APPENDIX A
ENDNOTES TO ALL PARTS

Appendix A is the Bardot Group’s only concession to classical studies buffs amidst the readers of this first volume to a proposed series. It’s not meant to please the most literary of their ilk, because it does not source all the extant literature by the ancient masters since Mentor. The Endnotes should appeal to the pre-historians among such readers as a departure from our mostly fictional expository style; but they shall not find here a sufficiency of rigor such as should attend the robust and copious material — according, that is, to their catholic tastes for the most scientific protohistory possible.

The Endnotes are offered for the greater diversion and greater robustness of the annotated content than any lay person audiences may be expected to enjoy from our passing expositions.

That we’re mostly about art, if not of a literary stylization, lies in the admission that we’re least about science. Take dating for example. Most classical buffs, if they’re old, learned that the Battle of Kadesh was fought upon the Orontes River of the ancient Levant in 1296/95BCE; whereas the Bardot Group, inured to middle aged scholars and the middle dating by the Egyptologists, date that first ever historical account of a great battle to 1286/85 BCE. Now, it seems, that we’re both wrong, because the latest dating has that battle at 1275/74.

That would induce a revised date for the Sack of Troy, moving it from 1250 to 1239, but it doesn’t. The Classical Studies’ Professoriat still insists upon Professor Blegen’s date of 1250 BCE. In that adherence we’re glad to comply, out of sincerest reverence for that paragon personage. Besides, there have been other good reasons to have the Sack at 1234 BCE, but we’ve ignored them, too, in our good adherence to the Professor.

The revised or newly accepted dating does impact our sense of the Hatti Empire in so far as its Tabarnas (Emperor) Hattushilish III and the Pharaoh Rameses II are concerned. It would have their famous treaty dated to 1259 BCE, or contemporaneous to the second year of campaigning near and around Troias. We would have thereby Hattushilish as a very old man and Rameses at nearing his middle years.

Not so or possible: Hattushilish at the time that he’s “the Great Father” of the Hatti is a hale, 60 year-old man and at the zenith of his reign and his entire imperial age. Rameses is barely in his thirties and rabid to recover the losses of ambit and hegemony that his father Seti had enjoyed throughout the Middle East even while at stalemate with the Hatti. We can still expect a very long reign for Rameses II, therefore, even as he has not recaptured yet for the 19^th Dynasty of Egypt the highly favorable providence that it shall deserve.

SHOAL PRIVY FOR SAILORS AT LANDFALL

INDEX OF EXOTIC NAMES & PLACES

Early Greek pronunciations, as denoted within [ ], were usually not indicative of stressed syllables by lengths of vowels. They were regular of accent upon the antipenult, and pitch of voice rendered syllables short, even curt. All metrical feet, therefore, were once nearly equal, whether short or long by their shaping, until the Lyric Age’s vowel transformations by alphabetization.

Homeric Greek then introduced stressed syllables with long form vowels, accents on the penult, as imposed upon Oldest Greek’s previously short vowel inflections as the syllables for alpha, epsilon, iota, omicron and upsilon. Iota was always pronounced EE, never AYE, even though a short vowel so appearing in its word. Vowels eta and omega were alternatively long by regular juxtaposition to either unsounded or mostly unsounded consonants, or short within strongly sounded (enunciated) consonants such as stops.

There are, moreover, subtle tonal distinctions by any consonance around a particular accent on syllable, or by any syllable that’s inclusive of a “force apostrophe
(` )” that always commanded a vowel without aspiration. (`) always forces aspiration as though the consonant H/h, that leading to the many irregular and transitional spellings of names and places here indexed.

Keep ever mindful that alphabets were once musical recitation of the words once composed solely through syllabaries. Put out as fast paced recitation as well enunciated syllables of consonants/vowels, the vowel pitch by Oldest Greek trips off the tongue very readily as Homeric Greek for the fervent practitioner.

LEGEND:

ABBREVIATIONS:

VOWEL & DIPHTHONG ENUNCIATION:

Both are usually shaped short, although the diphthong usually determines the syllable of the accent. The accent when otherwise than regular, as placed upon the antepenult or third from last syllable, was due to syllabic consonance. That shaping, though, is itself most regular as either curt or rendered short. Vowels became long by aspiration (`), by aspirated “letters” such as delta, thelta, phi and chi; or by the syllabic consonance of “elided letters” such as xsi [kappa + sigma] and psi [pi + sigma].

Remember: Oldest Greek did not stress its vowels or diphthongs except through
syllabic consonance.

Achelous/-öos
The river of the north mainland Greek Peninsula that flows year round: [OG, Ahk-HELL-oh-oss]

AcroKorinth
The High City of the Lower isthmus of Ephyrëa, where themany resident colleges of the High Sisterhood. Medeia’s former seat of governance.

Aegisthus
The son of Pelopia by his grandfather Thyestes, whose siring was urged as a means of vengeance against Atreus for having made a feast of his sons. [Aye-GEESS-Thoss, LG]

Aeneas
Son of Anchises by the House of Asarakos over Dardania of Troias. High Prince of Dardania. [AYE-neh-ass or AYN-yass, OG]

Aeoleis & Minya
The Great Kingdom of Aiakos by his reconquests of the north mainland Greek Peninsula eastward of the Pindus Mountains Divide. East Central Greece as Phthiotis, Magnesia and Thessaly. [Aye-OWL-ayss & MEEN-yah, OG]

Aetolia
The Brotherhood of the Highlanders which situates along the north coast of the Great Gulf (of Korinth) and south coast of the Gulf of Ambrakia. Homeland of Lëda. [Aye-TOLL-ee-ah, LG]

Agamemnon
Son of Atreus, Great Wanax of Great Argos and the Argolid and brother of Menelaos. Aspires to Supreme Command over any war for the restoration of Helen by force majeur. [Ah-gay-MEHM-nohn, OG]

Agapenor
High Chief over the Arkadian Highlanders, whose Brotherhood situated north of Mantinia as a great Wheatland within the glacial massif alluvia of the Peloponnesus. [Ah-gah-PAY-nohr,OG]

Agenor
The Zebul or Merchant King of either Ugarit or Byblos, where he sired Europa, arch-Ancestress of the Cretans, Kadmos, Kylix and Phoenix. [AH-jay-nohr,LG]

Aiakos
Son of Aegina by the Low Midlands of future Boeotia, he regained her invaded lands and reconquered lost lands of the north mainland indigenes called Aeolians. By that gained majesty he became Great King of Aeoleis & Minya

Aiax, son-of-Oileos
Prince of the Lokrians, Odysseus & Nestor shall recruit his father away from his firm stance of neutrality. Fought in the Trojan War in its sixth through tenth campaign years.

Aiax, son-of-Telemon
Prince of Salamis Island where his father Telemon is King by unknown descent from Aiakos, putatively his great great grandfather. He plays the diplomatic role of keeping the High Kingdom of the Seha River Valley neutral, while also serving as adjutant navarch to the Argive naval forces under Palamedes.

Aigëa
The mother of Nirëus and queen of the tiny Isle of Symë. [Aye-GAY-ah, OG]

Aigialaia
The wife of Diomedes and chatelaine of Fortress Tiryns. she is a hereditary High Matron of great estate by the Methana Peninsula of the Argolid.[Aye-gee-AHL-yah, OG]

Aigialaia/-aians
The precursor Brotherhood of Highlanders that became Achaia in later centuries BC. Homeland of Mentor’s mother Orynthia, it situates as a broad overlook of the Great Gulf (of Korinth) with lowland contiguous to coastal littoral Sikyon.

Aiphëa/Äphaea
The Tutelary Goddess of Aegina, she’s associated with the Cretan Goddess Britomartis, a huntress deity whose cultdevotions were later supplanted by Artemis.[Ape-HAY-ah, OG and Ahp-HAY-ah,LG]

Alas`iya I.(Alashiya)
The oldest name known for the Island of Cyprus, a great respository of copper ore during the Late Aegean Bronze Age. A feudatory of the imperial Hatti, she’s ruled autonomously by Cinyras as her High King.

Alexander/Paris
High Prince of Troias, the seconf son of Priam and Hekabë, he is also the high King of Wilusa(s), which realm ranged from coastal Dardania of Troias upon the Adramyttion Strait that passes Lesbos Island to the wilderness edge, mostly old growth forest, that later became Phrygia. He did not know of his accession to Wilusas until after his abduction of Helen. Paris is his name by Classical Greek Mythology and invention.

Alkathöos/Megaris/-a
The realm of Ephyrëa that’s the mainland foothold of the Upper Isthmus, it is the future Megara or Megaris of historical ages Ancient Greece. The former lands of the Pyliads, into whom the Kekropids of Attica married during the 14th century BC.,[Ahl-KAHT-hoh-oss,OG or Ahl-KATH-oh-oss, HG]

Alkeios
The birth name of the late son-of-Amphitryon, here spelled after its Theban inflection of the Argive name Alkaios, from whose branch royal line of royal forbears he was illustriously ascended. His legend of great feats made him the superhero Herakles/Hercules during the GreekDark Age. He is the father of Diomedes the Epigonos by siring of Deipyle, wodow of Tydeus.

Alkimos
The father of Mentor, his ancestral roots in the Erymanthian, Arkadian and Aigialian Brotherhoods of Highlanders made him a powerful recruiter to Helen’s cause. He is also a closest friend of Laërtes, the father of Odysseus.

Alyzeos
Odysseus brother-in-law and Penelopë’s half-brother as the second son born to Ikarios and Polykastë of Aetolia. He became a consort to a leading tribal chieftainness (archeta) over the Dolopian Highlanders of the High Achelous Divide.[AHL-EEZ-eh-oss, OG]

Amphimachus
Son of Nomion, a Miletian youth. He appears in Homer’s catalogue of recruits into the Trojan ranks at war. [Amp-hEE-mahk-uss, OG, or Ahm-phee-MAHK-uss, LG]

Amphitritë
The Sea Goddess of the Greeks by succession to Posidaia/Poseidonia the Cretan Sea Goddess. A lesser goddess within the Olympian Pantheon, she was nonetheless paramount in the worships of Western Greeks, denizens of the Ionian Isles in particular.[Amp-HEE-tree-tay,OG]

Amykai
The ancient region which once composed from the Eurotas & Pamisos River Valleys. It was split into Lakonia and Andania in the late 14th century BC after the abdication of Gorgophonë IV, Penelopë’s grandmother. The Amykai Mountain Range, was the massif that separated Lakonia from Andania. Mount Taygetos is the famous and most prominent crest of its winter snow mass.

Amymonë
The daughter of Danaos with whom her father’s pilot Nauplius fell in love, only to have her trysted by Poseidon, supposedly, for having saved her from a rape by a Satyr. She became, nonetheless, the arch-Ancestress of the House of Nauplius, a clan always in fealty to either the House of Minos or the ruling Argive dynasty.

Anatolia/The Anatol
Better known as Asia Minor, this precursor to modern Turkey was the western part of the entire subcontinent. It is distinguished by several extremely long and year around river courses, which delivered rich alluvial accretion to the west coastal land littoral. Below the northwest corner of its land mass there composed two major ethnicities —the nearly aboriginal Assuyuwa, and the later indigenes called the Arsuwans.

Anchises
King of Dardania and son-of Kapys by the House of Asarakos, once co-regent with the House of Laomedon over the the High Kingdom of Troias. He married a high priestee who conceived to him an only son Aeneas, the future epic hero.[AHN(k)-HEE-sess, OG]

Andania
A region within former Amykai that defined from the Pamissos River Valley and Upper Stenechlerian Plain. It is known from Linear B Greekentablature as Thither Messenia, for composing from six petty kingdoms.

