Series Editors, Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman
Essentials of 16 PF® Assessment
by Heather E.-P. Cattell and James M. Schuerger
Essentials of ADHD Assessment for Children and Adolescents
by Elizabeth P. Sparrow and Drew Erhardt
Essentials of Assessment Report Writing
by Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Nancy Mather, Nadeen L. Kaufman, and Alan S. Kaufman
Essentials of Assessment with Brief Intelligence Tests
by Susan R. Homack and Cecil R. Reynolds
Essentials of Autism Spectrum Disorders Evaluation and Assessment
by Celine A. Saulnier and Pamela E. Ventola
Essentials of Bayley Scales of Infant Development–II Assessment
by Maureen M. Black and Kathleen Matula
Essentials of Behavioral Assessment
by Michael C. Ramsay, Cecil R. Reynolds, and R. W. Kamphaus
Essentials of Career Interest Assessment
by Jeffrey P. Prince and Lisa J. Heiser
Essentials of CAS Assessment
by Jack A. Naglieri
Essentials of Cognitive Assessment with KAIT and Other Kaufman Measures
by Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Debra Broadbooks, and Alan S. Kaufman
Essentials of Conners Behavior Assessments™
by Elizabeth P. Sparrow
Essentials of Creativity Assessment
by James C. Kaufman, Jonathan A. Plucker, and John Baer
Essentials of Cross-Battery Assessment, Third Edition
by Dawn P. Flanagan, Samuel O. Ortiz, and Vincent C. Alfonso
Essentials of DAS-II® Assessment
by Ron Dumont, John O. Willis, and Colin D. Elliot
Essentials of Dyslexia Assessment and Intervention
by Nancy Mather and Barbara J. Wendling
Essentials of Evidence-Based Academic Interventions
by Barbara J. Wendling and Nancy Mather
Essentials of Executive Functions Assessment
by George McCloskey and Lisa A. Perkins
Essentials of Forensic Psychological Assessment, Second Edition
by Marc J. Ackerman
Essentials of IDEA for Assessment Professionals
by Guy McBride, Ron Dumont, and John O. Willis
Essentials of Individual Achievement Assessment
by Douglas K. Smith
Essentials of KABC-II Assessment
by Alan S. Kaufman, Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger, Elaine Fletcher-Janzen, and Nadeen L. Kaufman
Essentials of Millon™ Inventories Assessment, Third Edition
by Stephen Strack
Essentials of MMPI-A™ Assessment
by Robert P. Archer and Radhika Krishnamurthy
Essentials of MMPI-2® Assessment, Second Edition
by David S. Nichols
Essentials of Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® Assessment, Second Edition
by Naomi Quenk
Essentials of NEPSY®-II Assessment
by Sally L. Kemp and Marit Korkman
Essentials of Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition
by Nancy Hebben and William Milberg
Essentials of Nonverbal Assessment
by Steve McCallum, Bruce Bracken, and John Wasserman
Essentials of PAI® Assessment
by Leslie C. Morey
Essentials of Planning, Selecting, and Tailoring Interventions for Unique Learners
edited by Jennifer T. Mascolo, Dawn P. Flanagan, and Vincent C. Alfonso
Essentials of Processing Assessment, Second Edition
by Milton J. Dehn
Essentials of Response to Intervention
by Amanda M. VanDerHeyden and Matthew K. Burns
Essentials of Rorschach® Assessment
by Tara Rose, Nancy Kaser-Boyd, and Michael P. Maloney
Essentials of School Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition
by Daniel C. Miller
Essentials of Specific Learning Disability Identification
by Dawn Flanagan and Vincent C. Alfonso
Essentials of Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (SB5) Assessment
by Gale H. Roid and R. Andrew Barram
Essentials of TAT and Other Storytelling Assessments, Second Edition
by Hedwig Teglasi
Essentials of Temperament Assessment
by Diana Joyce
Essentials of WAIS®-IV Assessment, Second Edition
by Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Alan S. Kaufman
Essentials of WIAT®-III and KTEA-II Assessment
by Elizabeth O. Lichtenberger and Kristina C. Breaux
Essentials of WISC®-IV Assessment, Second Edition
by Dawn P. Flanagan and Alan S. Kaufman
Essentials of WJ III™ Cognitive Abilities Assessment, Second Edition
by Fredrick A. Schrank, Daniel C. Miller, Barbara J. Wendling, and Richard W. Woodcock
Essentials of WJ III™ Tests of Achievement Assessment
by Nancy Mather, Barbara J. Wendling, and Richard W. Woodcock
Essentials of WMS®-IV Assessment
by Lisa Whipple Drozdick, James A. Holdnack, and Robin C. Hilsabeck
Essentials of WNV™ Assessment
by Kimberly A. Brunnert, Jack A. Naglieri, and Steven T. Hardy-Braz
Essentials of WPPSI™-IV Assessment
by Susan Engi Raiford and Diane Coalson
Essentials of WRAML2 and TOMAL-2 Assessment
by Wayne Adams and Cecil R. Reynolds
Cover image: © Greg Kuchik/Getty Images
Cover design: Wiley
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Raiford, Susan Engi.
