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Penguin Books is part of the Penguin Random House group of companies whose addresses can be found at global.penguinrandomhouse.com.
First published in the United States of America by William Morrow an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers 2015
First published in Great Britain by Allen Lane 2015
Text copyright © Steven D. Levitt and
Dubner Productions, LLC, 2015
Front cover photographs © Getty Images, Gallery Stock, Demetrio Carrasco/AWL images
Cover design: Richard Green
The moral rights of the authors have been asserted
ISBN: 978-0-141-98097-3
What Do Blogs and Bottled Water Have in Common?
1 We Were Only Trying to Help
2 Limberhand the Masturbator and the Perils of Wayne
3 Hurray for High Gas Prices!
4 Contested
5 How to Be Scared of the Wrong Thing
6 If You’re Not Cheating, You’re Not Trying
7 But Is It Good for the Planet?
8 Hit on 21
9 When to Rob a Bank
10 More Sex Please, We’re Economists
11 Kaleidoscopia
12 When You’re a Jet …
The Highest Praise Anyone Could Ever Give
Notes
Acknowledgments
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Freakonomics
Superfreakonomics
Think Like a Freak
We dedicate this book to our readers.
We are perpetually wowed by your vigor and grateful for your attention.
Ten years ago, as we were about to publish a book called Freakonomics, we decided to start a companion website. It was called, unimaginatively, Freakonomics.com. The site happened to offer a blogging function.
Levitt, who is always a few years behind, had never heard of a blog, much less read or written one. Dubner explained the idea. Levitt remained unconvinced.
“Let’s just give it a try,” Dubner said. It was so early in our partnership that Levitt hadn’t yet come to understand that those six words were Dubner’s way of getting him to do all sorts of things he never intended to do.
So we gave the blog a try. Here’s the first post we wrote:
Every parent thinks he has the most beautiful baby in the world. Evolution, it seems, has molded our brains so that if you stare at your own baby’s face day after day after day, it starts to look beautiful. When other people’s children have food clotted on their faces, it looks disgusting; with your own kid, it’s somehow endearing.
Well, we’ve been staring at the Freakonomics manuscript so much that it now looks beautiful to us—warts, clotted food, and all. So we started to think that maybe some people would actually want to read it, and after reading it, might even want to express their opinions about it. Thus, the birth of this website. We hope it’s a happy (or at least happily contentious) home for some time to come.
And it has been a happy home! Our blog writing tends to be more casual, more personal, more opinionated than how we write our books; we are just as likely to float a question as to give a concrete answer. We’ve written things we only thought halfway through and later regretted. We’ve written things we did think through but also later regretted. But mostly, having the blog gave us good reason to stay curious and open about the world.
Unlike that first post, the vast majority of the blog entries were written by just one of us, not the pair, as in our book writing. We sometimes asked friends (and even enemies) to write for the blog; we’ve held “quorums” (asking a bunch of smart people to answer a tough question) and Q&As (with people like Daniel Kahneman and a high-end call girl named Allie). For several years, The New York Times hosted the blog, which gave it a veneer of legitimacy that wasn’t quite warranted. But the Times eventually came to its senses and sent us off to do the thing we do, once more on our lonesome.
All these years, we routinely asked ourselves why we kept blogging. There was no obvious answer. It didn’t pay; there wasn’t any evidence the blog helped sell more copies of our books. In fact it may have cannibalized sales, since every day we were giving away our writing. But over time we realized why we kept at it: our readers liked reading the blog, and we loved our readers. Their curiosity and ingenuity and especially their playfulness have kept us at it, and in the pages to follow you will see ample evidence of their spirit.
Occasionally a reader would suggest that we turn our blog writing into a book. This struck us as a colossally dumb idea—until, one day not long ago, it didn’t. What changed? Dubner was dropping off one of his kids at summer camp in Maine. In the middle of nowhere, they came upon a huge Poland Spring water-bottling plant. Having grown up in the middle of nowhere himself, Dubner had always thought it strange that so many people would pay good money for a bottle of water. And yet they do, to the tune of roughly $100 billion a year.
Suddenly a book of blog posts didn’t seem so dumb. So in the tradition of Poland Spring, Evian, and other hydro-geniuses, we’ve decided to bottle something that was freely available and charge you money for it.
To be fair, we did go to the trouble of reading through the whole blog and picking out the best material. (It was gratifying to find that among eight thousand mostly mediocre posts, we actually had some good ones.) We edited and updated the posts as necessary, arranging them into chapters that make book sense. Chapter One, for instance, “We Were Only Trying to Help,” addresses the abolition of academic tenure, alternatives to democracy, and how to think like a terrorist. “Limberhand the Masturbator and the Perils of Wayne” is about names that are strange, fitting, or strangely fitting. “When You’re a Jet …” shows that once you start thinking like an economist, it’s hard to turn it off—whether the subject is baby formula, animated films, or rancid chicken. Along the way, you will learn more than you ever wanted to know about our personal obsessions like golf, gambling, and the dreaded penny.
It has given us gargantuan pleasure over the years to put our warped thoughts into writing. We hope you enjoy peeking inside our heads to see what it’s like to view the world through Freakonomics-colored glasses.