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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Harmon, Sharon Koomen, 1964- author.
    The codes guidebook for interiors/Sharon Koomen Harmon, IIDA ; Katherine E. Kennon, AIA — Sixth edition.
        pages cm
    Includes index.
    Summary: “The Codes Guidebook for Interiors, Sixth Edition is the standards reference of choice for designers and architects, and the only guide devoted exclusively to codes applicable to interiors”— Provided by publisher.
    ISBN 978-1-118-80936-5 (hardback); 978-1-118-80979-2 (ebk.); 978-1-118-80987-7 (ebk.)
        1. Building laws—United States. 2. Buildings—Specifications—United States. 3. Interior architecture—Specifications—United States. I. Kennon, Katherine E., author. II. Title.
    KF5701.H37 2014
    343.7307′8624—dc23

2014011433

CONTENTS

INSET INDEX

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

INTRODUCTION HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

Definitions
Using Codes in the Design Process
Organization of the Book
Available Codes And Standards
Prescriptive and Performance
Accessibility Regulations
Sustainability Requirements
Figures in the Book
Getting Started
Minimum Requirements

CHAPTER 1 ABOUT THE CODES

A Brief History
Code Publications
Federal Regulations
Standards Organizations
State and Local Codes
Interior Codes Checklist

CHAPTER 2 OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS AND LOADS

Understanding Occupancy Classifications
Comparing the Codes
Description of Occupancies
New versus Existing Occupancies
More Than One Occupancy Type
Accessibility Requirements
Determining Occupant Loads
Using the Occupant Load
Checklist

CHAPTER 3 CONSTRUCTION TYPES AND BUILDING SIZES

Understanding Construction Types
Comparing the Codes
Combustible versus Noncombustible
Determining Construction Types
Sustainability Considerations
Understanding Building Height and Area
Height and Area Limitations

CHAPTER 4 MEANS OF EGRESS

Comparing the Codes
Means of Egress Components
Exit Accesses
Exits
Areas of Refuge
Exit Discharges
Means of Egress Capacity
Arrangement of Exits
Signage
Emergency Lighting and Communication
Checklist

CHAPTER 5 FIRE AND SMOKE RESISTANT ASSEMBLIES

Comparing the Codes
Compartmentation in a Building
Fire Walls
Fire Barriers, Horizontal Assemblies, and Fire Partitions
Smoke Barriers and Smoke Partitions
Opening Protectives
Through-Penetration Protectives
Test Ratings
Using Rated Materials and Assemblies
Sustainability Considerations
Checklist

CHAPTER 6 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

Comparing the Codes
Detection Systems
Alarm Systems
Extinguishing Systems
Sustainability Considerations
Checklist

CHAPTER 7 PLUMBING AND MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS

Comparing Plumbing Codes
Number of Plumbing Fixtures
Plumbing Fixture Requirements
Toilet and Bathing Facilities
Plumbing Sustainability Considerations
Comparing Mechanical Codes
Mechanical Requirements
Mechanical Sustainability Considerations
Checklist

CHAPTER 8 ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION REQUIREMENTS

Comparing Electrical Codes
Electrical Components and Devices
Grounding and Circuit Interrupters
Light Fixtures
Required Electrical Systems
Electrical Sustainability Considerations
Comparing Communication Codes
Communication Components and Devices
Types of Communication Systems
Communication Sustainability Considerations
Checklist

CHAPTER 9 FINISH AND FURNITURE SELECTION

Types of Finishes and Furnishings
Comparing the Codes
Standards and Testing
Determining Finish Classifications
Obtaining Test Results
Accessibility Requirements
Other Code Restrictions
Sustainability Considerations
Checklist

CHAPTER 10 CODE OFFICIALS AND THE CODE PROCESS

Authority Having Jurisdiction
Code Enforcement
The Code Process
Documentation And Liability
Future Technology

APPENDIX A ACCESSIBILITY AND THE ADA

Places Requiring Accessibility
Original Adaag
New Ada Standard
Level of Compliance
Regulation and Enforcement
Responsibility for Compliance

APPENDIX B SUSTAINABILITY

Green Rating Systems
Sustainable Standards and Certification Programs
Life Cycle Assessments
Environmental Product Declarations
Additional Tools

APPENDIX C EXISTING AND HISTORIC BUILDINGS

Existing Buildings
Historic Buildings
Sustainability Considerations

APPENDIX D FAMILY RESIDENCES

Construction Types and Building Size
Means of Egress
Fire and Smoke Resistance
Fire Protection
Plumbing
Mechanical
Electrical and Communication
Finishes and Furniture
Accessibility Considerations
Sustainability Considerations

BIBLIOGRAPHY (BY TOPIC)

GLOSSARY

INDEX

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

List of Illustrations

Introduction

Figure I.1 Comparison of design and code process.

