Table of Contents
Title page
Copyright page
Dedication
Figure List
Chapter 1: Anatomy
Chapter 2: Preventative Care and Vaccinations
Chapter 3: Nutrition
Chapter 4: Laboratory
Chapter 5: Imaging
Chapter 7: Emergency Medicine
Chapter 8: Patient Care Skills
Chapter 10: Wound Care and Bandaging
Chapter 11: Medical Procedures
Chapter 12: Anesthesia
Chapter 13: Dentistry
Chapter 14: Surgery
Color Plate
Preface
Summary of Key Features
Acknowledgments
Contributors
About the Companion Website
Section One: Anatomy
Chapter 1: Anatomy
Anatomy
Section Two: Preventative Care
Chapter 2: Preventative Care and Vaccinations
Physical Examinations
Vaccinations
Animal Care
Chapter 3: Nutrition
General Nutrition
Nutritional Support
Section Three: Diagnostic Skills
Chapter 4: Laboratory
Blood Chemistries
Bone Marrow Evaluation
Cytology
Function Tests
Hematology
Immunology and Serology Tests
Microbiology
Parasitology
Urinalysis
Chapter 5: Imaging
Radiology
Chapter 6: General Medicine
Cardiopulmonary
Dermatology
Endocrinology and Reproduction
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Infectious Diseases
Musculoskeletal
Neurology
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Urology
Chapter 7: Emergency Medicine
Emergency Medicine
Shock
Section Four: Patient Care Skills
Chapter 8: Patient Care Skills
Patient Care
Medical Nursing
Fluid Therapy
Blood Transfusions
Oxygen Therapy
Chapter 9: Pain Management
Pain Management
Pain Management Myths
Types of Pain
Pain Assessment
Pain Management Techniques
Nondrug Approach to Pain Management
Chapter 10: Wound Care and Bandaging
Wound Treatment and Bandaging
Bandages
Splints and Casts
Slings
Chapter 11: Medical Procedures
Bone Marrow Collection
Gastrointestinal Procedures
Ophthalmic Procedures
Respiratory Procedures
Urogenital Procedures
Section Five: Anesthesia and Anesthetic Procedures
Chapter 12: Anesthesia
Guidelines for Safe Anesthesia
Preanesthesia
Anesthesia
Anesthetic Administration
Perioperative
Postanesthetic
Anesthetic Drugs
Chapter 13: Dentistry
Dentistry
Anatomy
Dental Instruments and Equipment
Dental Prophylaxis
Common Dental Disorders
Radiology
Extractions
Chapter 14: Surgery
Surgical Procedures
Suture Techniques
Postoperative Care Protocol
Alternative Surgical Options
Section Six: Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacology
Chapter 15: Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Physical Rehabilitation
Chapter 16: Pharmacology
Appendix
Metric Units
Weights
Liquid Measure
Length
Kilograms to Body Surface Area (m2):
Disinfectants
Temperature Conversion
Abbreviations
Glossary
Bibliography
Supplemental Images
Index
This edition first published 2014 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
First edition, 2003 © Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson
Second edition, 2008 © Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson
Editorial offices: 1606 Golden Aspen Drive, Suites 103 and 104, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA
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The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Veterinary technician's daily reference guide : canine and feline / editors, Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson ; consulting editor, Valissitie Heeren. – Third edition.
1 online resource.
Preceded by: Veterinary technician's daily reference guide / Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson ; consulting editor, Valissitie Heeren. 2nd ed. 2008.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
ISBN 978-1-118-81061-3 (Adobe PDF) – ISBN 978-1-118-81062-0 (ePub) – ISBN 978-1-118-36350-8 (cloth) 1. Veterinary medicine–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Jack, Candyce M., editor. II. Watson, Patricia M., editor.
[DNLM: 1. Veterinary Medicine–methods–Handbooks. 2. Animal Technicians–Handbooks. 3. Cat Diseases–Handbooks. 4. Dog Diseases–Handbooks. SF 748.]
SF748
636.089–dc23
2013045867
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Cover images: Left and center: Candyce M. Jack; Right: Courtesy of Sally Lester, DVM, MVS, DACVP
Cover design by Nicole Teut
“To become a master at any skill, it takes the total effort of your: heart, mind, and soul working together in tandem.”
