CHRONOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
FURTHER READING
Part One
ZARATHUSTRA’S PROLOGUE
ZARATHUSTRA’S DISCOURSES
Of the Three Metamorphoses
Of the Chairs of Virtue
Of the Afterworldsmen
Of the Despisers of the Body
Of Joys and Passions
Of the Pale Criminal
Of Reading and Writing
Of the Tree on the Mountainside
Of the Preachers of Death
Of War and Warriors
Of the New Idol
Of the Flies of the Market-Place
Of Chastity
Of the Friend
Of the Thousand and One Goals
Of Lave of One’s Neighbour
Of the Way of the Creator
Of Old and Young Women
Of the Adder’ Bite
Of Marriage and Children
Of Voluntary Death
Of the Bestowing Virtue
Part Two
The Child with the Mirror
On the Blissful Islands
Of the Compassionate
Of the Priests
Of the Virtuous
Of the Rabble
Of the Tarantulas
Of the Famous Philosophers
The Night Song
The Dark Song
The Funeral Song
Of Self-Overcoming
Of the Sublime Men
Of the Land of Culture
Of Immaculate Perception
Of Scholars
Of Poets
Of Great Events
The Prophet
Of Redemption
Of Manly Prudence
The Stillest Hour
Part Three
The Wanderer
Of the Vision and the Riddle
Of Involuntary Bliss
Before Sunrise
Of the Virtue that Makes Small
On the Mount of Olives
Of Passing By
Of the Apostates
The Home-Coming
Of the Three Evil Things
Of the Spirit of Gravity
Of Old and New Law – Tables
The Convalescent
Of the Great Longing
The Second Dance Song
The Seven Seals (or: The Song of Yes and Amen)
Part Four
The Honey Offering
The Cry of Distress
Conversation with the Kings
The Leech
The Sorcerer
Retired from Service
The Ugliest Man
The Voluntary Beggar
The Shadow
At Noontide
The Greeting
The Last Supper
Of the Higher Man
The Song of Melancholy
Of Science
Among the Daughters of the Desert
The Awakening
The Ass Festival
The Intoxicated Song
The Sign
NOTES
FOLLOW PENGUIN
A BOOK FOR EVERYONE
AND NO ONE
TRANSLATED
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
R. J. Hollingdale
THUS SPOKE ZARATHUSTRA
FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE was born near Leipzig in 1844, the son of a Lutheran clergyman. He attended the famous Pforta School, then went to university at Bonn and at Leipzig, where he studied philology and read Schopenhauer. When he was only twenty-four he was appointed to the chair of classical philology at Basle University; he stayed there until his health forced him into retirement in 1879. While at Basle he made and broke his friendship with Wagner, participated as an ambulance orderly in the Franco-Prussian War, and published The Birth of Tragedy (1872), Untimely Meditations (1873–6) and the first part of Human, All Too Human (1878; two supplements entitled Assorted Opinions and Maxims and The Wanderer and his Shadow followed in 1879 and 1880 respectively). From 1880 until his final collapse in 1889, except for brief interludes, he divorced himself from everyday life and, supported by his university pension, he lived mainly in France, Italy and Switzerland. The Dawn appeared in 1881 followed by The Gay Science in the autumn of 1882. Thus Spoke Zarathustra was written between 1883 and 1885, and his last completed books were Ecce Homo, an autobiography, and Nietzsche contra Wagner. He became insane in 1889 and remained in a condition of mental and physical paralysis until his death in 1900.
R. J. HOLLINGDALE translated eleven of Nietzsche’ books and published two books about him; he also translated works by, among others, Schopenhauer, Goethe, E. T. A. Hoffman, Lichtenberg and Theodor Fontane, many of these for Penguin Classics. He was the honorary president of the British Nietzsche Society. R. J. Hollingdale died on 28 September 2001. In its obituary The Times described him as ‘Britain’s foremost postwar Nietzsche specialist’ and the Guardian paid tribute to his ‘inspired gift for German translation’. Richard Gott wrote that he ‘brought fresh generations – through fluent and intelligent translation – to read and relish Nietzsche’s inestimable thought’.