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Comparison of code publications. (This chart is a summary of 2012 publications from the International Code Council^® and the National Fire Protection Association that pertain to interior projects. Neither the ICC^® nor the NFPA assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.) NFPA 101^®, Life Safety Code^®, and NFPA 5000^®, Building Construction and Safety Code^® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA.
Figure 1.2 Comparison of building codes and Life Safety Code^®. (This chart is a summary of information contained in the 2012 editions of the International Building Code^®, the NFPA 5000^®, and the Life Safety Code^®. Neither the ICC nor the NFPA assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.)
Figure 1.3 Comparison of sustainability publications. (This chart is a summary of information contained in the ICC International Green Construction Code and the ANSI/ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1. The various organizations do not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.)
Figure 1.4 Comparison of accessibility publications. (This chart is a summary of information contained in the ICC A117.1 standard, the ADA Standards, and Chapter 11 of the IBC. The ICC and the Access Board do not assume responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.)
Figure 1.5 Interior codes and standards checklist.

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Interior codes affected by occupancy.
Figure 2.2 Comparison of occupancy classifications. (This chart is a summary of information contained in the 2012 editions of the International Building Code^®, the NFPA 5000^®, and the Life Safety Code^®. Neither the ICC nor the NFPA assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.)
Figure 2.3 Mixed occupancies: Horizontally and vertically (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.4 Incidental use versus accessory occupancy (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.5 Accessory versus occupancy examples (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.6 Mixed occupancies in the IBC: Separated and non-separated (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.7 Multiple occupancies in the NFPA codes: Mixed and separated.
Figure 2.8 International Building Code Table 1004.1.1, Maximum Floor Area Allowances per Occupant (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 2.9 Occupancy load example: Single occupancy (Library) (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.10 Occupant load example: Primary and secondary spaces.
Figure 2.11 Occupant load example: Mixed/multiple occupancy building (1 square foot = 0.0929 square meter).
Figure 2.12 Occupant load example: Occupancies with fixed seats.
Figure 2.13 Occupancy checklist.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 International Building Code Table 601, Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements for Building Elements (hours) (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 3.2 Comparison of construction types. (This chart is a summary of information contained in the International Building Code and the NFPA 220. Neither the ICC nor the NFPA assumes responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of this chart.)
Figure 3.3 Typical construction type characteristics.
Figure 3.4 International Building Code Table 503, Allowable Building Height and Areas (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Means of egress components.
Figure 4.2 Means of egress in a typical building.
Figure 4.3 Typical clearances at doors.
Figure 4.4 Typical clearances at doorways.
Figure 4.5 Typical stair requirements: Treads and risers.
Figure 4.6 Typical stairway requirements: Clearances.
Figure 4.7 Typical handrail (Type I) and guard sections.
Figure 4.8 Typical handrail and guard requirements.
Figure 4.9 Typical ramp requirements.
Figure 4.10 International Building Code Table 1018.2, “Minimum Corridor” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 4.11 Typical corridor requirements.
Figure 4.12 Typical aisle and aisle accessway requirements: Tables and chairs.
Figure 4.13 Horizontal exit examples.
Figure 4.14 Exit passageway examples.
Figure 4.15 Area of refuge examples.
Figure 4.16 Required number of exits.
Figure 4.17 International Building Code Table 1015.1, “Spaces with One Exit or Exit Access Doorway,” and Table 1021.2(2), “Stories with One Exit or Access to One Exit for Other Occupancies” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 4.18 Number of exits example (multi-story building).
Figure 4.19 Life Safety Code Table 7.3.3.1, “Capacity Factors” (Reprinted with permission from NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code®, Copyright © 2011, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.)
Figure 4.20 Egress width for a mixed occupancy building (nonsprinklered building).
Figure 4.21 Egress and aisle widths for movable tables and chairs (sprinklered building, occupant load [OL] = 100).
Figure 4.22 Half-diagonal rule example: Building.
Figure 4.23 Half-diagonal rule example: Tenant and floor.
Figure 4.24 International Building Code Table 1016.1, “Exit Access Travel Distance” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 4.25 Travel distance example: Tenant space (sprinklered building).
Figure 4.26 Travel distance example: Building (hotel) (sprinklered building).
Figure 4.27 International Building Code Table 1014.3, “Common Path of Egress Travel” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 4.28 Exit sign location example.
Figure 4.29 Means of egress checklist.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Common NFPA standards for building materials and assemblies.
Figure 5.2 International Building Code Table 706.4, “Fire Wall Fire-Resistance Ratings” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.3 Fire barriers, horizontal assemblies, and fire partitions.
Figure 5.4 Fire areas: Single floor and multiple floors.
Figure 5.5 International Building Code Table 707.3.9, “Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements for Fire Barrier Assemblies or Horizontal Assemblies Between Fire Areas” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.6 International Building Code Table 508.4, “Required Separation of Occupancies (Hours)” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.7 Occupancy and dwelling unit separation (nonsprinklered building).
Figure 5.8 International Building Code Table 509, “Incidental Uses” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.9 Rated building components (nonsprinklered building).
Figure 5.10 Rated means of egress components (nonsprinklered building).
Figure 5.11 International Building Code Table 1018.1, “Corridor Fire-Resistance Rating” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.12 International Building Code Table 716.5, “Opening Fire Protection Assemblies, Ratings and Markings” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.13 Types of regulated opening protectives.
Figure 5.14 Typical label for a fire-rated door assembly. Reprinted with permission from Ceco Door Products.
Figure 5.15 International Building Code Table 7.16.6, “Fire Window Assembly Fire Protection Ratings” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.16 International Building Code Table 717.3.2.1, “Fire Damper Rating” (2012 International Building Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 5.17 Summary of tests for rated assemblies and materials.
Figure 5.18 UL fire resistant assembly example (Reprinted from the 2013 Fire Resistance Directory, Volume 1, with permission from Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Copyright © 2013 Underwriters Laboratories Inc.®).
Figure 5.19 Fire resistance checklist.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Common NFPA standards for fire protection systems.
Figure 6.2 Typical manual fire alarm box mounting requirements.
Figure 6.3 Example of travel distance to fire extinguishers.
Figure 6.4 Typical fire extinguisher and cabinet-mounting requirements.
Figure 6.5 Orientation of sprinkler heads (Line drawings reprinted with permission from Viking Group [www.vikingcorp.com]).
Figure 6.6 Common sprinkler trade-offs.
Figure 6.7 Fire protection checklist.