Essentials of WPPSI-IV assessment / Susan Engi Raiford, Diane L. Coalson.
pages cm.—(Essentials of psychological assessment)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-38062-8 (pbk.)
ISBN 978-1-118-70540-7 (ebk.)
ISBN 978-1-118-86981-9 (ebk.)
1. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. 2. Children—Intelligence testing. 3. Child development—Testing. I. Coalson, Diane L. II. Title.
BF432.5.W424R35 2014
155.42'3393—dc
232014002696
To my loving husband, Robert James Raiford—my rock:
I could easily list you as a contributor to this book.
To my bright, sweet son, George Dennis Raiford—my pride and joy: Thank you for your understanding and patience while Mommy was working.—S. E. R.
To my parents, Jacqueline J. Coalson and Robert E. Coalson, for teaching me the
true value of education and for their self-sacrificing support of my efforts to obtain one.
To my husband, David A. Shafer, for marrying me, despite full knowledge
of my work habits and numerous quirks. Your love and encouragement
make the impossible possible.—D. L. C.
We are indebted to a number of individuals upon completion of this book. We wish to acknowledge those who provided book content first and foremost. Drs. Ron Dumont and John Willis authored Chapter 5, which reviews the pros and cons of the WPPSI-IV. We appreciate their objective evaluation, which will be helpful to readers in evaluation of the test. We are grateful to Mark Engi for his expert advice about the psychometric analyses performed in Chapter 6, which reviews the demographic group differences in WPPSI-IV scores. We appreciate Dr. Kristina Breaux and Cliff Wigtil for their clinical acumen in the areas of learning disabilities and intellectual giftedness, respectively, and for coauthoring the illustrative case reports in Chapter 8. We thank Stephanie Tong, Erik Gallemore, and Kathleen Rollins for providing the Test Yourself questions for seven of the eight chapters. We are thankful to Dr. Ou Zhang, who developed the norms for the seven additional composite scores that appear on the CD and in the WPPSI-IV Interpretive Assistant 1.0, and for Dr. J. J. Zhu, who reviewed and confirmed the quality of his work. We are grateful to Dr. Tommie Cayton for reading and commenting on all content, and for his encouragement of our professional development.
We wish to acknowledge the support of some outstanding colleagues at Pearson, without whom this book would not have been possible. We thank William Schryver, senior licensing specialist at Pearson, for his speedy, expert handling of the numerous permissions requests we submitted. We are grateful to Paula Oles, director of Q-global at Pearson, and Tiffany Jen, UX intern at Pearson, for providing us with high-quality art that illustrates use of the WPPSI-IV Scoring Assistant on Q-global. We are also appreciative of Dr. Larry Weiss, vice president of test development at Pearson, for approving our use of the WPPSI-IV final data.