—Maurice Young
This book is dedicated to all the licensed veterinary technicians who are doing their best in working toward the advancement of our field while devoting themselves to providing the best care to their animal patients.
A special thanks to our consulting editor, Dr. Valissitie Heeren, who appreciates the value of this book in the veterinary field.
To all the people in the veterinary field who assisted in the review and improvement of this book—a heartfelt thank you. It is your dedication to this field that keeps bringing me back to update and enhance this book. Special thanks to Sandra Krause, LVT, and her dog, Gwen, for participating in the production of some of the radiographs and bandaging photos. Thank you for your support!
Patricia
To Saint George who reminds me daily to stop and make each moment last. To my children, Brenden, Brianna, and Julia, who forever inspire me in their own individual ways and, most importantly, to my husband, Jon, for keeping our world afloat and for loving and supporting me. Forever and always.
Candyce
Figure List
Figure 1.1 Overall
Figure 1.2 Palpation Landmarks
Figure 1.3 Regional Lymph Nodes
Figure 1.4 Musculature: Lateral View
Figure 1.5 Skeletal: Lateral View
Figure 1.6 Skeletal: Dorsal View
Figure 1.7 Internal Organs: Left Lateral View
Figure 1.8 Internal Organs: Right Lateral View
Figure 1.9 Internal Organs: Ventral View
Figure 1.10 Internal Organs: Liver and Kidney
Figure 1.11 Circulatory: Dorsal View of the Heart
Figure 1.12 Circulatory: Internal View of the Heart
Figure 1.13 Circulation: Heart Valves
Figure 1.14 Circulatory: Lateral View
Figure 1.15 Nervous System: Lateral View of the Brain
Figure 1.16 Nervous System: Lateral View
Figure 1.17 Urogenital: Ventral View, Female
Figure 1.18 Urogenital: Ventral View, Male
Figure 1.19 Urogenital: Lateral View, Male
Figure 1.20 Eye
Figure 1.21 Ear
Figure 2.1 Toe Nail Trim
Figure 2.2 Toe Nail Trim
Figure 3.1 Diet History Form
Figure 3.2 Weight Loss Plan Worksheet
Figure 3.3 MILA Esophagostomy Tube
Figure 3.4 MILA Nasogastric Tube
Figure 3.5 MILA PEG Tube
Figure 3.6 MILA Jejunostomy Tube
Figure 4.8 Blood Smear
Figure 4.9 Squash Preparation
Figure 4.10 Squash-Modified Preparation
Figure 4.11 Starfish Preparation
Figure 4.12 Cytology Evaluation Algorithm
Figure 4.18 Cytologic Criteria of Malignancy
Figure 4.40 Buffy Coat Evaluation
Figure 4.58 Slide Evaluation
Figure 4.87 Plate Inoculation
Figure 4.88 Butt Slant Inoculation
Figure 4.89 Broth Inoculation
Figure 4.94 Relative Size of Parasite Eggs
Figure 5.1 ↑ Radiographic Density
Figure 5.2 ↓ Radiographic Density
Figure 5.3 ↑ Radiographic Contrast
Figure 5.4 ↓ Radiographic Contrast
Figure 5.5 Directional terms
Figure 5.6 Abdomen, Lateral
Figure 5.7 Abdomen, VD
Figure 5.8 Pharynx, Lateral
Figure 5.9 Spine, Lateral
Figure 5.10 Spine, VD
Figure 5.11 Cervical Spine, lateral
Figure 5.12 Cervical Spine, VD
Figure 5.13 Thoracic Spine, Lateral
Figure 5.14 Thoracolumbar Spine, Lateral
Figure 5.15 Thoracolumbar Spine, VD
Figure 5.16 Lumbar Spine, Lateral
Figure 5.17 Lumbar Spine, VD
Figure 5.18 Sacral Spine, Lateral
Figure 5.19 Sacral Spine, VD
Figure 5.20 Shoulder, Lateral
Figure 5.21 Humerus, Lateral
Figure 5.22 Elbow, lateral
Figure 5.23 Elbow, Flexed Lateral
Figure 5.24 Elbow, Craniocaudal
Figure 5.25 Metacarpus, Lateral
Figure 5.26 Metacarpus, Dorsopalmar
Figure 5.27 Pelvis, Lateral
Figure 5.28 Pelvis, VD
Figure 5.29 Stifle, Lateral
Figure 5.30 Stifle, Caudocranial
Figure 5.31 Tibia and Fibula, Lateral
Figure 5.32 Tibia and Fibula, Caudocranial
Figure 5.33 Tarsus, Lateral
Figure 5.34 Tarsus, Dorsoplantar
Figure 5.35 Metatarsals and Phalanges, Dorsoplantar
Figure 5.36 Thorax, Lateral
Figure 5.37 Thorax, VD
Figure 7.1 Hemorrhage Pressure Points
Figure 7.2 CPR Algorithm
Figure 7.3 Postcardiac Arrest Care Algorithm
Figure 7.4 CPR Emergency Drugs and Doses
Figure 8.1 Blood Gas Algorithm
Figure 8.2 ECG, Normal
Figure 8.3 Normal Canine ECG
Figure 8.4 Atrial Fibrillation
Figure 8.5 Atrial Premature Complex
Figure 8.6 Sinus Arrhythmia
Figure 8.7 S-T Segment Depression
Figure 8.8 S-T Segment Elevation
Figure 8.9 Ventricular Fibrillation
Figure 8.10 Ventricular Premature Complex
Figure 8.11 Atrial Premature Contraction/Complex
Figure 8.12 ST-Segment Elevation
Figure 8.13 Ventricular Premature Contraction/Complex
Figure 10.1 Chest/Abdominal Bandage
Figure 10.2 Chest/Abdominal Bandage
Figure 10.3 Chest/Abdominal Bandage
Figure 10.4 Chest/Abdominal Bandage
Figure 10.5 Padding Prominences
Figure 10.6 Toe Padding
Figure 10.7 Toe Padding
Figure 10.8 Tape Stirrups
Figure 10.9 Tape Stirrups
Figure 10.10 Secondary Layer
Figure 10.11 Secondary Layer
Figure 10.12 Toe Wrap
Figure 10.13 Toe Wrap
Figure 10.14 Toe Wrap
Figure 10.15 Toe Wrap
Figure 10.16 Toe Wrap
Figure 10.17 Tertiary Layer
Figure 10.18 Tape Stirrups
Figure 10.19 Tape Stirrups
Figure 10.20 Tape Stirrups
Figure 10.21 Vet Wrap
Figure 10.22 Vet Wrap
Figure 10.23 Vet Wrap
Figure 10.24 Vet Wrap
Figure 10.25 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.26 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.27 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.28 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.29 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.30 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.31 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.32 Robert Jones Bandage
Figure 10.33 Tie-Over Suture
Figure 10.34 Tie-Over Suture
Figure 10.35 Tie-Over Suture
Figure 10.36 Distal Limb Splint
Figure 10.37 Distal Limb Splint
Figure 10.38 Distal Limb Splint
Figure 10.39 Distal Limb Splint
Figure 10.40 Ehmer Sling
Figure 10.41 Ehmer Sling
Figure 10.42 Ehmer Sling
Figure 10.43 Ehmer Sling
Figure 10.44 90-90 Flexion
Figure 10.45 90-90 Flexion
Figure 10.46 90-90 Flexion
Figure 10.47 Velpeau Sling
Figure 10.48 Velpeau Sling
Figure 10.49 Velpeau Sling
Figure 10.50 Hobbles
Figure 10.51 Hobbles
Figure 10.52 Hobbles
Figure 11.1 Bone Marrow Locations
Figure 12.1 Anesthetic Machine
Figure 12.2 Endotracheal Intubation
Figure 12.3 Normal Capnograph
Figure 12.4 Esophageal Intubation
Figure 12.5 Rebreathing
Figure 12.6 Hyperventilation
Figure 12.7 Hypoventilation
Figure 12.8 Partial or Complete Obstruction
Figure 12.9 Obstruction
Figure 13.1 Dentition: Canine and Feline
Figure 13.2 Cross Section of a Triple-Rooted Tooth
Figure 13.3 Skeletal Structure: Canine and Feline
Figure 13.4 Cross Section of Facial Structures: Canine and Feline
Figure 13.5 Handheld Nonmechanical Dental Instruments
Figure 13.6 Sample of a Patient's Dental Health Chart
Figure 13.7 Canine Dental Assessment Chart
Figure 13.8 Feline Dental assessment Chart
Figure 13.9 Rostral Maxillary View
Figure 13.10 Rostral Maxillary View
Figure 13.11 Rostral Maxillary Radiograph
Figure 13.12 Rostral Mandibular View
Figure 13.13 Rostral Mandibular Radiograph
Figure 13.14 Caudal Mandibular View
Figure 13.15 Caudal Mandibular Radiograph
Figure 13.16 Caudal Mandibular Radiograph
Figure 13.17 Rostral Mandibular View
Figure 13.18 Rostral mandibular radiograph
Figure 13.19 Rostral Maxillary View
Figure 13.20 Rostral Maxillary Radiograph
Figure 13.21 Caudal Maxillary View
Figure 13.22 Caudal Maxillary View
Figure 13.23 Caudal Maxillary radiograph
Figure 13.24 Maxillary View
Figure 14.1 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.2 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.3 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.4 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.5 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.6 Gown Wrapping
Figure 14.7 Drape Folding
Figure 14.8 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.9 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.10 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.11 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.12 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.13 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.14 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.15 Pack Wrapping
Figure 14.16 Surgical Scrub
Figure 1.7 Internal Organs: Left Lateral View
Figure 1.8 Internal Organs: Right Lateral View
Figure 1.9 Internal Organs: Ventral View
Figure 1.11 Circulatory: Dorsal View of the Heart
Figure 1.12 Circulatory: Internal View of the Heart
Figure 1.14 Circulatory: Lateral View
Figure 1.16 Nervous System: Lateral View
Figure 4.1 Cellularity
Figure 4.2 Maturation Stages of Megakaryocytes
Figure 4.3 Iron Storage
Figure 4.4 Erythroid Precursors
Figure 4.5 Granulocytic Precursors
Figure 4.6 Erythroid Hyperplasia
Figure 4.7 Granulocytic Hyperplasia
Figure 4.13 Nuclear Criteria of Malignancy
Figure 4.14 Clumped Chromatin
Figure 4.15 Prominent Nucleoli
Figure 4.16 Nucleoli
Figure 4.17 Mitotic Figures
Figure 4.19 Adenocarcinoma
Figure 4.20 Mammary Adenocarcinoma
Figure 4.21 Perianal Adenocarcinoma
Figure 4.22 Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Figure 4.23 Prostatic Carcinoma
Figure 4.24 Lipoma
Figure 4.25 Lipoma
Figure 4.26 Histiocytoma
Figure 4.27 Lymphoma
Figure 4.28 Lymphoma
Figure 4.29 Lymphoma, Large Cell
Figure 4.30 Mast Cell Tumor
Figure 4.31 Mast Cell Tumor
Figure 4.32 Mast Cell Tumor
Figure 4.33 Melanoma
Figure 4.34 Plasma Cell Tumor
Figure 4.35 Eosinophil Bronchitis
Figure 4.36 Hepatic Lipidosis
Figure 4.37 Basal Cell Tumor
Figure 4.38 Seroma
Figure 4.39 Cholesterol Crystals
Figure 4.41 Buffy Coat
Figure 4.42 Toxoplasma gondii
Figure 4.43 Mycobacterium avium
Figure 4.44 TransudateCP-9
Figure 4.45 Campylobacter
Figure 4.46 Clostridium
Figure 4.47 Spirochetes
Figure 4.48 Giardia
Figure 4.49 Yeast
Figure 4.50 Parabasal and Intermediate Cells
Figure 4.51 Intermediate and Superficial Intermediate Cells
Figure 4.52 Superficial Intermediate Cell
Figure 4.53 Superficial Cells
Figure 4.54 Proestrus
Figure 4.55 Proestrus
Figure 4.56 Late Metestrus
Figure 4.57 Late Metestrus
Figure 4.59 Agglutination
Figure 4.60 Agglutination
Figure 4.61 Canine IMHA Blood Smear
Figure 4.62 Canine Distemper
Figure 4.63 Heinz Bodies
Figure 4.64 Howell–Jolly Body
Figure 4.65 nRBCs and Spherocytes
Figure 4.66 Reticulocytes and Heinz Bodies
Figure 4.67 Leptocytes
Figure 4.68 Iron Deficiency
Figure 4.69 Iron Deficiency
Figure 4.70 Acanthocytes and Schistocytes
Figure 4.71 Babesia canis
Figure 4.72 Cytauxzoon felis
Figure 4.73 Mycoplasma haemocanis
Figure 4.74 Mycoplasma haemofelis
Figure 4.75 Neutrophils
Figure 4.76 Lymphocytes
Figure 4.77 Monocytes
Figure 4.78 Monocyte
Figure 4.79 Eosinophils
Figure 4.80 Basophils
Figure 4.81 Neutrophil, Eosinophil, and Basophil
Figure 4.82 Anisocytosis and Howell–Jolly Body
Figure 4.83 Megathrombocyte
Figure 4.84 Toxic Change
Figure 4.85 Toxic Change
Figure 4.86 Pelger–Huët
Figure 4.90 Aspergillus
Figure 4.91 Cryptococcus
Figure 4.92 Malassezia
Figure 4.93 Microsporum canis
Figure 4.95 Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Figure 4.96 Ancylostoma caninum
Figure 4.97 Ancylostoma tubaeforme
Figure 4.98 Cryptosporidium
Figure 4.99 Cryptosporidium spp.
