and on the state of Classical studies in the eighteenth century.
 

FRITZ GRAF () is Distinguished University Professor of Greek and Latin at the Ohio State University. He has worked on Greek and Roman religion, myth and magic, often with an eye on the epigraphical record. In recent years, he has also become interested in early Christianity and its interactions with the polytheistic cults of Greece and Rome. His books include Greek Mythology (Baltimore 1993), Magic in the Ancient World (Cambridge MA 1999), Apollo (London, New York 2008), and, with Sarah Iles Johnston, Ritual Texts for the Afterlife (London, New York 2007).
 

ALAN GRIFFITHS () is a Senior Honorary Research Fellow at University College London, where he taught in the Department of Greek and Latin for nearly forty years. He now lives in Derbyshire, attempting to manage five computers (running Linux) and two cats (running wild). His interests cover all forms of ancient narrative with a special focus on Herodotos, on whose third book he is writing a commentary; also Greek poetry, myth, and art.
 

BIRGIT HASKAMP () studied Near Eastern Archaeology and Assyriology at Heidelberg University and is currently Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Birmingham. Her interests range from the history and archaeology of Mesopotamia to the languages, culture, and history of the Hittite Empire. Together with Alasdair Livingstone she is currently working on a cultural history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.
 

DIETER HERTEL () is Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Cologne. He received his PhD at the University of Bonn. His research interests include the Roman portrait art of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, the archaeology and history of Troy and of the whole Aiolis. He is presently conducting a project of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft on the so-called Aiolian Colonization including a new publication – documents and finds – of the old British excavations at Antissa, Lesbos (W. Lamb).
 

FRANÇOISE LÉTOUBLON () is Professor of Greek Literature and Linguistics at the Université Stendhal, Grenoble. She is the author of Il allait, pareil à la nuit. Les Verbes de mouvement en grec: supplétisme et aspect verbal (Paris 1985) and of Les Lieux communs du roman (Leiden 1993). She has edited La Langue et les textes en grec ancien. Colloque Pierre Chantraine (Amsterdam 1993), Impressions d’îles (Toulouse 1996), Hommage à Milman Parry: le style formulaire de l’épopée homérique et la théorie de l’oralité poétique (Amsterdam 1997), Homère en France après la Querelle (Paris 1999). She is currently working on Homeric poetry, oral poetry, mythology, and their reception, from antiquity (Greek novels) to modern times (for instance in Angelopoulos’ films).
 

SIAN LEWIS () is Senior Lecturer in Ancient History at the University of St Andrews. Her research interests lie in Greek social and political history; she is the author of The Athenian Woman: An Iconographic Handbook (London 2002) and co-editor of The World of Greek Vases (Rome 2009), and has recently published a survey, Greek Tyranny (Bristol 2009).
 

ALASDAIR LIVINGSTONE () is Reader in Assyriology at the University of Birmingham and specializes in the cultural history and languages of the ancient Near East. He has worked extensively on Mesopotamian mythology and is the author of Mystical and Mythological Explanatory Works of Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars (Oxford 1986) and the Court Poetry and Literary Miscellanea volume in the State Archives of Assyria series (Helsinki 1989). He is currently preparing an edition of Assyrian and Babylonian hemerologies and menologies.
 

NIALL LIVINGSTONE () studied at Christ Church, Oxford where he also gained his DPhil. He taught at Oxford and St Andrews before joining the University of Birmingham in 1999, where he is now Senior Lecturer in Classics. His research is mainly on the history of literature and thought in the Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period, with a focus on the performance culture of democratic Athens. His publications include Pedagogy and Power (co-edited with Y. L. Too, Cambridge 1998), A Commentary on Isocrates’ Busiris (Leiden 2001), and a Greece & Rome New Survey of Epigram (co-authored with G. Nisbet, Cambridge 2010).
 

NANNO MARINATOS () has a double specialism in Minoan and Early Greek religion, with a great interest in Egyptology. She is the author of six books: Thucydides and Religion (Königstein 1981), Art and Religion in Thera (Athens 1984), Minoan Sacrificial Ritual (Stockhold 1986), Minoan Religion (Columbia SC 1993), The Goddess and the Warrior (London, New York 2000), Minoan Kingship and the Solar Goddess (Urbana 2009). Since 2000 she has been Professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
 

ANATOLE MORI () received her PhD from the University of Chicago and is an associate professor of Classical Studies at the University of Missouri, Columbia. Her research addresses the historical context of Greek poetry, particularly the political aspects of early Hellenistic literary culture. Recent publications include The Politics of Apollonius Rhodius’ Argonautica (Cambridge 2008), as well as contributions to I. Worthington (ed.) A Companion to Greek Rhetoric (Malden, MA, Oxford 2007), P. McKechnie and P. Guillaume (eds), Ptolemy II Philadelphus and his World (Leiden 2008), and Brill’s New Jacoby.
 

PENELOPE MURRAY () read Classics at Newnham College, Cambridge, where she also took her PhD, and was a founder member of the department of Classics at the University of Warwick. She works on Greek poetry and poetics, especially the views of Plato, on ancient literary criticism and on the Muses. Her books include Plato on Poetry (Cambridge 1996), Classical Literary Criticism (new Penguin edn 2000, reprinted 2004), and Music and the Muses: The Culture of Mousike in the Classical Athenian City (ed. with P. Wilson, Oxford 2004). She is currently working on the Blackwell Companion to Ancient Aesthetics (with Pierre Destrée).
 

ZAHRA NEWBY () Reader in Classics and Ancient History at the University of Warwick. Her research focuses on ancient art within its broader cultural contexts. In addition to publishing a number of articles, she is author of Greek Athletics in the Roman World. Victory and Virtue and co-editor (with Ruth Leader-Newby) of Art and Inscriptions in the Ancient World. She is currently working on a book on the uses of Greek myth in Roman art.
 

IAN RUTHERFORD () is professor of Greek at the University of Reading. His major interests are in early Greek poetry and religion, ancient Anatolia, and Greco-Egyptian literature. He is the author of Pindar’s Paeans (Oxford 2001) and co-editor of Seeing the Gods: Pilgrimage in Graeco-Roman and Early Christian Antiquity (with J. Elsner, Oxford 2005), of Anatolian Interfaces (with B. J. Collins and M. Bachvarova, Oxford 2008) and of Wandering Poets in Ancient Greek Literature (with R. Hunter, Cambridge 2009).
 

SUSAN WOODFORD () taught Greek and Roman art at the University of London and does research in the Greek and Roman Department of the British Museum. She writes scholarly articles and books for students and the general public such as The Parthenon (Cambridge 1981), The Art of Greece and Rome (Cambridge 2004²), An Introduction to Greek Art (London 1986), The Trojan War in Ancient Art (London 1993), and Images of Myths in Classical Antiquity (Cambridge 2003; winner of the Criticos Prize 2003).
 

NICOLAS WYATT (), received his PhD from Glasgow in 1977 and DLitt from Edinburgh in 2008, and is Emeritus Professor of Ancient Near Eastern Religions in the University of Edinburgh. He has written numerous articles in Ugaritic and Old Testament studies. Amongst his books are Myths of Power (Münster 1996), Space and Time in the Religious Life of the (ancient) Near East (Sheffield 2001), Religious Texts from Ugarit (Sheffield 1998 [2002²]), The Mythic Mind (Sheffield 2005), and The Archaeology of Myth (Sheffield 2010).