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Cover
Title page
Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Endoscopic ultrasonography at the beginning: a personal history
1. Reference
Chapter 2: Basic principles and fundamentals of EUS imaging
1. How US images are made
2. How transducer properties affect the image
3. Attenuation and tissue penetration
4. How tissue properties affect images: the GI wall
5. Detection of tissue movement: doppler imaging
6. New techniques in EUS imaging
7. Imaging artifacts
8. Conclusion
9. References
Chapter 3: Learning EUS anatomy
1. General principles of EUS
2. Echo endoscopes
3. Regional anatomy
4. Approach to understanding EUS anatomy
5. Conclusion
6. Reference
Chapter 4: EUS instruments, room setup, and assistants
1. EUS instruments and other equipment
2. Room setup
3. EUS assistants
4. Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 5: EUS procedure: consent and sedation
1. Consent
2. Sedation
3. Conclusion
4. References
Chapter 6: The EUS report
1. Roles of the endoscopic report
2. Evolution of the medical report
3. Standard terminology and structured reporting
4. Free text and conventional reports
5. Databases
6. Commercial software for EUS reporting
7. The EUS report
8. Disease-specific information
9. Conclusion
10. References
Chapter 7: Radial EUS: normal anatomy
1. Normal gut wall anatomy
2. Examination technique
3. Mediastinum
4. Pancreaticobiliary stations
5. Rectum
6. Conclusion
7. References
Chapter 8: Linear-array EUS: normal anatomy
1. Performing the examination
2. The linear esophagus
3. The linear stomach
4. The linear duodenum
5. The linear rectum
6. Conclusion
7. References
Chapter 9: EUS elastography
1. Technical aspects and methodology of elastography
2. Qualitative EUS elastography
3. Quantitative EUS elastography
4. Clinical applications of EUS elastography
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 10: Fundamentals of EUS FNA
1. Pre-procedural fundamentals
2. Intraprocedural fundamentals
3. Post-procedural fundamentals
4. Safety of EUS FNA
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 11: EUS FNA cytology: material preparation and interpretation
1. Technical preparation and quality of EUS biopsy material
2. Technical quality of EUS biopsy material
3. Molecular analysis
4. Quality of interpretation
5. Integration of pathologic and clinical information
6. References
Chapter 12: High-frequency ultrasound probes
1. High-frequency ultrasonography
2. Intraductal ultrasonography
3. Complications
4. The future
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 13: EUS: applications in the mediastinum
1. Mediastinal cysts
2. Rationale for EUS
3. Cross-sectional and functional imaging: how does EUS stack up?
4. Medical mediastinoscopy
5. Endobronchial ultrasonography
6. EUS in early NSCLC
7. Failed bronchoscopy and EUS rescue
8. EUS and MS
9. Getting the examination done
10. Which lymph nodes for FNA?
11. FNA: how and how much?
12. Special topics
13. Conclusion
14. References
Chapter 14: EBUS and EUS for lung cancer diagnosis and staging
1. EBUS for lung cancer staging
2. EUS for lung cancer staging
3. Combined procedures (EBUS and EUS) for complete mediastinal staging
4. Complications of EBUS and EUS
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 15: EUS for esophageal cancer
1. Staging of esophageal cancer
2. Defining esophageal cancer based on location
3. T-staging
4. N-staging
5. M-staging
6. Stage-based treatment decisions
7. EUS staging after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
8. EUS in obstructing tumors
9. EUS in superficial cancers
10. Technical aspects of EUS in esophageal cancer
11. Radial examination
12. Linear examination
13. Conclusion
14. References
Chapter 16: EUS of the stomach and duodenum
1. Benign disorders
2. Malignant disorders
3. Gastric lymphoma
4. Benign lesions of the duodenum, ampullary adenomas, and ampullary carcinoma
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 17: Gastrointestinal subepithelial masses
1. Endoscopic findings
2. EUS imaging techniques
3. Lesions located in the mucosal layer
4. Lesions located in the submucosa