Figure 4.100 Didylidium caninum
Figure 4.101 Dirofilaria immitis
Figure 4.102 Echinococcus granulosus
Figure 4.103 Giardia
Figure 4.104 Giardia
Figure 4.105 Isospora spp.
Figure 4.106 Nanophyetus salminocola
Figure 4.107 Taenia spp.
Figure 4.108 Toxocara canis
Figure 4.109 Toxocara cati
Figure 4.110 Toxoplasma gondii
Figure 4.111 Trichuris vulpis
Figure 4.112 Uncinaria stenocephala
Figure 4.113 Cheyletiella
Figure 4.114 Ctenocephalides canis
Figure 4.115 Cuterebra
Figure 4.116 Demodex canis
Figure 4.117 Dermacentor variabilis
Figure 4.118 Linognathus setosus
Figure 4.119 Otodectes cynotis
Figure 4.120 Rhipicehpalus sanguineus
Figure 4.121 Sarcoptes scabiei canis
Figure 4.122 Trichodectes canis
Figure 4.123 Bacteria
Figure 4.124 Bacteria
Figure 4.125 Bacteria
Figure 4.126 White Blood Cells
Figure 4.127 White Blood Cells
Figure 4.128 Epithelial Cells
Figure 4.129 Epithelial Cast
Figure 4.130 Fatty Cast
Figure 4.131 Granular Cast
Figure 4.132 Hyaline Cast
Figure 4.133 Red Blood Cell Cast
Figure 4.134 White Blood Cell Cast
Figure 4.135 Waxy Cast
Figure 4.136 Amorphous Phosphate Crystals
Figure 4.137 Amorphous Urate Crystals
Figure 4.138 Amorphous Biurate Crystals
Figure 4.139 Bilirubin Crystals
Figure 4.140 Calcium Carbonate Crystals
Figure 4.141 Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals
Figure 4.142 Cystine Crystals
Figure 4.143 Leucine Crystals
Figure 4.144 Sulfonamide Crystals
Figure 4.145 Triple Phosphate Crystals
Figure 4.146 Tyrosine Crystals
Figure 4.147 Uric Acid Crystals
Figure 4.148 Renal Epithelial Cells
Figure 4.149 Squamous Epithelial Cells
Figure 4.150 Transitional Epithelial Cells
Figure 4.151 Epithelial Cells and Lipid Droplets
Figure 4.152 Capillaria plica
Figure 4.153 Starch Granules
Figure 4.154 Yeast
Figure 9.1 CSU Canine Acute Pain Scale
Figure 9.2 CSU Feline Acute Pain Scale
Preface
This third edition of Veterinary Technician's Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline continues from the success of the previous editions. As our profession continues to grow and demand more of veterinary technicians, this reference guide has done the same. With the obvious inclusion of updated medical information, this third edition contains an expansive amount of more in-depth skill descriptions allowing the technician to reach an even higher level of care. Its purpose is not to present ideas for the first time but rather to refresh or to expand the veterinary technician's current knowledge. This manual provides the link between the formal learning environment and the daily clinical setting. The goals are to increase confidence and technical skill and to allow veterinary technicians to provide clear client education.