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 International Plumbing Code^® (IPC^®) Table 403.1, “Minimum Number of Required Plumbing Fixtures” (2012 International Plumbing Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 7.2 Typical accessible plumbing fixture dimensions: Water closets and urinals.
Figure 7.3 Typical accessible plumbing fixture dimensions: Lavatories, sinks, and drinking fountains.
Figure 7.4 Typical accessible plumbing fixture dimensions: Bathtubs and showers.
Figure 7.5 Accessible single-toilet facility: Out-swinging door example. (See also Figures 7.2, 7.3, 7.8, 7.9, and 7.10 for accessible fixture and accessory heights and Figure 7.2 for vertical grab bar location.)
Figure 7.6 Accessible single-toilet facility: In-swinging door examples. (See also Figures 7.2, 7.3, 7.8, 7.9, and 7.10 for accessible fixture and accessory heights and Figure 7.2 for vertical grab bar location.)
Figure 7.7 Accessible multi-toilet facility example. (See also Figures 7.2, 7.3, and 7.10 for accessible fixture and accessory heights and Figure 7.2 for vertical grab bar location.)
Figure 7.8 Accessible bathing facility examples: Bathtubs. (See also Figures 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.10 for accessible fixture and accessory heights and vertical grab bar locations. See Figure 7.5 for additional information on water closets and lavatories.)
Figure 7.9 Accessible bathing facility examples: Showers. (See also Figures 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.10 for accessible fixture and accessory heights and vertical grab bar locations. See Figure 7.5 for additional information on water closets and lavatories.)
Figure 7.10 Typical accessible toilet accessory heights
Figure 7.11 Types of accessible signs for toilet and bathing facilities. (Illustrations by APCO Graphics, Inc. www.apcosigns.com).
Figure 7.12 Typical accessible tactile sign locations.
Figure 7.13 Mechanical/plumbing penetrations in a rated wall assembly.
Figure 7.14 Plumbing and mechanical checklist.

