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To the memory of my dear mother Shizuko Omura, who was my first and best teacher: 1913–2015.
Many talented and hardworking people gave their best effort to produce Mastering AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016. I offer my sincerest gratitude to those individuals who helped bring this book to you.
Heartfelt thanks go out to the editorial and production teams at Sybex for their efforts. Mary Beth Wakefield managed the project and helped us all make the right connections. Stephanie McComb made sure things got off to a great start and provided support from beginning to end. Gary Schwartz skillfully managed the development process. Richard Hawley did an excellent technical editing job and offered many great suggestions. On the production side, once again, Dassi Zeidel kept the production end of things running smoothly, and Liz Welch made sure that I wasn’t trying out new uses of the English language.
Thanks also go to Denis Cadu, who has always given his support to our efforts over many projects. Jim Quanci always gives his generous and thoughtful assistance to us author types. Thanks to Elinor Actipis for providing help with general Autodesk matters. Finally, thanks go to Melissa D. Schmidt and Shari Nemerovski of the AutoCAD Customer Counsel team and everyone at the Autodesk beta team for generously allowing us to have a look at the prerelease software.
And a great big thank-you to my family and friends, who have been there for me through thick and thin.
George Omura is a licensed architect, Autodesk Authorized Author, and CAD specialist with more than 28 years of experience in AutoCAD and over 35 years of experience in architecture. He has worked on design projects ranging from resort hotels to metropolitan transit systems. George has written numerous other AutoCAD books for Sybex, including Introducing AutoCAD 2010 and AutoCAD LT 2010 and Mastering AutoCAD 2015 and AutoCAD LT 2015.
Brian C. Benton is a senior engineering technician, CAD service provider, technical writer, and blogger. He has over 20 years of experience in various design fields (mechanical, structural, civil, survey, marine, environmental) and is well versed in many design software packages (CAD, GIS, and graphics). He is Cadalyst magazine’s Tip Patroller, AUGI HotNews production manager, and Infinite Skills’ AutoCAD training video author.
Welcome to Mastering AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016. As many readers have already discovered, this book is a unique blend of tutorial and reference that includes everything that you need to get started and stay ahead with Autodesk® AutoCAD® software. With this edition, you get coverage of the latest features of both AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT® 2016 software along with detailed information on existing features.
Rather than just showing you how each command works, this book shows you AutoCAD 2016 in the context of a meaningful activity. You’ll learn how to use commands while working on an actual project and progressing toward a goal. This book also provides a foundation on which you can build your own methods for using AutoCAD and become an AutoCAD expert. For this reason, we haven’t covered every single command or every permutation of a command response. You should think of this book as a way to get a detailed look at AutoCAD as it’s used on a real project. As you follow the exercises, we also encourage you to explore AutoCAD on your own, applying the techniques that you learn to your own work.
Both experienced and beginning AutoCAD users will find this book useful. If you aren’t an experienced user, the way to get the most out of this book is to approach it as a tutorial—chapter by chapter, at least for the first two parts of the book. You’ll find that each chapter builds on the skills and information that you learned in the previous one. To help you navigate, the exercises are shown in numbered steps. To address the needs of all readers worldwide, the exercises provide both Imperial (feet/inches) and metric measurements. Some exercises use generic units of measurement or, if the focus of the exercise is not dependent on the measurement system, Imperial is used.
After you’ve mastered the material in Parts 1 and 2, you can follow your interests and explore other parts of the book in whatever order you choose. Part 3 takes you to a more advanced skill level. There you’ll learn more about storing and sharing drawing data and how to create more complex drawings. If you’re interested in 3D, check out Part 4. If you want to start customizing right away, go to Part 5. You can check out Chapter 25 at any time because it gives you general information about sharing AutoCAD files with your coworkers and consultants. You can also use this book as a ready reference for your day-to-day problems and questions about commands. The Bottom Line section at the end of each chapter will help you review and look at different ways to apply the information that you’ve learned. Experienced users will also find this book a handy reference tool.
Finally, you can learn more about AutoCAD through the author-supplied bonus chapters found at www.omura.com/chapters. For example, if you run into problems using AutoCAD, see the section “When Things Go Wrong” in Bonus Chapter 3, “Hardware and Software Tips.” To delve into the details of printers and plotting, check out Bonus Chapter 5,“Understanding Plot Styles.”
Autodesk has released both AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016 simultaneously. Not surprisingly, they’re nearly identical in the way they look and work. You can share files between the two programs with complete confidence that you won’t lose data or corrupt files. The main differences are that AutoCAD LT doesn’t support all of the 3D functions of AutoCAD 2016, nor does it support the customization tools of AutoLISP® or the .NET Framework. But AutoCAD LT still has plenty to offer in both the productivity and customization areas. Because they’re so similar, we can present material for both programs with only minor adjustments.