| 1844 | 15 October. Friedrich Wilhekn Nietzsche born in the parsonage at Rocken, near Lützen, Germany, the first of three children of Karl Ludwig, the village pastor, and Fraziska Nietzsche, daughter of the pastor of a nearby village. |
| 1849 | 27 July. Nietzsche’ father dies. |
| 1850 | The Nietzsche family moves to Naumberg, in Thuringia, in April. Arthur Schopenhauer publishes Essays, Aphorisms and Maxims. |
| 1856 | Birth of Freud. |
| 1858 | The family moves to No. 18 Weingarten. Nietzsche wins a place at the prestigious Pforta grammar school. |
| 1860 | Forms a literary society, ‘Germania’, with two Naumberg friends. Jacob Burckhardt publishes The Civilisation of the Renaissance in Italy. |
| 1864 | Enters Bonn University as a student of theology and philology. |
| 1865 | At Easter, Nietzsche abandons the study of theology having lost his Christian belief. Leaves Bonn for Leipzig, following his former tutor of philology, Friedrich Ritschl. Begins to read Schopenhauer. |
| 1867 | First publication, ‘Zur Geschichte der Theognideischen Spruchsammlung’ (The History of the Theognidia Collection) in the Rheinische Museum fir Philiogie. Begins military service. |
| 1868 | Discharged from the army. Meets Richard Wagner. |
| 1869 | Appointed to the chair of classical philology at Basle University having been recommended by Ritschl. Awarded a doctorate by Leipzig. Regular visitor at Wagners’ home in Tribschen. |
| 1870 | Delivers public lectures on The Greek Music Drama’ and ‘Socrates and Tragedy’. Serves as a medical orderly with the Prussian army where he is taken ill with diphtheria. |
| 1871 | Applies unsuccessfully for the chair of philology at Basle. His health deteriorates. Takes leave to recover and works on The Birth of Tragedy. |
| 1872 | The Birth of Tragedy published (January). Public lectures ‘On the Future of our Educational Institutions’. |
| 1873 | Untimely Meditations I: David Strauss published. |
| 1874 | Untimely Meditations II: On the Use and Disadvantage of History for Life and III: Schopenhauer as Educator published. |
| 1875 | Meets Peter Gast, who is to become his earliest ‘disciple’. Suffers from ill-health leading to a general collapse at Christmas. |
| 1876 | Granted a long absence from Basle due to continuing ill-health. Proposes marriage to Mathilde Trampedach but is rejected. Untimely Meditations IV: Richard Wagner in Bayreuth published. Travels to Italy. |
| 1878 | Human, All Too Human published. His friendship with the Wagners comes to an end. |
| 1879 | Assorted Opinions and Maxims published. Retires on a pension from Basle due to sickness. |
| 1880 | The Wanderer and his Shadow and Human, All Too Human II published. |
| 1881 | Dawn published. |
| 1882 | The Gay Science published. Proposes to Lou Andreas Salome and is rejected. |
| 1883 | 13 February. Wagner dies in Venice. Thus Spoke Zarathustra I and II published. |
| 1884 | Thus Spoke Zarathustra HI published. |
| 1885 | Zarathustra IV privately printed. |
| 1886 | Beyond Good and Evil published. |
| 1887 | On the Genealogy of Morals published. |
| 1888 | The Wagner Case published. First review of his work as a whole published in the Bern Bund. Experiences some improvement in health but this is short-lived. |
| 1889 | Suffers mental collapse in Turin and is admitted to a psychiatric clinic at the University of Jena. Twilight of the Idols published and Nietzsche contra Wagner privately printed. |
| 1890 | Nietzsche returns to his mother’ home. |
| 1891 | Dithyrambs of Dionysus published. |
| 1894 | The Anti-Christ published. The ‘Nietzsche Archive’ founded by his sister, Elisabeth. |
| 1895 | Nietzsche contra Wagner published. |
| 1897 | 20 April. Nietzsche’s mother dies; and Elisabeth moves Nietzsche to Weimar. |
| 1900 | 25 August Nietzsche dies. Freud publishes Interpretation of Dreams. |
| 1901 | Publication of The Will to Power, papers selected by Elisabeth and Peter Gast. |
| 1908 | Ecce Homo published. |