We are also grateful to the outstanding professionals at John Wiley & Sons who were instrumental in this book's completion. We appreciate Marquita Flemming for her review of the initial proposal and support of it to the board at Wiley, and her support of us as we strove to complete the manuscript. We are grateful to our editorial program coordinator, Sherry Wasserman, who deserves recognition for her expertise and guidance in manuscript preparation. We greatly appreciate Tom Caruso for serving as production editor, and we thank the team at Cape Cod Compositors for their excellent copyediting services.
On a personal note, we wish to thank our loving spouses Robert Raiford and David Shafer for carrying the responsibilities of family and home so that we could be free to write. We are especially grateful to Robert for the many evenings and weekends he cared for their son, George, so Susie could work on the book. Most importantly, we are indebted to Drs. Alan and Nadeen Kaufman for agreeing to give us an opportunity to write our very own book about the WPPSI-IV and for providing guidance, review, and encouragement throughout the process. We appreciate them for creating the Essentials series and for their collective, groundbreaking work on the Intelligent Testing With the WISC-R and Intelligent Testing With the WISC-III books, and on numerous Essentials volumes (with Elizabeth Lichtenberger and Dawn Flanagan) on the Wechsler intelligence scales. Finally, we wish to thank Dr. David Wechsler. We hope that he would be proud of our work on the WPPSI-IV, and of this book.
Susan Engi Raiford and
Diane L. Coalson
In the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, we have attempted to provide the reader with books that will deliver key practical information in the most efficient and accessible style. The series features instruments in a variety of domains, such as cognition, personality, education, and neuropsychology. For the experienced clinician, books in the series offer a concise yet thorough way to master utilization of the continuously evolving supply of new and revised instruments, as well as a convenient method for keeping up-to-date on the tried-and-true measures. The novice will find here a prioritized assembly of all the information and techniques that must be at one's fingertips to begin the complicated process of individual psychological diagnosis.
Wherever feasible, visual shortcuts to highlight key points are utilized alongside systematic, step-by-step guidelines. Chapters are focused and succinct. Topics are targeted for an easy understanding of the essentials of administration, scoring, interpretation, and clinical application. Theory and research are continually woven into the fabric of each book, but always to enhance clinical inference, never to sidetrack or overwhelm. We have long been advocates of “intelligent” testing—the notion that a profile of test scores is meaningless unless it is brought to life by the clinical observations and astute detective work of knowledgeable examiners. Test profiles must be used to make a difference in the child's or adult's life, or why bother to test? We want this series to help our readers become the best intelligent testers they can be.
In Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment, Susie Engi Raiford and Diane L. Coalson—the WPPSI-IV research directors—offer an insider's perspective on the scale's conceptualization, development, administration, and scoring. New Behind the Scenes boxes are incorporated to provide unprecedented insight into the new subtests and the test development process.
Anyone who assesses young children is well familiar with the inherent challenges of obtaining accurate and adequate test data for this challenging population. The authors, who have rich clinical as well as research experience, apply an interpretive approach that is flexible to the real constraints and challenges that practitioners encounter when testing younger children. The approach describes performance in both normative and intrapersonal contexts and facilitates interpretive case formulations from multiple theoretical and clinical perspectives. In addition to coverage of the published composite scores, several additional composite scores aimed at facilitating WPPSI-IV interpretation from a variety of theoretical approaches are supplied; these extra composite scores are especially valuable in those situations where the published comparison scores may not be available or appropriate for a specific child.
The companion CD-ROM automates the basic interpretive approach that is described in Chapter 4 of this book using software that automates derivation and analysis of these newly developed scores. Tools are also supplied in the CD-ROM to enhance WPPSI-IV administration and report writing.
We are excited to add Essentials of WPPSI-IV Assessment to our book series. Of special value is the fact that Drs. Raiford and Coalson are Wechsler experts across the entire age range; they were also research directors for the development and standardization of the WAIS-IV and are currently serving that same key function for the WISC-V.
Alan S. Kaufman, PhD, and Nadeen L. Kaufman, EdD, Series Editors
Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine