CONTENTS
Self
Knowing Yourself: Your Vocation And Purpose
Self-Motivation
Courage And Confidence
Self-Esteem
Overcoming Your Fears
Emotional Management
Mind
Vision
Discipline
Knowledge
Controlling Your Thoughts
Body
Basic Physiology
Eating Right And Nutrition: Part 1
Eating Right And Nutrition: Part 2
Exercise For Men
Exercise For Women
Heart
First—Be Happy
Understanding Men
Understanding Women
Successful Relationships
Successful Families
People
Personality Types
Social Intelligence
Communication Skills
Listening Skills
Time
Time Management
Planning
Goal Setting
Achieving Balance
Change
Change Your Habits
Change Yourself
Success Principles
Leadership
“Read in the name of thy Lord and Cherisher, Who created -
Created man, out of a clot of congealed blood:
Read and thy Lord is Most Bountiful,
He Who taught (the use of) the pen,
Taught man that which he knew not.”
The Holy Qur’an (96:1–5)
(Yusuf Ali English Translation)
PREFACE
The 7 Gates of Phi is a journey of self-discovery and progressive transformation. Anyone with the conviction and desire to change can apply the principles in this book to help them bring out their best potential.
Each gate represents an important milestone in the reader’s journey.
Starting with basic self-awareness concepts and moving through each gate until the final module prepares the reader to enter the phase of ‘Change’—where they face the challenge of self-mastery.
The gates are further divided into sub-modules that represent the key skills required to ‘open’ that specific gate. You don’t have to read the book in order—but I highly recommend that you do.
I am still on my journey, still have many questions, and still seek many new experiences. This book is a synthesis of information that has helped me on my journey—a set of skills that continues to assist me to realize my true potential.
I have made many mistakes—some out of ignorance and others out of simply being human. However, as I have come to know the value of these skills—such as how to actively listen, how to project confidence, and how to recognize the subtle cues of social intelligence—I have begun to see the world differently. Simultaneously, the world has begun to react in a much more interesting and dynamic way.
I believe that certain prerequisites had to be met before I could compile this knowledge.
The first of these was an internal driving force that kept pushing me beyond my mediocre artistic creations and my grandiose concepts. It was a knife that slashed away at the narcissist who sat proudly in the back of my mind. My internal self-critic was insatiable and in constant need of evolution and progress.
Another crucial factor in the journey of my self-development has been the need to be humble and assume ignorance. To choose to learn from everyone and everything—no matter who or what they are.
It is only natural that the importance of spirituality be touched upon, because it is the pillar of my balance. It is my conviction and faith in the oneness of my Creator, Allah, that has granted me gratitude and given me my own sense of morality. It yields my values, my strength at times of turmoil, and my patience. There are so many paths to travel to find our spiritual homes, and we will all open different doors. My faith allows me to be confident, assertive, and accept others with respect and an open mind.
Integrity, respect, and dedication—those values have never let me down, and letting go of them is a sure way to nourish my nightmares.
I don’t take life too seriously. I love to play with reality, and I live to laugh. I always keep a part of my mind open like that of a child. I am receptive to opportunity; I keep active and always value the scarcity of time.
I will not say that I am anywhere near the point where I have skillfully and successfully applied the principles in this book—but I will say that I will always continue to try.
The first gate awaits you.
SELF
KNOWING YOURSELF: YOUR VOCATION AND PURPOSE
Everyone has his own specific vocation or mission in life; everyone must carry out a concrete assignment that demands fulfillment. Therein he cannot be replaced, nor can his life be repeated, thus, everyone’s task is unique as his specific opportunity to implement it.
—Viktor E. Frankl
Personal Portraits
A few months before my sixteenth birthday, I found myself thrust into the world of college. I really had no clue what to do with my life or what to study. In the first year alone, I changed my area of specialization from engineering to computer science to economics.
Sitting wide-eyed and awed in my calculus class, trying to make sense of difficult concepts like integration and differentiation, I felt that I might have made the wrong choice. Perhaps I would find my calling in the liberal arts, I thought. I dabbled in the fields of philosophy, sociology, and psychology. I have to admit that I discovered many interesting concepts in the field of psychology. I decided to enroll in various psychology courses to learn more. I still feel very passionate about the study of the human mind. However, as a college student, I had yet to find something that really inspired and motivated me.
I recall returning home one day to find my older brother and his friend camped out at the dining room table. They were trying to come up with ideas for a marketing campaign for a new product. As I stood in the corner of the room and listened to the flurry of ideas about television commercials, radio jingles, brand strategies, storyboards, and communication design, I had a eureka moment.
I remember asking my brother if he and his friend were discussing some side project that they were working on. He explained that it was an assignment for a mass communication course. It was at that moment that I realized I had found my true calling.
The next morning, I marched into the mass communication department and changed my major for the last time.
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The Man in the Tree
Driving down the wrong road and knowing it,
The fork years behind, how many have thought,
To pull up on the shoulder and leave the car,
Empty, strike out across the fields; and how many
Are still amazed among dock and thistle,
Seeking the road they should have taken?
(Damon Knight, 1984)
The Background
Really knowing yourself is the mother of all knowledge.
Consider the following questions: What drives you? What are you passionate about? Why are you here? Where are you going with your life? Are you contributing to your personal growth? Are you contributing to other people’s happiness? What is it that drives you to work? Is it money, fame, power, or purpose?
If you don’t regularly ask yourself those questions, you can never realize your true potential. However, the only thing worse than not knowing yourself is believing that you know it all—as the old saying goes, “Jack of all trades, master of none.”
In his book Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap … And Others Don’t,1 management guru James C. Collins uses a simple parable to explain what he calls the “hedgehog concept.” It is fairly simple, but it contains powerful truths that can be used to discover just who you are and what your purpose may be.
Every outward journey begins with a journey within. (Anonymous)
Here is the story:
One day, a hedgehog and a fox meet in the forest. The fox is a cunning, shrewd, and intelligent creature who believes in his ability to do anything he puts his mind to—anything at all. The hedgehog, by contrast, is a humble creature who is not very good at many things, except for one—rolling into a ball to protect himself.
Suddenly, from a nearby thicket comes a ferocious beast, hungry and intent on finding dinner. The fox reacts by panicking and running through his considerable list of tricks to escape the beast, going from one to the other. However, in his panic and haste he cannot manage to get away from the beast and, unfortunately, is eaten.
The beast does not want to have anything to do with the hedgehog, though, who curls himself into a ball for protection at the first sign of danger, his sharp spines poking outwards. The beast soon leaves, and the hedgehog is left alone—alive.
What is the moral of this story? That it is better to do one thing extremely well than to be mediocre at many things and not do them nearly as well.
Remember the hedgehog as we go through this discussion.
A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles. (Christopher Reeve)
Definitions
Purpose: a reason, motivation, or underlying cause of an action; a sense of who one is and his/her ambitions, desires, and skills.
Vocation: a regular occupation, especially one for which a person is particularly suited or qualified.
The Process
When a man does not know what harbor he is making for, no wind is the right wind. (Seneca)
When you think about yourself, what comes to mind? What purpose do you think you have?
If you say, “Well, I’m not sure I have one,” you will be relieved to know that everyone has a purpose. You just have not found yours yet, and that’s okay. That comes with personal development and the growth process. Every person has a purpose, some reason why he is here. We will talk more about purpose and why it matters later. But first, we will talk about something that can be just as important: your vocation.
You Are What You Do
Your work or your job is your self-portrait. You must paint it with excellence. If you are not happy in your job, ask yourself why you are still in it.
Quite simply, you are what you do.
Vocation is not necessarily just a job, by the way; it is what you dedicate your life to doing, which is similar to a purpose. For many self-aware people, their vocation happens to be their job. However, some work at a particular place of employment for money but view themselves, for example, as artists even though they do not make a living from their artwork.
Either way, you are what you do. We define ourselves by the effort and labor we put forth, so our vocation tends to determine how we feel about ourselves.
A warrior … feeds his body well; he trains it; works on it. Where he lacks knowledge, he studies. But above all he must believe. He must believe in his strength of will, of purpose, of heart and soul. (David Gemmel)
Your Vocation and Your Happiness
Our sense of happiness is a complex concept that depends on a variety of factors. As mentioned above, most people derive their happiness about or discontent with life largely from their jobs. In fact, a recent survey conducted in the United States found that the majority of workers—55 percent—were dissatisfied with their jobs, and this dissatisfaction was causing significant unhappiness in their lives.
Here is why this is so important.
You spend so much time at your job or vocation that it has a significant impact on your self-esteem and self-image.
If you want to be happy, you have to find a way to be happy with what you do. That is why vocation matters.
You will recognize your own path when you come upon it, because you will suddenly have all the energy and imagination you will ever need. (Jerry Gillies)
Why Purpose Matters
“Okay,” you say, “vocation matters. But what about purpose?”
Purpose matters as well—in fact, having a strong sense of purpose in your life may be the one key factor that determines whether or not you are truly happy.
You can be successful in life without a clear purpose, but does this mean you will be happy, or even content? No. There are plenty of successful individuals in the world who are not content with life because they have not yet found their true purpose—their calling—in life.
Let’s face it: not doing what you are supposed to do—not fulfilling your purpose in life—and not being who you are supposed to be is no way to live. It feels empty and will never give you a sense of satisfaction or happiness.
I think the purpose of life is to be useful, to be responsible, to be honorable, to be compassionate. It is, after all, to matter: to count, to stand for something, to have made some difference that you lived at all. (Leo C. Rosten)
So what does a purpose—a calling in life—look like? And how does it benefit you?
Motivation
A purpose, first and foremost, is powerfully motivating. When you know your purpose, your calling, you are driven to succeed and pursue it—whatever it may be. This will impact other areas of your life as well.
Passion
A purpose gives you passion about a particular topic or subject. You become so captivated with what you are doing that life is filled with exuberance and joy. What you do in pursuit of your purpose may be dreary and disappointing at times, but the passion is always there.
Direction
Having a purpose gives you a strong sense of direction. In this day and age, direction is always a good thing. As humans, we are forward-looking creatures. We want to know what’s coming up ahead. Having a clear direction allows you to accomplish truly great things—once you know your purpose.
When you see what you’re here for, the world begins to mirror your purpose in a magical way. It’s almost as if you suddenly find yourself on a stage in a play that was written expressly for you. (Betty Sue Flowers)
Finding Your True Purpose
Ask yourself these three simple questions:
1. What is it that you are truly passionate about? What energizes you and gets you excited as you start each day?
2. What are your primary strengths, skills, and talents? What do you excel at? (This could pertain to a hobby that you’ve never really considered pursuing as a career. It could also be related to a skill you have mastered.)
3. What would drive your economic engine? What can you do to make a living from this hobby?
Now, review these answers and look for the common thread that flows through them. The area where your answers overlap is your “hedgehog” (remember the story at the beginning of this module?). That is where you shine—what you do best. It is something you do extremely well that stirs your passion and can support you financially.
Mind you, this small exercise may not give you all the answers, but it can definitely help you to start thinking and move you toward finding your true purpose and calling in life.
True happiness is not attained through self-gratification, but through fidelity to a worthy purpose. (Helen Keller)
Exercises
Now that you have determined your purpose and figured out what you’d really like to be doing with your life, here is an action plan for implementing the necessary changes to make it happen.
1. Evaluate Your Life’s Roadmap
On a piece of paper, make an outline of where you would like to go with your life. Brainstorm about your life’s purpose. Start with your hedgehog. Be creative and don’t limit your thoughts. Think of the impossible. Believe it and you can achieve it.
2. Ask Yourself More Questions
What are you naturally interested in?
What activities motivate and energize you?
What do you want to accomplish in your life?
What would you do if you knew that failure was not an option?
What would you do if money was not a limitation?
Do you believe that people have power and influence over the results they get in their lives?
3. Evaluate Your Job
Identify and acknowledge the problems with your current job.
Next begin to visualize your dream job; one that would make you truly happy and make the best use of your skills and personal resources.
Ask yourself what you like about your job now. What would you need to do to leapfrog from your current job profile to your dream profile?
4. Track Your Progress
Keep a record or journal of your discovery of your purpose. Review your journal periodically.
People who consider themselves victims of their circumstances will always remain victims unless they develop a greater vision for their lives. (Stedman Graham)
You Can Do It!
Hopefully you now see how extremely important vocation and purpose are to your life. Remember: always try to examine yourself objectively and evaluate your life.
Who are you? What do you want to do? Who do you want to be?
Step away every now and then and look at where you are going. We are all unique, and we all have a unique purpose and calling. Find yours. The rest will begin to happen on its own.
I’ve come to believe that each of us has a personal calling that’s as unique as a fingerprint—and that the best way to succeed is to discover what you love and then find a way to offer it to others in the form of service, working hard, and also allowing the energy of the universe to lead you. (Oprah Winfrey)
Further Reading
Collins, James C. (2001). Good to Great: Why Some Companies Make the Leap … And Others Don’t. New York: HarperCollins.
Leider, Richard. (1997). The Power of Purpose: Creating Meaning in Your Life and Work. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
SELF-MOTIVATION
A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
—Chinese proverb
Personal Portraits
Apparently, I’m an excellent guitarist, songwriter, and live performer. This is not my inflated opinion of myself, but something I have been told many times by many different people. I have never studied music formally and actually hated music classes in school. So how can this be?
Well, I found my path to music later in life. There was a point in time before Jimi Hendrix, Pink Floyd, and jazz when I was lost in the mundane madness of the charts. It was meaningless to me. However, I recall a turning point in my life when I was fifteen and first heard a live album by Dire Straits called Alchemy. That was my first “real” exposure to progressive rock music.
So my mother bought me a classical guitar as a graduation present. I hadn’t a clue as to what to do. I bought books, spoke to guitarists, watched films, and basically locked myself up for six months. My friends actually remember that time in my life where I disappeared to form a bond with my new guitar. And when I emerged, I was playing music.
I removed the strings and stuck colored dots on certain notes on the guitar fret board so that I could learn the scales in my mind. I practiced ten hours a day until my fingers bled and callouses grew on my fingertips. I learned about chords, harmony, scales, modes, and the art of song writing. I still recall the feeling when I actually managed to play for about twenty seconds without the strings buzzing, without being out of time, and without messing up the chord shapes. It was a moment of simultaneous realization and joy—“Oh my God! I’m making music!” I was also surrounded by guitarists, drummers, poets, and artists at the time who inspired me and taught me.
Eighteen years later—I still play my guitar every day.
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What could you accomplish in your life if you were self-motivated? Who would you be?
If you are like most people, with the right amount of self-motivation you would do, achieve, and be everything you’ve ever wanted. Nothing could hold you back. Nothing could stop you from being fulfilled, accomplished, and successful.
If only you had that elusive and powerful personal force known as self-motivation.
The Latin root of the word motivation means “to move”—to take action. In order to achieve anything in life, you must first act. Action is fueled by self-motivation. It takes a lot of work to become a fulfilled individual; self-motivation is a significant part of the process.
In this module, you’ll find powerful insights about self-motivation that will help you fully realize your talents and strengths.
The Background
Let me relate a story to you of a young man who wanted nothing more than to be a great warrior. The problem was that he was born with only one arm and was constantly told by everyone that he could never be a great warrior.
He didn’t listen. He set out every day from a young age to work at his dream—exercising, practicing, and learning the arts and crafts of his trade. With years of hard training, he built his mind and body, bit by bit, into a finely honed instrument. But, because he had only one arm, all the other warriors in his village mocked him for his foolish efforts.
One fateful day, the village was attacked and every man in the settlement drew up arms and ran into battle. The tide of the battle was turning against the villagers, who were desperately looking for any chance at victory. The invaders outnumbered them, and soon the survivors were facing destruction.
The one-armed young man seized the opportunity. He drew his weapon and charged into battle. The years of hard, relentless practice had turned him into a truly powerful and disciplined warrior. With his leadership and skill, the village turned the tables and defeated the invaders.
This young man realized his dream—not because someone told him he was worthy or gave him constant support. He had the one powerful attribute that carried him through the years of hard effort to the ultimate payoff.
But with a purpose, everything in life seems to fall into place. To be on purpose means you’re doing what you love to do, doing what you’re good at and accomplishing what‘s important to you. When you are on purpose the people, resources, and opportunities you need naturally gravitate to you. (Jack Canfield, The Success Principles)
Self-Motivation
Self-motivation plays an incredibly important role in becoming the person you want to be. You see, at the end of the day you are the only one who can really motivate you to do anything at all. At some point, your external support will fail. When that day comes, if you lack self-motivation, what will happen?
Definitions
Self-motivation: the ability to motivate, inspire, and drive yourself without any outside help.
Initiative: an introductory act or step; one’s personal, responsible decision to take action.
Empowerment: a feeling of self-reliance, self-motivation, and/or initiative that enables you to take action.
The Process
Beginning any journey in life requires three things:
• a plan or direction,
• a purpose,
• and a first step.
You probably won’t succeed if you skip any of those three things. If you have a purpose and a first step but no plan, how will you know where you are going? If you have a plan and a first step, but no purpose, how will you know why you are going in that direction? And if you have a plan and a purpose but no first step, when will you ever begin? You must have all three if you ever want to accomplish anything. But there is something else you need, one other quality that unites all three.
It is the power and drive of self-motivation - the quality that sets you up for success when you begin to achieve the goals you have established for yourself in your life.
How Self-Motivation Works
Self-motivation is one of those concepts that sound so simple and obvious. You just have to convince yourself to do something, right? Well, while it may sound simple, a lot of people have problems properly motivating themselves. I’ve met countless people who have all the talent and skills to succeed but somehow can’t get themselves to actually take action.
This is where initiative and empowerment come in to play. Self-motivation allows you to empower yourself and seize the initiative to do whatever you want to do. There are three components of self-motivation: positive thinking, a forward-looking perspective, and goal setting. Let’s look at these more closely.
Positive Thinking
There’s a moving story about two shoe salesmen who went to an isolated village in the middle of nowhere to research the potential of the shoe market there. They reported back to their boss with an update the next day -
The first salesman seemed distressed and said, “Boss, that village has no potential—nobody wears shoes.”
The second salesman was much more excited and reported, “Boss, that village has great potential—nobody wears shoes!”
As you can see, the second salesman was thinking in a much more positive way and he chose to have an optimistic view of the situation. I don’t think anyone who can really motivate themselves if they perceive the situation in a negative manner.
Whether you think you can, or you think you can’t—you’re right. (Henry Ford)
Forward-Looking Perspective
Here is a quick lesson on what separates winners from losers. Winners see potential for victory; they motivate themselves by looking forward to the finish line. Losers, on the other hand, see potential for defeat and they look at every possible reason for why they will not succeed and both perspectives end up becoming self-fulfilling prophecies.
Self-motivation requires a forward-looking perspective. Your brain is wired to spur itself into action based on how you look at the future. If you can look forward and see a positive future, you can begin to generate the force of self-motivation.
Goal Setting
We will talk about goal setting in more detail later on in the journey of personal development, but it needs a mention here because it is so important to self-motivation.
When you are motivating yourself, you are really taking action towards achieving a goal that you have set. These goals—the places you want to go and things you want to achieve—represent the finish line you should always keep your eyes on.
Put all three together—positive thinking, a forward-looking perspective, and goal setting—and you have self-motivation. When you are in a village where no one wears shoes, do the smart thing and open up a shoe store.
The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today. (Franklin D. Roosevelt)
Common Obstacles to Motivation
Fear
Kurt Lewin, a German psychologist, made a startling discovery about the achievement of goals. He found that the closer a person gets to accomplishing something - the more likely they will encounter the potentially negative consequences of reaching that goal. As a result, the person begins to avoid reaching the goal.
Do you know why? It’s fear.
Lewin found that, most of the time, the fear of the consequences was worse than the consequences themselves. He called this the “approach-avoidance” theory. It shows how fear—fear of failure, fear of embarrassment, or fear of something unknown—is one of the main obstacles to motivation.
Recognizing that the fear is often far worse than the consequence itself is the key to staying self-motivated.
Rewards and Punishment
When you were a child, chances are you were disciplined based on a system of rewards and punishment. If you were good, you were rewarded. If you were bad, you were punished. This conditioning often continues into our adult lives, creating serious problems when it comes to motivating ourselves. As humans, we’re not very good at rewarding or punishing ourselves. In fact, experts like Edward Deci have found that people are more successful at motivating themselves when they seek to do a task based on the task itself, not because of reward or punishment.
Think about that for a moment. That suggests that a big part of self-motivation comes from focusing on the task itself, as well as how it benefits you and makes you feel, rather than worrying about rewards or punishment.
Taller Than the Tallest Problems
In considering the life and achievements of Rousseau, sociologists have often raised a provocative question: how did it come about that a man born poor, who lost his mother at birth and was deserted by his father, who was afflicted with a painful and humiliating disease, who was repudiated by society and civilization, who was driven from place to place as a dangerous rebel, who was suspected of crime and insanity, … how did it come about that this man, after his death, triumphed over Voltaire, transformed education, elevated the morals of France, inspired the Romantic movement and the French revolution, and influenced the philosophy of Kant?
Whether or not we wholly agree with their evaluation of Rousseau, his accomplishments seem truly remarkable when viewed against the stressful conditions of his early life. Although he suffered from serious emotional difficulties, he reached an unusually high level of achievement.
If he could do it, surely you and I can attempt the same.
Exercises
To help you better understand self-motivation, here are a few exercises.
1. The Power of Positive Thinking
The simple goal of this exercise is to help you get started with thinking positively. Take a piece of paper and write down five positive attributes you have. These should be things about yourself that you value. Review this list regularly.
2. The Three-Goal List
Take another piece of paper and write down three goals you have: one short-term goal (1–2 weeks), one mid-term goal (1–2 months), and one long-term goal (6–12 months).
3. What Motivates Me?
Take some time to consider what motivates you. What gets you really excited about a task?
Action Plan
Okay, this is where the real work begins. This is how you can actualize the potential you were born with and motivate yourself to realize all your dreams and goals.
If you follow this action plan closely, you will soon realize the power of self-motivation.
1. Establish a Goal
Every time you come across something you want to achieve, establish a goal. Be specific about what you want to accomplish. Write it down, and remember what you want to happen.
2. Establish “First Steps”
Getting started with any task is often the most difficult part. With regard to your chosen goal, what are the first tangible steps you can take to get started?
3. Daily Tasks
Find inspiration wherever you can, such as in quotes, music, or literature; whatever motivates you, read it, watch it, or listen to it daily.
Affirm yourself. Consider your positive traits and abilities (e.g., “I’m thoughtful and compassionate”); remind yourself of them often.
4. Track Your Progress
Keep a record or journal of your journey. Write down the things you are doing to develop self-motivation. Review your journal regularly.
You Can Do It!
Anyone can develop self-motivation—no matter who they are or what their circumstances are. You have the incredible power within you to motivate yourself, reach your goals, and become the person you long to be. Stay positive, look to the future, and set goals. Always look for ways to affirm yourself and find inspiration in the world around you. You’ll quickly discover that you can motivate yourself—and that is a very powerful thing.
Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice. It is not a thing to be waited for, it is a thing to be achieved. (Jeremy Kitson)
Further Reading
Deci, Edward. (1995). Why We Do What We Do: Understanding Self-Motivation. New York: Penguin Books.
Covey, Stephen. (1989). The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People. New York: Free Press.
COURAGE AND CONFIDENCE
Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear—not absence of fear.
—Mark Twain
Personal Portraits
One of the strangest things that I have learned about myself is that my internal state and self-talk affects my reality in such a profound way that sometimes I feel that the results I get in life are totally related to the inner workings of my mind. In other words, if I believe I am powerful and confident and strong—and really have conviction—everything in my environment reacts accordingly. And if I feel weak or insecure or passive, I get negative results. To some of us this is common sense, but for others who don’t know how to quiet the random thoughts that our subconscious minds conjure up, it can be a difficult struggle.
I remember my first job after graduating from college when I was nineteen. I was inventing toys to help sell hamburgers to children. That’s true. My official title was “Kid’s Marketing Coordinator.” It was definitely a fun job for a fresh graduate. Three months into the role, I was sent to Hong Kong and then asked to make a presentation to the board of directors. I felt extremely anxious and afraid. I thought about everything that could go wrong. I imagined scenarios in which I would just freeze in front of the management or I would forget my lines or I would trip or faint or something else terrible. But the strange thing is, I never imagined my success. I didn’t see myself being bold, walking straight and proudly, and delivering the presentation with authority and confidence. That was the moment when I realized that sometimes I have to be conscious of these thoughts and try to control them.
When I began to imagine and believe that I had the resources, strength, and confidence to excel at my task, I began to act that way. And the more I focused on my preferred results, the more my behavior became congruent with my positive vision.
I gave an outstanding presentation to a board of twelve senior executives—and I was just a nineteen-year-old kid, fresh out of college. This was all because I chose to focus on the desired outcome and to harness the strength and courage to be confident in my delivery, even though deep down inside, I was still extremely scared.
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Are you a courageous person?
When you think of courage, what comes to mind? If you’re like a lot of people, you may envision powerful warriors striding into battle, brave explorers and adventurers, risk-takers, or death-defying daredevils. What many people do not realize is that anyone can be courageous—and being courageous may not be quite what you think.
In this module, you’ll discover what it really means to be courageous and confident. What you learn may surprise you, but it will also definitely enlighten you and provide you with ways to gain more courage and confidence in your own life.
Background
What is courage, and why is it important? Why do you need confidence? Is there a difference between confidence and arrogance?
We will discuss why confidence is such an important trait—and how, sometimes, being confident means having courage. We will also explore what courage really means as opposed to what people often think it means.
Most successful people have both confidence and courage—an unshakeable belief in their own abilities. Even when they lack confidence, they know that if they act as if they are confident, they’ll succeed.
If you have issues with confidence or courage, don’t worry. Everyone does at some point. Remember the Cowardly Lion in the Wizard of Oz? Or Sinbad during his seven voyages? Both faced trials and tribulations, and both had to muster up enough courage to overcome them.
You can, too. With a bit of courage and confidence, you can make it through anything.
Find yourself, for courage and confidence are as easy as breathing to the person who really knows who he is. (Vernon Howard)
Definitions
Courage: acting in the presence—not absence—of fear.
Confidence: assurance; freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities.
Perseverance: steady persistence in a course of action; continuing a purpose despite difficulties.
The Process
It is not the critic who counts; nor the man who points out how the strong man stumbled, or where the doer of deeds could have done better.