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Common NFPA standards for electrical and communication systems.
Figure 8.2 Electrical penetrations in a fire resistance-rated wall assembly.
Figure 8.3 Dwelling unit receptacle outlet location example.
Figure 8.4 Typical accessible electrical device and fixture locations.
Figure 8.5 Required GFCI outlet location examples.
Figure 8.6 Typical lighting restrictions at bathtubs and showers.
Figure 8.7 International Energy Conservation Code® Table C405.5.2, “Interior Lighting Power Allowances” (2012 International Energy Conservation Code, copyright © 2012. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 8.8 Common types of communication cables.
Figure 8.9 Typical accessible communication device locations.
Figure 8.10 Electrical and communication checklist.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Common NFPA standards for finishes and furniture.
Figure 9.2 Typical regulated finishes/furniture and required tests.
Figure 9.3 Summary of tests for finishes and furniture.
Figure 9.4 Steiner Tunnel Test apparatus.
Figure 9.5 Typical flame spread of common materials (2013 International Building Code, copyright © 2013. Washington, DC: International Code Council. Reproduced with permission. All rights reserved. www.iccsafe.org).
Figure 9.6 Radiant Panel Test apparatus.
Figure 9.7 Pill Test apparatus.
Figure 9.8 Vertical Flame Test apparatus.
Figure 9.9 Room Corner Test apparatus—Method A.
Figure 9.10 Smolder Resistance Test: Tester options.
Figure 9.11 Toxicity Test apparatus.
Figure 9.12 Upholstered seating test apparatus: Full-scale.
Figure 9.13 Life Safety Code Table A.10.2.2, “Interior Finish Classification Limitations” (Reprinted with permission from NFPA 101®, Life Safety Code^®, Copyright © 2012, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. This reprinted material is not the complete and official position of the NFPA on the referenced subject, which is represented only by the standard in its entirety.)
Figure 9.14 Finish selection example: High school, nonsprinklered building.
Figure 9.15 Typical specifications for an upholstery finish sample.
Figure 9.16 Flammability portion of ACT Textile Performance Guidelines (Reprinted with permission from the Association for Contract Textiles, Inc. [ACT]. The flame mark is a Registered Certification Mark and is owned by ACT, Inc. See ACT Web site for the entire guidelines and the most current edition, www.contracttextiles.org).
Figure 9.17 Accessible floor level change examples.
Figure 9.18 Accessible worksurface and furniture examples.
Figure 9.19 Finishes and furniture checklist.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Typical steps in the code process.
Figure 10.2 Sample application for a building permit. (Reproduced with permission from the International Code Council.)
Figure 10.3 Summary interior project checklist.

PREFACE

Codes and standards continue to change and evolve. Even federal regulations are amended and updated. Why does this seem like a never-ending process? Because the many organizations and individuals that develop the codes, standards, and federal regulations strive to make the built environment as safe as possible. We learn from recent events and apply this knowledge to our future buildings and spaces.

A wide variety of factors are taken into consideration. Recent building fires, natural disasters, and even acts of terrorism shed light on how building safety can be improved. Industry trends, such as new building products and improved technology, provide additional options for addressing building safety. Even the growing exchange of information worldwide has affected the concepts concerning building safety in recent years. For instance, performance codes were used in other countries before they were developed for use in the United States. In addition, we are already seeing sustainability and green practices incorporated into the codes, standards, and federal regulations—and at a much faster rate than originally anticipated. All of these influences continue to lead to new opportunities for collaboration between various organizations and future changes to the codes and standards. These ongoing changes challenge design professionals to stay up to date.

This book concentrates on the interior of a building because the codes, standards, and federal regulations affect projects on the interior of a building as much as the building shell. The goal is to make the codes user-friendly and to provide a good overall understanding of the various codes, standards, and federal regulations.

What sets this book apart is that it does more than just repeat the code requirements; it explains how various requirements and concepts work together to create building safety. This book considers the requirements from more than one specific code, and discusses the relationship of the various code publications and other related documents and how to incorporate the different requirements into a single project. Understanding the overall code process creates safer buildings. It also makes code research more efficient, which can save both time and money. This sixth edition of The Codes Guidebook for Interiors includes the most recent changes and updates to the codes, standards, and federal regulations. The following previews what is included.