Andromeda
the wife of Perseus, who succeeded his mother Danäa as the foremost woman of Argolis. She was also held an arch-Ancestress and former matriarch of Amykai, which she bestowed to her only daughter, the first ever Gorgophonë. In Classical Greek Mythology, Andromeda was born in Ëthiopia, the daughter of Kepheos and Kassiopeia.

Ankaios
A famous Arkadian Highlander who developed the considerable overland caravan routes throughout the Peloponnesus, he’s the father of Agapenor. [Ahn-KAY-oss, OG]

Anticleia
Born to Phokis, she’s the daughter of Autolykos and Amphithëa. Laërtes’ wife and Odysseus mother, she also delivered a daughter Ktimenë, the future arch-Ancestress of the northwestern Greek Thesprotians. [Ahn-TEEK-lay-ah, OG, or Ahn-tee-CLAY-ah, LG, as spelled throughout the book]

Apis Pelasgiotes
The primordial name for the Southland or Peloponnesus, the name means “Open Vast Land of the Pelasgiotës, which people were how most easterners of the Late Aegean Bronze Age were named. [Pell-ass-gee-OAT-ayss, OG, but Pell-ass-gee-oates, ENE]

Arakyndia/-ians
The small and nearly eradicated tribe to which Lëda was born in Aetolia. She was its chieftainness until the Queen Holy Matriarch dissolved the tribe into the Aetolians and had Lëda married to Tyndareos for alliance of the Highlanders and Lelegans to the Lakonian House of Oebalos.

Arceisius
Odysseus’ paternal grandfather, the son of Cephalos by Lysippë, the third wife by formal troth to the first High Chief over the Echinades Isles. In Homer, and by Classical Greek Mythology which impugns Cephalos as his sire, Arceisius is the son of Zeus and Eurodia. He sired Laërtes off his only wife Chalkomedusa by a late age marriage. Like his natural father he was the sire of many children out of wedlock. The name is totemic of the Bear, which Cephalos acknowledged by escutcheon since his early adult years at Brauron of Attica.[Are-KAYSS-eh-ooss, LG by orthography]

Argia
Daughter of Adrastos, High King of the Argolid and the House of Proëtos, she married Polyneikes and by him conceived Thersandros, the only surviving male descendant of the Ladnakids and Oedipids over Kadmeis. As a queen dowager she was greatly loved by her adopting Kadmeians/Thebans and offered Amphitryon her comforts while his unhappy marriage to the perfidious Alkmenë.[ARE-gee-ah, LG, but ARE-yay-ah, OG]

Argolid, The
Usually called the Argolid Peninsula, with which the House of Proëtos was associated since the 16th century BC. The most direct descendant from that House was Diomedes son-of-Diomedes the Epigonos.

Argolis/Great Argos
Argolis was the former imperial seat of the Persëid Dynasty. Since the Great Regency of Thyestes, 1286-1265, it has been renamed Great Argos. Its territory was the Argive Plain, its western piedmont and the Argolid Peninsula as a loyal feudatory.

Arkadia/-ian
One of the major regions and Brotherhoods of the south mainland Highlanders, they are the native loyalists to Helen, Queen Holy Matriarch and daughter-of-Nemesis, and by proxy since her abduction to Menelaos, the First Wilderness Wanax of the Highlanders.

Asarakos
The lesser royal dynasty of Troias, the House ruled Dardania and the Island of Lesbos before the Trojan War Era.

Ashkelon
The major port of the Levant at the south shore of the Levantine Maritime Corridor. It was particular to the export commerce of Egypt since the beginning since the 18th Dynasty of the New Kingdom.[ pronounced ASS-k`hay-ohn in OG]

Asinë
An important cove upon the Argolis Gulf of the Peloponnese. IOt was the mainland seat of the House of Nauplius. It’s governor was Oeax son-of-Nauplius the Black Commodore.

Astyochë
The mother of Tlepolemos by Diomedes the Epigonos, Warlord of Tiryns.[Ass-Toy-OAK-hay, OG]

Atreus
The late Great Wanax of Argolis, he sired Agamemnon, Menelaos and Anaxabaia through a marriage of misery to Aeropë daughter of Katreos the Minos over Crete.

Attica
The foremost kingdom of the Saronic Gulf’s North Rim Powers, it is ruled by Helen’s suitor Menestheus, a king of recent accession to the branch royal house of Peteos under the dynasty and House of Erechtheus.

Aulis
The chosen site for the mobilization of forces to the regain of Helen should the efforts of the Embassy prove futile (as expected).

Binglaphia
A maritime port upon the Gulf of Lakonia with reach via a tidal isthmus to the tiny islet of Elaphonisos. Once the sire of a greatest sea battle, in 1299 BC.[Beeng-GLAP-hee-ah, OG]

Borëades
Calais and Zetes, sons of the North Wind Broteas by their mother Oreithyia. Grandsons of Eos the Dawn, they were the llight winds that prevailed in late springtime from NW..[Bor-aye-ADD-ess, OG]

Boreas
The North Wind and son of Eos the Dawn by Asterios the Starry Firmament. [BOHR-aye-ass, OG, but Bore-AYE-ass, LG]

Byblos
A major fortress harbor city of the Levant from which an exceedingly long outreach of maritime commerce throughout the Mediterranean Sea.[BEEB-loss, OG]

Cephallenia/-lenes
The maritime region and briefly the major sea power of the earliest Greeks. It comprised the Echinades Isles inclusive the future Ionian Isles, and it held a major territory called Buprasion upon the northwest shoulder of the Peloponnese.[Kep-hahl-LANE-ee-ah, OG, but Sef-ahl-LANE-yah, LGE]

Chainomelai
The oldest daughter of Nomion, Vice Royal Regent over fortress harbor Miletos and the region of Karia/Millawanda of southwest Anatolia’s Arsuwan nation race.[(k)Hayn-OHM-eh-lay, OG heavily aspirated]

Chiron/ School of
In prehistory Chiron was a name/title for any high chief over the aboriginal Didimoi People. Subjects of Aeoleis & Minya, they were of a famous equestrian caste, the so-called Pony People on account of the small size of both mounts and riders. Warrior went to a school upon Mount Pelion to learn warcraft and proficiency at the wield of elite weapons.[(k)HEER-hohn, OG, but KEER-ohn, LG]

Chloris
The wife of Neleus and supposed the mother of Nestor, she was actually the Great Great Aunt of the Wanax over the Messenes. Chloris is also the Greek name for the Goddess Mother Nature, aka the Roman Flora.[KLORE-heess,OG]

Cinyras
High King over Alashiya Island, future Cyprus, as a feudatory to the imperial Hatti of Anatolia. Just how Greek he was is disputable, but he owes his ascendancy to the accession of Hattushilish III, the Great King or Tlabarnas of the Hatti.[See-NEAR-ass, LG, but SEE-near-ass, HG]

Crete/Minoa
Named Minoa by Sir Arthur Evans, Cret e was an imperial sea power from 1590 BC (at least) to 1352 BC, when the collapse of the House whose founding is attributed to King Minos I son-of-Europa.

Danaos/-äans
A patriarch over the pre-Hellenes who settled the Inachus River Valley and Argive Plain in the early 17th century BC. He was a famous hydrologist by skill he learned in Nilotis, the deltaic lowland of Eqypt as once called.[DAHN-ah-oss, OG]

Dardania
Some would have this region of Troias situated upon the Hellespont. We have it the leading realm of the Tröad Kingdoms, rivaled only by Ilion, by coastal extent of the mainland shore along the Adrymittion Strait, by which inland waterway its domination of Lesbos Island. Its interior neighbor was the High Kingdom of Wilusa(s).

Deipylë
The illustrious daughter-of-Adrastos and long time the widow of Tydeus, the supposed father of Diomedes the Epigonos. She was for many decades the chatelaine of Fortress Tiryns, capital seat of the High Kingdom of the Argolid.[DAY-pee-lay, OG]

Deukalion, Father of Idomeneos
The grandson of Deukalion andfor many years, even whole decades, the Minos Regent in his his nephew Katreos’ stead. Minos of Crete, supposedly, by an obscure appointed succession in 1352 BC, after the final collapse of the House of Minos, Katreos acceded but predeceased his sons. He chose his cousin Idomeneos as his successor, in belated gratitude expressed towards his uncle/senior cousin.[Thoo-KAHL-ee-ohn, OG Cretan]

Deukalion, the Regent Minos
The late appointed ruler over Crete, by dirst succession to the Great Minos of Crete (King Minos II) and Theseus the Regent of Crete (briefly). He lent his imperial blood line to the accession of Idomeneos, after the death of his close cousin Phaidra and nephew Katreos.

Didyma Bay
The foremost protective water of the Karian Sea, as enclosed by peninsula juts that reach into the Aegean Sea from mainland west coastal Anatolia.[THEE-dee-mah, OG Cretan]

Diokles
The son of Ortilochos, High Chief of Pharai of coastal Andania.[DEE-oak-layss, OG]

Diomedes the Epigonos
The son of Deipylë, the widow of Tydeus, whose patronymic he wore. His actual sire was Alkeios son-of-Amphitryon, of the future honorific name of Herakles. The Epigonoi were the sons of the heroes who died in the civil war of the Kadmeian Oedipids, as known from the epic The Thebëid. [Thee-oh-MED-ess, OG Cretan, but Dee-oh-MAID-ayss, LGE]

Diomedes the Suitor of Helen
The son of Diomedes the Epigonos by his father’s cohabitation with a maiden of Ephyrëa in refuge from that homeland in Aetolia.[Dee-oh-MED-ess, OG]

Dolopia/-ians
The tribe and people of Aetolia, into whom the son-of-Ikarios Alyzeos married during the 1290s BC. They were Highlanders by affiliation with the Brotherhood of Aetolia.

Dryopia/-ians
The tribe and people of Aetolia, into whom the son-of-Ikarios Leukadios married during the 1290s BC. They, too, were Highlanders by affiliation with the Brotherhood of Aetolia.[Dree-OPE-ee-ah, OG]

Echemos
A High Chief over the Tegean Highlanders. Later promoted to Lagawataon [Warlord Regent] over the Mantinian Highlanders. Husband of the Lakonian princess Timandra, daughter-of-Tyndareos & Lëda, until she abandoned their marriage after the Trojan War. In those aftermath decades he is most famous by the Greeks for negotiating an armistice with the Dorian Highlanders, who would invade/encroach upon the Peloponnesian Highlanders.[ECK-haym-oss, OG]

Echinades Isles
In historical ancient times they were the close inshore islets that rim the entry into the modern Gulf of Patras. In the Late Aegean Bronze Age. however, they were also the offshore Ionian Isles from Scheria (Corcyra) to Zakynthos (Zantë). They were the insular dominions of the maritime region of Cephallenia, all as ruled by the House of Cephalos (Homer’s House of Arceisius).[Eck-HEE-nahd-ess, OG]

Eirënë
The Goddess of Peace.[AIR-aye-nay, HG]

Elaea/Elis
The region of the west coastal Peloponnese which Pelops conquered late in the 15th century BC in coordination with his uncle Pleisthenes. The region was later a sub-realm of the Pelopids known under the name of the House of Broteas, after the much younger brother of Pelops.[El-LAY-ah, OG, but AYL-yah, LGE]

Elaphonisos I.
A small islet upon the Gulf of Lakonia. It connected to the mainland by a tidal isthmus, since fully submerged by tectonic subduction and uplift of the North African Plate.[El-lap-HONE-ee-soss,OG]

Eleusis
The Sanctuary of Eleusis ruled since Hersë Princess of Attica as a protectorate of the Erechthëid Dynasty. Home of the obscure Eleusinian Mysteries, it was famous for the fertility of its Thriasian Plain upon the MesoGaia inland of the Saronic Gulf.[El-LOOSE-eess, OG, but El-LEFF-seess, MG]

Elpenor
A leading naval adjutant of Odysseus by his understudy to the Battle Commander Medon. While obscure, he was a boon friend since Odysseus’ days as his father Laërtes’ courier.

Enkomi
A thriving port of Alashiya Island (Cyprus) in the 14th & 13th centuries BC. It acted as a Levantine free colony of Fortess Harbor City Ugarit whereby the vast export ingots of copper for smelting into alloy with tin as bronze.[Ehn-KOH-mee, OG]

Ephyrëa/The Isthmus
The Late Aegean Bronze Age region which represents the prehistorical periods of Korinth and Megaris. Later it became the Isthmus as Corinthia. During the LABA, the region was ruled by a theocratic matriarchy whose memory the later Corinthians despised for its association with open practice of institutionalized prostition. It was composed, in fact, from a rural high peerage of exalted governesses who took representation through the High Sisterhood of the AcroKorinth, a high city of the Lower Isthmus. The regio0n was famous, but nearly expunged, for its neutral posture towards all and any war combatants.[Epp-HEER-aye-ah, OG, but Eff-HEER-aye-ah, LG]

Eris
“Strife,” the Goddess of War and precursor to Olympian Ares. She inflicted bloody warfare through her son Enyalios. Before wars intent upon unconditional surrended to the terms of the victors, a blood sacrifice of a royal princess was expected by way of rites of propitiation to the Goddess.[ERR-eess, OG]

Esmyrrha
The daughter of Cinyras, she later was named Smyrna as honored by the Anatolian city state at its founding. She supposedly married the widower Teukros son-of-Telemon, who took self-exile to Alishiya Island after the end of the Trojan War.[Ess-MEER-hah, OG]

Europa
The arch-Ancestress and primeval first matriarch of the Cretans. She came over to Crete island from the Levant, where she’d been born the princess daughter to the mythical king Agenor of Sidon. She was the mother of Minos, Rhadamanthys and Sarpedon, and by her first born was established the House of Minos as the ruling dynasty over the imperial sea power whom Sir Arthur Evans nominated as Minoa.[OOR-hop-ah, OG, but YOUR-ope-ah, LGE]

Euros
The East Wind by his mother Eos the Dawn. He was known for the cyclonic storm fronts that come off the Anatol as especially feisty squalls over the Aegean Sea.

Eurotas River
The main river that carves the lowland of Lakonia, it is fed by three main tributaries that once rendered as man-made confluences around Ancient Sparta. On upstream affluent arrived through Langdadas Gorge, from the west; another by a headwater stream that passed prehistoric Therapnë from the north and east; and by a feeding creek off the Amykai Mountain Range that rims the entire river valley at its west.

Eurybates
The appointed Chief of Recruits and Conscripts, but a slave born grandson to a leading shipwright of the First Wanax Arceisius over the Cephallenes. He was easily the most important henchman to Odysseus’ naval command years as Fleetmaster and Sea Wanax under the co-regency that he enjoyed with his father Laërtes.[Oor-HEEB-aht-ess. OG, but Oor-ree-BAHT-ess, LG]

Eurycleia
The girl aged nurse of Odysseus and the appointed Tamia (House Mistress] of his mother Anticleia. Born the Minyan princess daughter of Ops son-of-Peisenor, she was enslaved as a war spoil prize whom Sisyphus dealt to Laërtes after the Isthmian War of 1301-1286 BC. [LG by orthography]

Eurystheus
The late son of Sthenelos by the branch royal lineage of the Sthenelids of the former Persëid Dynasty, he was the first ever appointed Great Wanax Regent by Pelops after the Great Prince Chrysippos was murdered. This means of succession endured to protect the co-regent successors Atreus and Thyestes son-of-Pelops by Hippodameia, who was complicit in the killing of Chrysippos. An outstanding ruler as an administrator and unifier of imperial Argolis, his many collaborations with his kinsman Alkeios brought many feats of civil engineering and hydrology to the new dynasty by Pelops.[Oor-HEEST-heh-oos, OG]

Gaia/Gë
The Great Earth Mother and,or the Goddess of Earth by the 4th Creation (Nyx/Chaos—Eurynomë’s Omphalos—Theias Sky and Sea-Conception of Gë—All Living Things thereafter. She is the Roman Goddess Terra. [GAY-ah and GAY, LG]

Glaukos of Ephyrëa
In this volume the son of Sisyphus by Meropë, reknown as a breeder of horses within Ephyrëa. He’s also the father of Bellerophontes, who sought his fortune in Lycia (Hatti Lukka) by marrying into the High Kingdom’s House of Sarpedon.

Glaukos of Lycia
The great grandson of Bellerophontes, the son of Hippolochos, longtime the champion-at-arms under the House of Sarpedon over of Lycia. He is his father’s successor in that warlord capacity.

Gorgophonë
The mother of Aphareus and Leukippos by her first husband Pereïres the Aeolian; and of Tyndareos and Ikarios by her remarriage to Oebalos. The fourth of her name as descended from the daughter of Perseus & Andromeda, whose matriarchate of Amykai the first ever Gorgophonë inherited.[Gore-gope-Hone-aye, OG]

Gosminos of Byblos
The Zebul or Zebub of Byblos, he was a far cruising Levantine to pioneer the Ionian Sea and early befriend Laërtes and Odysseus at trades abroad the Ionian Gulf.

Gournia
A finest palace metropol by the Late Palace Era of Crete. One of the great Bronze Age digs by Crete Island. Odysseus visited the place as a royal conservatory under the domination and rehabilitation of Aethon, a bastard prince and governor over Mallia, an administrative district of north coastal Crete.

Gythion
The merchant harbor of Lakonia and nearby to the war naval port of Läas.

Haliatherses
The son-of-Mastor, he’s an oldest childhood friend of Odysseus and reknown for his predictions of the far future. His father was a seer of nearer time dterminations. His prophecy that Odysseus would make war and strife away from Ithaca for 20 years came true.[Hal-yaht-HAIR-sayss, OG]

Hattus`lis’/Hattushilish III
The Great King over the imperial Hatti of central Anatolia’s Halys River Basin. His title was that of Tlabarnas in accordance with all kings by the House of (T)Labarnas. Already long of reign by succession to his great warrior brother Muwatallis, victor from the Battle of Quadesh against the young Ramesis II, Pharaoh of Egypt. One of the Hatti’s greatest peacetime rulers.[Hah-TOOSS-heel-eess, as pronounced in OG]

Hekabë
The wife of Priam who brought her homeland Wilusas into alliance, and then unification with Troias (after her father Dymas’ death). The marriage alliance required her second son to become High Prince and,orKing of Wilusas, albeit by pledge of his fealty to Priam’s House of Laomedon (by the House of Trös).

Helen
The daughter of Nemesis, the twin of Polydeukes as supposed by the paternity of the Olympian God Zeus. She had been the adopted princess of Lakonia but affirmed of ascension to her mother’s grandeur as the Queen Holy Matriarch of the Highlanders, over the Wilderness Wilds by both mainland divisions of the alpine Greek Peninsula. The wife of Menelaos for four years before her abduction in 1263 BC by Alexander High Prince of Troias and Wlusas while he was a trade delegation.[HELL-ehn,LGE to HAY-lenn-aye, OG, or Ay-lenn-aye, MG]

Hermionë
The only daughter of Helen and Menelaos, she was two years old when her mother was abducted.[Her-MEE-oh-nay, OG, but Her-MY-oh-nee, LGE]

Hesionë
High Princess of Troias and sister of Priam, she was abducted in the early 1280s BC from Fortress Ilion by Telemon, a refugee prince of Salamis Island at the time.

Hilaiïra
Daughter of Leukippos by the most sacral majesty of her mother, she’s an Andanian priestess postulant who broke her chastity and her betrothal vows to take Polydeukes as lover and would-be husband.[Hee-lah-EER-hah, OG]

Ialysos
The son of Amphitryon by the consortship and subsequent marriage to Polyxo, Queen of Rhodes Island. A famous harbor of ancient times took his name. By CGM he is sometimes the grandson of Helios the Sun God by a father, Kerkaphos, who was a son of a priestess to the cult Heliades.

Idas
The oldest son of Aphareus, co-regent over Andania with his brother Lyngkeos. The slayer of Kastor.

Idomeneos
The successor to Katreos as the Minos over the Cretans and several isles of the Greek Archipelago. He was one of Helen’s older suitors, but his grace and majesty befriended his many rivals, even Odysseus, whose family history showed the Cephallenes to be inimical to the Cretans of past times. He is putatively, or honorifically, the Supreme Naval Commodore over the coalition a-building fro Menelaos. He married Meda after his failed suit of Helen.[Ith-oh-meh-NEH-oss, OG Cretan]

Ikaria/Ikarian Main
An island west of Samos at the northern end of the Kalydnian Isles, the modern Duodekaneses, when the chain was also called the Lower Sporades Isles. The Ikarian Main ranged from the Argolic Gulf through the Archipelago on heading of ENE to Didyma Bay of Anatolia.

Ikarios
Odysseus marriage father (in-law) as the junior co-regent with his brother Tyndareos over Lakonia. The father of Penelopë, he is also her steward over her plantation estates by Lakonia, as contiguous to those of her mother Periboea, which estates belong to the sister Iphthimë, Queen of Aeoleis and wife of the High King Eumëlos.

Ilion
The Great Fortress of many rampart gates which enclosed the bastion Pergamon, royal seat of the Trojans. Most often called after its Latin name, Ilium, it is named after High King Ilus son-of-Trös, one of the greatest Trojan kings and warlords.[EE-lee-ohn, OG, but usually EE-lee-oom, LGE]

Ilus
The grandfather of Priam, he’s the late great High King of Troias, son of Trös. He made a great and prosperous marriage to Eurydicë daughter –of-Adrastos, a princess of the Argolid. Brother of Assarakos, King of Dardania. Conqueror of Maionia, and,or the Hattis’ Seha River lands, by overthrow of the House of Tantalos before the ascension of Pelops over imperial Argolis.[EE-loss, OG, but usually spoken by scholars as EE-luss, LG]

Imbrassa I./Samos I.
The oldest name for Samos, whose name to be is not yet, as after the Island of Cephallenia’s Samë (an island division so often confused with Cephalonia Island, to which it’s only the eastern part)[EEM-brah-sah, OG, or Eem-BRASS-ah, LG]

Imbros I.
An island mid-sea the Northern Sea as upon the main called the Mid-Channel Drift off the Dardanos Strait (the later Hellespont). The Embassy is supposed to lay over there before its final leg of voyage by invitation to the High Court of Priam at Ilion.[EEM-bross,OG]

Inachos River
The main river through the Argive Plain, into whichj many creeks and brooks whose names don’t survive. This river course is the heartland of the Argives since the times of their great ancestry by the Danaans.[Een-AHK-hoss, OG]

Iphikles
The late second son of Amphitryon by Alkmenë while his father was the Regent of Thebes by safeguard of the High Prince Thersandros, son-of-Polyneikes by Argia. Iphikles performed many great public works for Thebes, just as did his brother Alkeios for Argolis during the second half of the 14th century BC.[Eep-HEEK-less, OG, but EEF-ick-layss, LGE]

Ithaca
The tiny isle that served home seat for the patron clan and House of Cephalos since the reign of Arceisius, the First Wanax over the Cephallenes. The isle is sobriquet for the “home of Odysseus” by Homer’s masterpiece epic poems.[EET-Hack-ah, OG, but Eet-HACK-ee, MG, by the orthography of Ithaki]

Kalydnia/Kalymnia
An island of the modern Duodekaneses that gave its name to a chain of isles called either the Kalydnians or the Lower Sporades. The Isles became called the Kalymnians during the times of the Roman and Venetian Empires.

Kapsali Cove
The pleasant harbor setting beneath the east coastline bluff and palisade of Kythera Island. Its governess was Phratsia, the wife of Nauplius the Black Ciommodore, who longtime has vouchsafed to her the maritime welfare of the Kytherans.

Karia
The Greek toponyms for the region of Anatolia that was Millawanda during the Hatti imperial hegemony over mostly autonomous High Kingdoms along the west coast of the sub-continent. The ethnicity, which was often contentious with that imperial sway, was called Arsuwan, and the language is believed to have been Luvvian, a proto-Indo-European language indigenous by a diffusion from Armenia/Azerbaijan.

Karpathan Sea
Karpathos Island at midway between Crete and Rhodes Islands abd between the Cretan and Libyan Sea gave its name to a sea way that led eastward into the west-east Levantine Corridor below Anatolia.

Kastor
The male of the twins born to Lëda and Tyndareos of Lakonia. His twin sister was Klytaimnestra. The appointed supreme leader over the Lakonian Horse, is best friend was Polydeukes, his brother by family adoption of the royal Oebalids. In CGM he is one of the Argonauts.

Katreos
The Minos of Crete who earned his accession to the imperial title after a prolonged regency by the two Deukalions, the first an uncle, the brother of King Minos II, the Great Minos, and the other a grandson of that precursor sea emperor. We disagree with CGM that the second of the name was a son by King Minos II and Pasiphaia.

Klytaimnestra
The female of the twins born to Lëda and Tyndareos of Lakonia. Her brother was Kastor. She became the wife of Agamemnon who was lead suspect in the assassination of Tantalos son-of-Broteas, her greatly beloved first husband and the father of her three daughters.[often spelled Clytaemnestra by CGM, AG, she pronounces as Klee-taym-NEST-rah, OG]

Kos
A long island that projects westward as nearly offshore of southern Anatolia. Its western end offered an excellent landfall for all shipping entering and heading north up the Anatolian Corridor and Great Southwest Main of the Aegean Sea. A member of the Duodekaneses.

Kyllenë
A major port of Elaea as facing north from a jut of protective landfalls.

Kythera I.
The major island that lies outside the Argolic Gulf and offshore of Cape Malea of Lakonia. The site of one of Aphroditë’s first epiphanies, the island became infamous for its bawdy ports. Such maligning is inappropriate in general, but likely appropriate to Kapsali Cove and several north shore ports-of-call by mariners.

Läas
The harbor for the small war navy of Lakonia during the 13th century BC. It was built in the late 14th century BC.

Labarnas/Tlabarnas
The Great Kings of the Hatti have been named for a founding patriarch named Labarnas, by whom the imperial House of Labarnas. By the orthography of Old Greek, however, the spelling of the patriarch took the name/title’s orthography of Tlabarnas. That title in earliest times was granted posthumously, as though in honor of the deceased Great King’s apotheosis.

Laërtes
The brilliant father of Odysseus, the son of the First Wanax Areceisius by Chalkomedusa of Erissos Jut of Samë. The husband of Anticleia of Phokis. Their only daughter was Ktimenë, Homer’s Kallisto.[Lah-AIR-tess, OG]

Lagüdakë
Our fabulous handmaiden to Klytaimnestra, by service to the imperial residency of Great Argos when her mistress was the chatelaine.[Lah-GOO-thah-kay, OG Cretan]

Lakonia
The region of former Amykai by the Matriarchate of Gorgophonë, where the realm of the House of Oebalos. The region was defined by the great river system of the Eurotas, one of Greece’s few rivers that flowed all year long.

Lantana
Our fabulous mistress, later wife of Eurybates, she’s the daughter of the avaricious harbor master over the Guest Harbor of Fortress City Miletos of Karia.

Laomedon
The son-of-Ilus who lent his name to the royal house of Trös, his grandfather, after his father had elevated Troias to High Kingdom in pledged fealty to the Hatti Great King Tudhaliyas II.

Leap, The
The modern Rhio/Rheio and Antirhio/Antirheio that makes a pinch of where the Gulfs of Patras and Korinth join. In the Late Aegean Bronze Age this was the twain landfalls across from each other upon the Great Gulf (of Korinth) by which active intercommunication between the North and South Brotherhoods of the Highlanders. The shuttle ferries where a provision by compact of the Cephallenes to the Highlanders as an entire nation race, beginning with the reign of Helen’s mother Nemesis as Queen Holy Matriach (The Potnia Panhagia, so called).

Lëda
Born the chieftainess or archeta over the Arakyndians who dwelt the Achwelöos River Delta and Lake Trichonis of Aetolia. Her mother was Eurythemis and her father is supposed Thestios, but EGM has her sire Thyestes while his self-exile from Argolis after dispute with his brother Atreus. The Wanassa over Lakonia by her marriage to Tyndareos, she is mother of the twins Kastor and Klytaimnestra. She is the foster mother of Helen and Polydeikes by an adoption to which she was charged by their late mother Nemesis.[LAY-dah, OG]

Lemnos I.
The terminal point of the Embassy for a major convocation of navies under Ikarios and Menelaos, this island lies mid-sea the Northern Sea at just below the Mid-Channel Drift running out of the Dardanos Strait above Anatolia.

Lerna
A primordial and primeval port upon the Bay of Argos at the end of the Argolic Gulf. The landfall of Danaos as an immigrant to the Greek Peninsula, the port became a vast manorial sprawl (for its times) as the home seat for the branch royal house of the Persëid Dynasty called the house of Alkaios. It was also the shoreline footing to the main carvan route up and over the alpine highlands to its west.