The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena; whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly. If he fails, at least he fails while daring greatly; so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat. (Theodore Roosevelt)
In pre-Islamic times around the year 525, a poet and warrior by the name of Antarah Ibn Shaddad was born in Najd (northern Saudi Arabia). He was placed into servitude at an early age but did not remain a slave for long. He quickly made a name for himself as a brave and courageous warrior who helped his master’s tribe defend itself from a rival in battle. As a result, he was granted his freedom and went on to become a great poet who often wrote about courage and heroism in battle. Antarah’s works have become noted for representing courage and chivalry—and serve as a good example for us of what courage means.
And, verily, I remember the advice of my uncle, in the battle, when the two lips quiver from off the white teeth of the mouth, In the thick of the battle, of which the warriors do not complain of the rigors, except with an unintelligible noise. When my people defended themselves with me against the spears of the enemy, I did not refrain from them through cowardice, but the place of my advance had become too straight. (Antarah Ibn Shaddad)
Being Courageous
Courage is the ability to act in the presence of fear. Some people may think that being courageous means having no fear, but there is nothing wrong with being afraid. There is something wrong, however, with not being able to act when you’re afraid. You don’t want fear to paralyze you so that you take no action at all.
Courage, then, is making the decision to act even if something worries you, concerns you, or frightens you. Dealing with fear, obstacles, and problems takes more courage than dealing with positive, stress-free situations.
If you lack courage and confidence, the goal is to overcome your fear of fear.
A Winner’s Prayer
Let me win. But if I cannot win, at least let me be brave in the attempt. (Anonymous)
Actions As Well As Thoughts
Being courageous isn’t just about how you act—it’s also a mindset. Think about how you handle adversity. Did you know that how you see a situation determines how you act in that situation? It’s true. To be courageous, you must adopt the mindset of a courageous person—that you will carry on and persevere, no matter what. This brings us to prerequisites.
Prerequisites
Courage requires two prerequisites—determination and motivation. After all, sometimes getting past fear just means turning a blind eye to what scares you and pressing on.
Being courageous means you have something motivating you to act—some purpose that is worth the difficulty. Remember our discussion about self-motivation? That is absolutely crucial to developing courage in yourself.
Now let’s look at how courage and confidence go hand in hand.
Keys to Confidence
How would you describe a confident person? Someone who looks confident? Speaks confidently? Confidence is, simply put, a belief that you can accomplish whatever you set your mind to. When you are confident, you are optimistic, relaxed, calm, upbeat and positive. When you lack confidence, you are pessimistic, stressed, worried, frantic and negative.
Fortunately, confidence comes through three simple routes: positive thinking, strong beliefs, and perspective.
Positive Thinking
We have already discussed how positive thinking can help with self-esteem. It also plays a big role in confidence. If you think positively, it’s easy to feel confident. This is because a positive mindset allows you to see the possibilities in anything. Remember this: confidence, like so much else, is a self-fulfilling prophecy. If you think you have confidence, you will be confident. If you don’t think you are confident, you won’t be. You are what you think; you become what you think about.
Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage. (Anais Nin)
Strong Beliefs
Confident people have strong values, beliefs, and standards. They rest on them as a house rests on a foundation. To be confident means to have strong beliefs about not only yourself, but also what you do and your purpose in life.
Perspective
It always helps to remember to pay attention to perspective. One trick to gaining confidence is to look at it from another person’s perspective. Is what you are facing really as bad as your mind makes it out to be?
When you keep things in perspective you’ll find it easier to be confident.
Acting in the Presence of Fear
Of course, both courage and confidence involve acting in the presence of fear. Remember: everyone feels fear at one point or another. It’s not about feeling afraid; it’s about what you do when fear arises.
Here are three ways to act even when fear is present.
Visualization
Picture the problem in your mind. Try to “see” the situation and your fear. Imagine the fear. Visualizing fear or doubt allows you to understand it, and understanding it is the best way to make it insignificant.
Affirmation
Tell yourself constantly that you are confident, courageous, and capable of handling whatever lies before you. Keep in mind that what you tell yourself is what you believe, and what you believe will become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Strength and Weaknesses
Know yourself—your strengths as well as your weaknesses. When you have an accurate opinion of yourself, you know your limits and what you can and cannot handle. That will make you more confident and assured in any situation.
An Example of Courage and Confidence—Nelson Mandela
In 1962, a man by the name of Nelson Mandela was arrested in South Africa for opposing the South African government, which favored a policy of racial segregation and oppression known as apartheid. Mandela stayed in prison for twenty-seven years—twenty-seven long, dreary years, doing hard labor in a depressing and miserable place. During this time, he was allowed only one visitor and one letter every six months. It was a terrifying existence.