When a feature is discussed that is available only in AutoCAD 2016, you’ll see the AutoCAD Only icon.
For the purposes of this publication, the “ACAD only” icon means that the relevant (or adjacent) content applies only to AutoCAD software and not to AutoCAD LT software.
You’ll also see warning messages when tutorials vary between AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT. If only minor differences occur, you’ll see either a warning message or directions embedded in the exercise indicating the differences between the two programs.
We’ve also provided workaround instructions wherever possible when AutoCAD LT doesn’t offer a feature found in AutoCAD 2016.
In each chapter, you’ll find extensive tips and discussions in the form of sidebars set off from the main text. These provide a wealth of information that we have gathered over years of using AutoCAD on a variety of projects in different office environments. You may want to browse through the book and read these boxes just to get an idea of how they might be useful to you.
Another available quick reference is Bonus Chapter 4, “System Variables and Dimension Styles.” It contains descriptions of all the dimension settings with comments on their uses. If you experience any problems, you can consult the section “When Things Go Wrong” in Bonus Chapter 3, “Hardware and Software Tips.”
The Mastering series from Sybex provides outstanding instruction for readers with intermediate and advanced skills in the form of top-notch training and development for those already working in their field, and clear, serious education for those aspiring to become pros. Every Mastering book includes the following:
Mastering AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016 is divided into five parts, each representing a milestone in your progress toward becoming an expert AutoCAD user. Here is a description of those parts and what they will show you.
As with any major endeavor, you must begin by tackling small, manageable tasks. In this first part, you’ll become familiar with the way that AutoCAD looks and feels.
After you have the basics down, you’ll begin to explore some of the more subtle qualities of AutoCAD.
At this point, you’ll be on the verge of becoming a real AutoCAD expert. Part 3 is designed to help you polish your existing skills and give you a few new ones.
Although 2D drafting is the workhorse application in AutoCAD, its 3D capabilities give you a chance to expand your ideas and look at them in a new light.
One of the greatest strengths of AutoCAD is its openness to customization, which you’ll explore in this section.
Finally, this book has several appendixes.
Many of the exercises in this book make use of sample files that you can download from the following website: www.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2016. With these files, you can pick up an exercise anywhere you like without having to work through the book from front to back. You can also use these sample files to repeat exercises or to just explore how files are organized and put together. You can also download additional bonus chapters that cover other AutoCAD features from www.omura.com/chapters. The bonus chapters are:
This book assumes you have a Windows-based PC with at least a dual-core processor or equivalent CPU. Your computer should have at least one DVD drive and a hard disk with 2 GB or more of free space for the AutoCAD program files and about 120 MB of additional space for sample files and the workspace. In addition to these requirements, you should have enough free disk space to allow for a Windows virtual memory page file that is about 1.5 times the amount of installed RAM. Consult your Windows manual or the Bonus Chapter 3, “Hardware and Software Tips,” available at www.omura.com/chapters, for more on virtual memory.
AutoCAD 2016 runs best on systems with at least 2 GB or more of RAM. Your computer should also have a high-resolution monitor and an up-to-date display card. An SVGA display with a resolution of 1024×768 or greater will work fine with AutoCAD, but if you want to take full advantage of the 3D features, you should have a 128 MB or greater, OpenGL-capable, workstation-class graphics card. If you intend to use a digitizer tablet, you’ll need one free USB port available. We also assume that you’re using a mouse and have the use of a printer or a plotter. Finally, you’ll need an Internet connection to take full advantage of the support offerings from Autodesk.
If you want a more detailed explanation of hardware options with AutoCAD, see Bonus Chapter 3. You’ll find a general description of the available hardware options and their significance to AutoCAD.
Much care has been taken to see that the stylistic conventions in this book—the use of uppercase or lowercase letters, italic or boldface type, and so on—are the ones most likely to help you learn AutoCAD. On the whole, their effect should be subliminal. However, you may find it useful to be conscious of the following rules:
Select objects:
).For most functions, this book describes how to select options from Ribbon panels and the Application menu. In addition, where applicable, we include related keyboard shortcuts and command names in parentheses. These command names provide continuity for readers who are accustomed to working at the Command prompt.
AutoCAD 2016 has a long list of new features, many of which are aimed at making your work easier and faster. Some features like Autodesk 360® and Autodesk Exchange are web tools that help you share your work, keep up with the latest on AutoCAD, and discuss issues you may be having. Here are some of the new features that we cover in this book:
We hope that Mastering AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016 will be of benefit to you and that, after you’ve completed the exercises, you’ll continue to use the book as a reference. If you have comments, criticism, or ideas about how the book can be improved, you can email us at the following addresses:
If you find errors, please let our publisher know. Visit the book’s web page, www.sybex.com/go/masteringautocad2016, and click the Errata link to find a form to use to identify the problem.
And thanks for choosing Mastering AutoCAD 2016 and AutoCAD LT 2016.