This book covers all areas of the veterinary technology profession pertinent to canines and felines, from the basics of physical examinations to advanced skills of chemotherapy administration. We are confident that the veterinary technician will find a daily need for this invaluable resource. In the end, it is our goal that this book will facilitate improved care for patients and the owners who rely on experienced veterinary technicians.
Comprehensive Guide. This book was written as a quick reference guide. Its purpose is to assist an already trained and licensed veterinary technician throughout the work day—providing a refresher for a seldom-taken radiograph, for example, or a pharmacology reminder to help answer a client's question. The veterinary technology student will also find this book useful as a supplement to more in-depth textbooks as they finish training and join the workforce.
Unique Chart and Table Format. The format of this book uses charts and tables for the efficient retrieval of pertinent information. As a result, very little prose text has been included. This unique format leads technicians straight to the answers they need to perform a task quickly.
Extensive Art Program. The art program, which includes more than 300 illustrations and photographs, will provide visual assistance to the technician performing laboratory tests, dentistry, client education, and much more. The color inserts make the artwork very clear and easy to use.
Expansive Indexing. A comprehensive table of contents and references at the beginning and throughout each chapter will ease the movement through this information-rich text.
Companion Website. A collection of over 75 fully editable client education and training documents, along with over 600 vocabulary flash cards and a selection of review questions available online.
It is our expectation that this book will be of great assistance to the veterinary technician. Use of this book should result in enhanced performance of a veterinary technician's duties and, therefore, improved care for patients.
Candyce Jack, LVT
Patricia Watson, LVT
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the people who gave support and guidance during the forming of this book. We appreciate the professional courtesy extended by Erica Judisch of Wiley Blackwell. Her patience and assistance were crucial to the completion of this project. Gratitude is also given to Greg deBoer for sharing his talent of taking our ideas and creating the perfect illustrations. His work greatly enhances the usefulness of this book.
Contributors
Gary Averbeck, MS
Byron Blagburn, MS, PhD
Richard Bowen, DVM, PhD
Dana Brooks, DVM, DACVIM
John Chandler, DVM, MS, DACVS
Markiva Contris, LVT, CCRP
Kimberly Coyner, DVM, DACVD
DentaLabels
J. Michael Harter, DVM
Teri Hermann, RVT
Sally Lester, DVM, MVS, DACVP
Jody Lulich, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
MILA International, Inc.
Nancy Shaffran, CVT, VTS (ECC)
Laura Tautz-Hair, LVT, VTS (ECC)
Brianna Backlund, DVM, DACVIM
Kara Burns, MS, MEd, LVT, VTS (Nutrition)
Markiva Contris, LVT, CCRP
Lisa Coyne, LVT
Valissitie Heeren, DVM
Linda Merrill, LVT, VTS (SAIM)
Dani Powers, DVM
Nancy Shaffran, CVT, VTS (ECC)
Todd Smithenson, DVM. MS, DACVR
Michael Stone, DVM
Laura Tautz-Hair, LVT, VTS (ECC)
Dina Andrews, DVM, PhD, Dip. ACVP
Animal Emergency and Trauma Center
Daniel Chan, DVM, DACVECC, DACVN, MRCVS
Mikki Cook, LVT
Cindy Elston, DVM
Jay R. Georgi, DVM, PhD
Peter Hellyer, DVM, MS, DACVA
Hill's Pet Nutrition
International Veterinary Association of Pain Management
Iowa University Press
Joyce Knoll, VMD, PhD, Dip. ACVP
Brita Kraabel, DVM
Bob Kramer, DVM, DACVR
Veronica Martin, LVT
James H. Meinkoth, DVM, DACVP
Kathryn Michel, DVM, MS, Dip. ACVN
Jeb Mortimer, DVM
Richard Panzer, DVM, MS
Phoenix Central Laboratories
Anne Rains
Tara Raske
Patrick Richardson, DVM
Robert K. Ridley, DVM, PhD
Narda Robinson, DO, DVM, MS, FAAMA
Stuart Spencer, DVM
David Stansfield/Novartis
Cheryl Stockman, MT (ASCP)
Sandy Willis, DVM, MVSc, DACVIM
About the Companion Website
This book is accompanied by a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/jackvettechdailyref
The website includes
Section One
Anatomy
Chapter 1
Anatomy
For a veterinary technician to be able to accurately complete many of his or her daily tasks, a clear understanding of the anatomy of the canine and feline body is needed. The following diagrams show the basic layout of the body systems, highlighting the areas of interest that are most commonly accessed in daily medicine practices ranging from the correctly positioned radiograph to a single-stick venipuncture.