But one day—on February 11, 1990 to be exact—Nelson Mandela walked out of prison a free man. He eventually became the president of South Africa and has become a symbol for courage and strength in the midst of terrible adversity.
Exercises
Below are three exercises that can help you cultivate courage and confidence in yourself.
1. Facing Your Fears
Write down three to five of your biggest fears. Be specific. What makes you afraid of them?
2. Positive Thinking
Reflect on one positive trait you’ve identified. Does this make you feel confident?
3. Courage and Confidence around You
Take a look at your family, friends, and co-workers. Are any of them confident and courageous? What makes them that way? What can you learn from them?
Action Plan
Being confident and courageous is all about thinking and acting confidently and courageously. Here is an action plan that can help you develop those strengths and use them down the road to change your life for the better.
1. Facing Your Fears Again
Identify actions you can take to counter or get over the fears you listed previously—and then make a commitment to do them.
2. SWOT Analysis
SWOT stands for “Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.” Whenever you encounter a situation that causes fear, concern, or doubt, do a “SWOT analysis” for the situation. Think of your strengths and weaknesses that apply to the situation. Then, look at whether you feel threatened by the situation. Also, consider what opportunities you will gain by dealing with the situation.
3. Goal Accomplishment
Identify three short-term goals that you can achieve fairly quickly and easily.
Accomplish them. When you set reachable goals for yourself and fulfill them, you build a track record of success—which in turn gives you confidence.
4. Track Progress
Keep a record or journal of your journey and what you are doing to develop courage and confidence. Review your journal periodically.
You Can Do It!
A “fearless” warrior has not learned to live without fear; he has instead learned to fight even though he is afraid. A person who rushes into a burning building to save someone is not acting without fear; he is choosing to act even though he is scared. He acts because he has an overriding reason for doing so.
You can be like these people every day of your life. Make a commitment to living with fear instead of without it, because living without fear is impossible. Remember: you become what you think about.
Stay positive and determined. As American president Franklin D. Roosevelt famously said, “We have nothing to fear but fear itself.”
I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. (Nelson Mandela)
Further Reading
Anderson, Walter. (1998). The Confidence Course: Seven Steps to Self-Fulfillment. New York: HarperCollins.
Warrell, Margie. (2008). Find Your Courage: 12 Acts for Becoming Fearless at Work and in Life. London: McGraw-Hill.
SELF-ESTEEM
A person’s worth in this world is estimated according to the value they put on themselves.
—Jean De La Bruyere
Personal Portraits
I really believe that everyone is capable of greatness. We are blessed with time, reason, love, and creativity. Why not create art, write books, build cities, make music, invent gadgets, and achieve self-actualization?
I wrote Paper Forest when I was a teenager. It was a frenzy of poems, ideas, prose, and raw unabridged emotion. For ten years, it lay in the dusty bottom of some creased box—waiting. Then came the time to complete it. So I typed it all, which took me about three months of on and off work. Next, I self-published it and made sure there was a copy sent to the US Library of Congress. Why? Because I value the creative talent that God has given me, and I felt that I deserved to publish my own poetry book. And when I did, it felt incredible. The first time I held it in my trembling hands and flipped through the pages, glimpsing sentences and phrases that I had written ten years earlier printed and bound in this little book … I felt extremely proud of myself.
I could now the accolade of “author” and “poet” to my list of achievements.
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There once was a small child who dreamed of becoming a great professor. He wanted to travel the world, speak several languages, read piles of books, deliver lectures to the masses, and bring knowledge and culture to the world.
As he grew older, he began to see that perhaps these great ambitions of his were a little too far-fetched. After all, although he thought he was smart, he didn’t believe he was that smart, and he definitely didn’t see himself as wise. He revised his dream and decided instead to become a pretty good professor at a great university that was closer to home.
As the boy approached adulthood, he began to see himself differently. Failures and difficulties had tempered his outlook on life. He revised his dream yet again. Surely someone as flawed as him couldn’t even be a pretty good professor. Instead, he would merely teach secondary school or, perhaps, just tutor students.
The boy eventually became an adult. As he passed through the years, he continued to doubt and degrade himself. Then, one day he woke up and realized that he was now an old man who had been working as a janitor at a local school for many years.
At the beginning, the child said, “I can do great things because I am great!” Now, the old man said, “I did not do anything great, because I was never great.”
Who do you think is correct?
You yourself, as much as anybody in the entire universe, deserve your love and affection. (Buddha)
Background
One of my favorite photos is that of a kitten looking in a mirror, and the reflection it sees is a lion. The caption says, “What matters most is how you see yourself.”