5. Lesions located in the muscularis propria
6. Extrinsic compression lesions
7. Comparison of imaging studies for subepithelial masses
8. Utility of EUS in the management of subepithelial masses
9. Endoscopic tissue sampling
10. Conclusion
11. References
Chapter 18: EUS for the diagnosis and staging of solid pancreatic neoplasms
1. Pancreatic and peripancreatic anatomy
2. EUS imaging and the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions
3. EUS and pancreatic cancer staging
4. Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 19: EUS for pancreatic cysts
1. EUS morphology
2. EUS-guided FNA and cyst fluid analysis
3. Characteristics of pancreatic cystic lesions
4. EUS FNA technique
5. Evolving approaches
6. Conclusion
7. References
Chapter 20: The role of EUS in inflammatory diseases of the pancreas
1. Acute pancreatitis
2. Recurrent acute pancreatitis
3. Conclusion
4. References
Chapter 21: Autoimmune pancreatitis
1. Classification of AIP
2. Clinical presentation of AIP
3. Diagnosis of AIP
4. Role of other tests in AIP
5. EUS imaging features of AIP
6. EUS-guided tissue acquisition
7. Treatment and outcomes of AIP
8. Conclusion
9. References
Chapter 22: EUS for biliary diseases
1. Common bile duct stones
2. Acute biliary pancreatitis
3. Indeterminate biliary strictures
4. Gallbladder polyps and cancer
5. EUS-guided biliary drainage
6. EUS-guided gallbladder drainage
7. Conclusion
8. References
Chapter 23: EUS in liver disease
1. EUS imaging of the liver
2. Liver parenchymal abnormalities in EUS
3. Malignant lesions in the liver
4. Benign lesions in the liver
5. Cystic liver lesions
6. Intrahepatic biliary disorders
7. Biliary adenomas
8. References
Chapter 24: Colorectal EUS
1. Instruments for colorectal endosonography
2. Examination technique
3. Colorectal cancer staging by EUS
4. Accuracy of T-staging
5. Accuracy of N-staging
6. Fine-needle aspiration
7. Interobserver variability in rectal cancer staging by EUS
8. EUS compared to CT and MRI
9. Three-dimensional EUS for rectal cancer staging
10. Contrast-enhanced EUS for rectal cancer staging
11. Clinical impact of EUS staging in rectal cancer
12. EUS for local recurrence of colorectal carcinoma
13. Restaging after chemotherapy and radiation
14. Linitis plastica of the rectum
15. Anal cancer
16. Anal sphincter defects
17. Subepithelial lesions and compression of the colorectal wall
18. Rectosigmoid and pelvic endometriosis
19. Perianorectal abscess and fistula
20. EUS in inflammatory bowel disease beyond imaging for perianal fistulas
21. EUS-guided drainage of perirectal abscesses
22. Prostate cancer and rectal EUS
23. Other pelvic malignancies
24. Conclusion
25. References
Chapter 25: Therapeutic EUS for cancer treatment
1. EUS-guided delivery of antitumor agents
2. EUS-guided tumor ablation
3. EUS-guided placement of fiducial markers and brachytherapy
4. EUS-guided celiac neurolysis
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 26: EUS-guided biliary access
1. Equipment
2. Indications
3. Technique
4. Outcomes
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 27: Pancreatic fluid collection drainage
1. Definitions
2. Indications and criteria for drainage
3. Rationale
4. Technique
5. Clinical outcomes
6. Technical proficiency
7. Technical limitations
8. Complications
9. Conclusion
10. References
Chapter 28: EUS-guided drainage of pelvic fluid collections
1. Patient preparation
2. Procedure
3. Post-procedure care and follow-up
4. Current evidence
5. Conclusion
6. References
Chapter 29: EUS hemostasis
1. EUS hemostasis of nonvariceal GI bleeding
2. EUS hemostasis of variceal bleeding
3. EUS hemostasis of pseudoaneurysms
4. Conclusion
5. References
Chapter 30: Training in EUS
1. Training options
2. Quality indicators in EUS training
3. Learning EUS
4. Practical aspects of EUS learning
5. Terminology
6. Hospital privileges
7. References
Chapter 31: The future of EUS
1. Instrumentation
2. Therapeutic accessory devices
3. Non-GI applications
4. Expansion of EUS indications
5. Conclusion
6. Acknowledgment
7. References
Index
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