See Skill Box 2.5, Regional Lymph Node Examination, page 35.
See Table 5.7, Directional Terms, page 256.
See Skill Box 2.7, Orthopedic Examination, page 39.
See Figure 13.1, Figure 13.2, Figure 13.3, and Figure 13.4, pages 689–691.
See Skill Box 2.3, Abdominal Examination, page 34.
See Figure 12.2, Endotracheal intubation, page 634.
See Skill Box 2.1, Cardiac Examination, page 31.
See Skill Box 2.3, Abdominal Examination, page 34.
See Skill Box 11.11, Urogenital Procedures: Urinary Catheterization, page 611.
See Skill Box 2.4, Otoscopic Examination, page 34.
See Skill Box 2.13, Ear Cleaning and Flushing, page 62.
Section Two
Preventative Care
Chapter 2
Preventative Care and Vaccinations
A well-done physical examination gives the clinician invaluable information in the assessment of an animal's health. Technicians can assist the veterinarian by understanding the pertinence of each part of the examination and by being able to conduct an examination in an orderly, precise, and timely fashion. Physical examinations are conducted prior to immunizing, before an anesthetic procedure, and in conjunction with any visit to the veterinarian for a specific problem. The following charts will cover methods and specific areas of the physical examination in both pediatric and adult patients.
Cardiac Examination | |
Technique Perform auscultation in a quiet room with a calm patient. Place the patient in a standing or sitting position. Avoid listening to recumbent animals as the change in heart position and configuration leads to errors. The flat diaphragm of the stethoscope is used to detect high-frequency sounds (e.g., normal heart and breath sounds, most murmurs), while the bell is used to detect lower-frequency sounds (e.g., third and fourth heart sounds, diastolic murmurs). The entire heart is examined, paying particular attention to the cardiac valves. Begin by placing the diaphragm gently but firmly at the left apex, where the first heart sound is best heard and also the location of the mitral valve (found on the left lateral thorax between the fourth and sixth intercostal space, behind the olecranon). From here, inch the stethoscope to the left base of the heart, which is approximately two rib spaces cranial and slightly dorsal. Note the second heart sound and possible aortic and pulmonic stenosis murmurs. Next, palpate the same area on the right lateral thorax and move the stethoscope to this region. This is the tricuspid region and possible location of tricuspid regurgitation. Then move to the right base of the heart and observe for subaortic stenosis. Once an abnormality is noted, the surrounding region should be evaluated to find the point of the loudest sound. In this process, the entire heart region should be evaluated and a complete examination performed. Rate
| |
Heart Sounds Normal
Abnormal
Characterized by their location (over which valve they are the loudest), intensity (grade 1/6), frequency (harsh, blowing, musical, honking, or grunting), timing (point in the cardiac cycle the murmur is best heard), and quality (character/behavior) Description of Intensity
| Heart Valves Normal
|
Rhythms
| |
Artifacts
|
Tip: Ventilation artifacts can be discouraged by holding the mouth shut, whistling, or briefly obstructing a nare. Purring may be controlled with a visual distraction (e.g., visualization of water, another animal), blowing short bursts of air in their face, picking up the cat, or gently pressing over the larynx.
Tip: When locating heart valves, count the ribs from caudal to cranial.
Tip: The pulse and heartbeat should be synchronous. A heartbeat without a pulse is a pulse deficit and may indicate an arrhythmia.
Note: See Figure 1.11, Figure 1.12, and Figure 1.13, pages 11–13.
Pulmonary Examination | |
---|---|
Technique
Rate
Breath Sounds
| |
Normal
| Abnormal
|
Tip: Listen to the lung sounds before listening to heart tones because the ear is much less sensitive to softer sounds once it has adjusted to louder sounds.
Abdominal Examination |
---|
Technique
|
Note: See Figure 1.7, Figure 1.8, Figure 1.9, and Figure 1.10, pages 9–10.
Otoscopic Examination |
---|
Technique
|
Note: See Figure 1.21, page 16.
Regional Lymph Node Examination |
---|
|
Note: See Figure 1.3.
Orthopedic Examination | |
---|---|
Technique
| |
Stifle
| Pelvis
|