Lesbos I.
The major island that shapes the Adrymittion Strait between itself and the Trojan realm of Dardania. Ruled by the House of Assarakos, itself a feudatory of High Kingdom Troias.

Leukadios
The son-of-Ikarios by his father’s late teenage years marriage to Polykastë, a sacral princess over the Aetolians. His brother was Alyzeos. The Ancient Greeks gave his name to the modern Island of Leukas, but that name and his own were interchangeable toponyms for the island while it did not yet connect to the north mainland Greek Peninsula. Its modern day isthmus of shoals and man-made causeway have it connected to the mainland.[Loo-HAHD-ee-oss, OG, but Leff-KAH-thee-oss, MG]

Levant/-ines
The general name for all inhabitants of the broad littoral along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. It was called its name for where the Helios the Sun “levitates” upon his morning rises, but it actually was a lowland corridor between the Hatti North and Egypt, over which the latter imperium long had declared its hegemony. The Pharaoh Rameses II lost all Egyptian coastal and inland possessions since the Battle of Qadesh in 1286 BC, although a peace treaty sealed by an imperial marriage had rendered the coastal fortress harbor cities neutral free ports since 1278 BC.

Lindhos Cove
The main port and fortress bastion of Rhodes Island while the matriarchate of Queen Polyxo and her consortship with Tlepolemos. It still dominated over the Mycenaean/Argive trade coastal colonies upon the north shore of Rhodes.[LEEN-thoss, OG Cretan]

Lothröos
A descendant by patrilineage from the lesser dynastic house over the Echinades Isles, so long as they were united under the Pterelids before the advent of Cephalos. A successor to his great grandfather Pterelaus the Great, L. was a leading naval adjutant to Laërtes while the Second Wanax over the Cephallenes was their sole ruler. He is the Battle Commodore over the veteran Far Fleets, which he’s been charged to patrol along the North Rim Sea (along the coastal passage, that is, that’s offshore of later Thrace).[LOW-throw-oss, OG Northwestern].

Lycia/Lukka
A relatively obscure High Kingdom of Anatolia and a neighbor to the Karians in fellowship as Arsuwans. CGM has Lycia a recently acceded matriarchate to patriarchal rule by the House of Sarpedon, as founded in the 16th century BC by the third son-of-Europa. The patriarchy established by a succession of rulers named Sarpedon, it is under its young king, the son of the last matriarch Laodameia. He has made his brother Glaukos co-regent since his failed suit of Helen (By EGM he’s supposed a suitor but often disputed as such by CGM).[LOOK-ee-ah, OG, but LOOK-yah. LGE]

Lyngkeos
The younger son of Aphareus, the High Chief co-regent of Andania by succession to Pereïres and Gorgophonë. Reputed for his keenness of eyesight, he is otherwise undistinguished while his brief lifetime.[LEENG-keh-uss, AG]

Maionia
A precursor to the ancient realms of Medea and Lydia, it was for Anatolia of the imperial Hatti the High Kingdom over which the House of Tantalos ruled in the LABA. The Hatti called Maionia, we think, the Shea River Land, whereas the later Greeks called that river the Hermus. Tanatalos I lost his coastal petty kingdoms to High Prince Ilus of Troias through a policing action against the constant depredation by pirates and brigands in late 15th and early `14th centuries BC.

Mallia
A famous coastal dig of considerable revelation of Crete’s Late Palace Era, we can’t know much about this once imperial prefecture afterwards the ultimate collapse of Minoa in 1352 BC. We think it remained an important rural seat, but it did not achieve what Homer’s infers if its importance until after the Mycenaean Age was over. Gournia, however, remained a major metropol over the maritime commerce of Crete as focused upon the Anatol and the Archipelago.

Mantinia
An important Brotherhood of the Highlanders by its alpine plateaus upon the Peloponnesus. They were earliest among the Highlanders to pledge loyalty and service to Menelaos in his plight beyond the abduction of Helen.

Mëandros River
Often called the Meander, this immense river of many coils and confluences with feeding streams was the major west to east corridor in service to the Hatti imperium. The Hatti Great Kings could not entrust the status of a High Kingdom autonomously ruled to the indigenous, often rebellious Arsuwans. Those natives proved unable to throw off the mantle of the Hatti, and, accordingly, they suffered vice-royal administration on account of their many attempts.

Medon
An important Near and Far Fleet Commander during Odysseus’ generation of leading naval supremes over the Cephallenes. Perhaps 5 to 10 years older than his War Wanax, he was an obedient and most effective subordinate as the adjutant naval commander in service to the Embassy’s flotilla.

Menelaos
The so-called Wilderness Wanax over the Highlanders, he’s the husband of Helen since early 1265 BC. Since her abduction by Alexander of Wilusas in early 1263, he has been rallying her suitors under the pledge taken in Lakonia during the Trial-of-Helen in 1260. His coalition stands for a “just war” by all of the Great Land for cause of Helen’s restoration to her subject Highlanders.

Mentör
The son-of-Alkimos, he is our surrogate for LABA’s literacy by Linear B Oldest Greek. An artist at the taking of dictation for short-hand entablature drafting, he is the Master behind the Archival & Royal Chronicles. A teenage ward of the House of Cephalos in the far west, since late 1261 BC he had become Helen’s leading plenipotentiary and since 1259 Menelaos’ foremost advisor on sovereign diplomacy for the highland nation race.

Mesa`oria
The heavily forested mid-rift of Alashiya Island, modern Cyprus, by which the ample watershed and reservoirs that served the southern coastal plain of Cinyras’ High Kingdom.[MEH-sah-HORE-yah, OG]

MesaPontos
The LABA name for the modern Sea of Marmara that lies between the Bosporos and Cape Hellë of the Dardanelles. The sea so-called lay between the Sluice and the Strait of Dardanos, respectively so-called.

Methana