Focuses on the most current and widely used building code, the 2012 International Building Code (IBC), as well as other related International Code Council (ICC) codes, such as the 2012 International Fire Code.
Discusses how to use the NFPA’s 2012 Life Safety Code (LSC) in conjunction with the IBC regarding the various code topics presented, ranging from selecting occupancy classifications to determining means of egress and fire resistant assemblies.
Incorporates information on the many standards referenced by the codes or used by the building and interior industry.
Discusses the relationship of the ICC accessibility standard (2009 ICC A117.1) and the 2010 ADA Standards and how to use them in conjunction with the codes. The differences between the original 1991 Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) and the new 2010 ADA Standards are also explained.
Explains sustainability practices as they relate to the existing codes and newly developed green codes and standards, including the International Green Construction Code (IGCC) and the ASHRAE/USGBC/IES 189.1, Standard for the Design of High-Performance Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.
Describes the relationship between the energy codes, such as the 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), sustainability codes, and federal energy regulations, and the IBC.
Includes interior-related electrical code requirements based on the 2011 and 2014 National Electrical Code (NEC).
Explains plumbing codes (and plumbing fixtures), using the 2012 International Plumbing Code, and mechanical codes as they pertain to interior projects.
Discusses the newest information on finish and furniture standards and testing, including the most current sustainability and life safety issues.
Presents the role of alternative materials and methods and performance codes to allow creative options for meeting prescriptive code requirements.
Explains the terms, concepts, and requirements of the codes, standards, and federal regulations in a simple, organized format—explaining the differences, which codes to use, and how to use them together.
Includes multiple examples and sample floor plans covering a wide variety of building types and occupancy classifications.
Includes many diagrams combining code and accessibility- related requirements for items such as means of egress, toilet and bathing rooms, and finish- and furniture-related items.
Includes an updated checklist in each chapter.
Includes the latest information on working with code officials and documenting your projects using prescriptive, performance, and/or sustainability codes.
Addresses a variety of building and project types, both large and small, and includes information on existing buildings, historic buildings, and single-family homes.
Supplementing the information in this book, a Study Guide is also available. It is a valuable resource to test your understanding of the terms, concepts, and requirements presented in the Guidebook.

I hope that this book is helpful to you.

Katherine E. Kennon, AIA

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book was originally conceived and developed by Sharon K. Harmon as part of her personal education and development as an interior designer. She invited me to become part of this journey starting with the second edition. We have been partners in this endeavor through the subsequent revisions and editions. Although for this sixth edition she officially handed me the torch to carry on this work, she continued to help me with the parts of the process that she had mastered to make this task and this edition possible. I appreciate her trust and her assistance.

In order for the book to continue to be relevant and accurate, having industry professionals give perspective on the content is essential. I luckily found people willing to take the time to read, comment and suggest on sections and chapters within their professional purview. I want to thank Kim Shinn (sustainability), Steve Kemp (various engineering disciplines), Richard Graham (electrical) and Scott Lunsford (communication) for their contribution to the content of this edition.

I want to thank the International Code Council (ICC) and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) who continue to allow the use of their source material and to clarify code requirements so that they can be accurately represented in this text.

I want to thank the building and associated industry representatives who continue to allow the use of their images and products such Viking Group, APCO Graphics, Steelcraft Manufacturing, Underwriters Laboratories, and ACT. They make it possible to give real examples and images of code related elements.

Even though this book is on its sixth edition, the creation of the final product is defined by new technologies, processes and people each time. For perspective, the submission process for the first edition that I worked on, involved a large amount of paper and shipping time for delivery of edited material: now, the process occurs almost instantaneously and completely through cyberspace. So, for my first solo mission on this edition, I uniquely appreciate those at John Wiley & Sons, Inc. who helped me through this process-sometimes step by step including Paul Drougas, Amy Odum and Lauren Poplawski. I also appreciate Lauren Olesky’s direction and encouragement for the added task to create supplementary resources, stretching this edition’s effectiveness beyond the book’s pages. I appreciate all those at John Wiley who continue to be advocates for this book, to value its unique place in the industry and have been integral to its development, past and present.

I would particularly like to thank the readers, who continue to buy and recommend the book. Whether you use this book as an educator or student or for your own personal professional development, your feedback and support of the book is what motivates me to keep this endeavor up to date and pertinent to the industry. I hope that this relationship continues to benefit the design community and safe building environments.