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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Woo, Stephanie M., author.
Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders across the lifespan / Stephanie M Woo, Carolyn Keatinge. — Second edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-68918-9 (cloth); 978-1-118-69066-6 (epdf); 978-1-119-09765-5 (epub)
1. Mental illness—Diagnosis. 2. Mental illness—Treatment. 3. Psychology, Pathological. I. Keatinge, Carolyn, author. II. Title.
To Kenneth, Daniel, Tatiyana, and Michael, with love and gratitude.
—SMW
To John, Connor, and Catherine, thank you for being who you are.
To Dr. Lois Mendelson and the staff of the JCC therapeutic nursery, who every day bring hope to children with autism and their families.
—CK
Preface
Now more than ever, there is a critical need to provide accurate assessment, treatment, and diagnosis of mental disorders. Statistics on the prevalence of mental illness indicate that approximately 43.7 million adults (aged 18 and older) experienced a mental health disorder in the preceding year, which represents almost one in five individuals (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2013). Among children aged 8 to 15, roughly 13% met criteria for a mental health disorder in the previous year (Merikangas et al., 2010). As our understanding of the causes, onsets, courses, and outcomes of various forms of psychopathology continues to grow, researchers and clinicians continue to develop treatments that can provide increasingly greater relief to individuals struggling with mental illness, along with hope that a meaningful, fulfilling life is possible even in the face of the most serious and chronic mental disorders. Understanding and treating mental disorders requires an appreciation of both the science and the art of clinical care. This updated text is intended to be an essential resource on mental disorders seen across the lifespan for clinicians of all stages—whether a beginning student at the start of graduate studies or an experienced practitioner in the field. It reviews cutting-edge and state-of-the-art findings related to diagnosis and treatment, and utilizes a lifespan approach to integrate key information necessary for treating a wide range of mental disorders across the developmental spectrum.
Outline of Volume and What Is New
In the second edition, cultural and diversity considerations have been expanded and integrated across all aspects of diagnosis and treatment for all disorders. This reorganization highlights the importance of these factors throughout the clinical process. Continuing in the tradition set forth in the first edition, this revision presents information in a practical, applied, and accessible manner that is rooted in our combined decades of experience teaching graduate-level psychopathology courses. We have continued to divide the book into two parts: The first three chapters focus on essential clinical skills that lay the foundation for evaluation and treatment; these chapters are titled “Intake and Interviewing,” “Essentials of Diagnosis,” and “Fundamentals of Treatment.” A new integrative model for treatment was developed that incorporates crisis intervention into the beginning stages of treatment planning. Greater emphasis is also now placed on the consideration of diversity factors, rapport-building skills, and facilitating the active engagement of clients. Case conceptualization has been expanded to include identity issues and the fit of the individual to the intervention model.
The second part of the book addresses clinical disorders most commonly seen in practice, and illustrates the application of the principles reviewed in Part I to specific forms of psychopathology. These chapters cover historical information; epidemiology; clinical presentation; onset, course, and lifespan considerations; intake issues; common comorbidities; differential diagnostic issues; and treatment (including both psychotherapy and medication interventions). Importantly, these chapters have been fully updated to reflect the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Instructors using this text for psychopathology courses based on DSM-5 will find that we have organized the chapters in an order very similar to that manual. We have also expanded discussion of the disorders reviewed in these chapters. As an illustrative example, we have divided the mood disorders into chapters on the depressive disorders and the bipolar disorders, which not only follows the structure set forth in the DSM-5, but also allows for fuller discussion of subtypes and specifiers of these disorders and an expanded range of treatments (e.g., mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, the cognitive-behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression). Although the DSM-5 has separated out disorders formerly grouped together under the umbrella term Anxiety Disorders into anxiety, obsessive-compulsive-related, and trauma and stressor-related disorders, we opted to keep these disorders together in a single chapter because of the similarities in intake, evaluation, and treatment considerations (e.g., exposure-based treatments) that cut across these conditions. That chapter also covers Hoarding Disorder, a new diagnosis in DSM-5. For both Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a lifespan approach has been adopted, including information on these disorders in adulthood and in underserviced populations. We have also retained and streamlined the assessment, differential diagnostic, and treatment tables that appeared in the first edition.
We hope that these updates and changes will continue to make Diagnosis and Treatment of Mental Disorders Across the Lifespan a useful clinical resource for years to come and a textbook that students keep and continue to use as professionals.
Acknowledgments
When we began this revision, we did not fully appreciate the scope of what we were undertaking in order to both update the book to be in alignment with DSM-5, and also meaningfully update information on areas such as causes, courses, and treatments of the disorders covered. Such an undertaking would not have come to fruition without the support, encouragement, and help of many special people.
First and foremost, our sincerest gratitude is expressed to the outstanding editorial staff at John Wiley & Sons, in particular, Rachel Livsey, whose kindness, patience, and consistent encouragement were unwavering; Melinda Noack for her expert editorial assistance; Patricia Rossi for her dedicated support for this project, and Elisha Benjamin and her team for their outstanding editing. We also give special thanks to Dean Helen Easterling-Williams, Associate Dean of Psychology Robert de Mayo, and Dean Emeritus Margaret Weber, of Pepperdine University's Graduate School of Education and Psychology (GSEP), whose support allowed us to complete this book while continuing to teach the classes we love.
We are also blessed to work with remarkable and inspirational colleagues whose intellectual and collegial support encouraged us to pursue and complete this revision. We are grateful for the invaluable contributions that Dr. Stephanie Young and Dr. Bryce Erich made on the chapters on Eating, Oppositional Defiant, and Conduct Disorders, and Neurocognitive Disorders, respectively. We also thank Dr. Kenneth Subotnik for lending his expertise to the Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders chapter, and to Dr. Stephanie Kremer for the resources she provided for the Personality Disorders chapter. In completing this revision, we drew upon the wisdom that has been imparted to us from our mentors across the years, including Dr. Michael Goldstein, Dr. Keith Nuechterlein, Dr. Joan Asarnow, Dr. Cheri Adrian, Dr. Shelia Greene, Dr. James G. Kelly, Dr. Michael Jenike, Dr. Linda Weinberger, Dr. Lois Gottschalk, Dr. Cary Mitchell, Dr. Dennis Lowe, and Dr. Daryl Rowe. We also drew upon our experiences with clients, whose bravery in seeking help and willingness to let us accompany them on their journey toward wellness has taught us much.
We are thankful to the many students we have taught over the years, whose curiosity, dedication, and enthusiasm were among the reasons we initially wrote this book and who serve as a continual source of inspiration and hope. In particular we are grateful to Shannon Bates, Jason Cencirulo, Anthea Gray, and Dr. Elisha Agee for the work they completed tirelessly as research assistants for this revision.
Finally, to our families, this revision could not have been completed without your love and support. To Kenneth, thank you for your steadfast support, guidance, patience, reassurance, and love throughout this process; to Daniel, Tatiyana, and Michael, for your patience and understanding when plans got delayed or changed because Mom was working on “the book”; and to Larry and Delia Woo and Marta Cristino for your unwavering support and love. To John, Connor, Catherine, and Nuala for your love and encouragement, and to friends for your wisdom, support, and patience, thank you.
About the Authors
STEPHANIE M. WOO, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Director of the Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology with an Emphasis in Marriage and Family Therapy Program (Malibu Campus) at the Graduate School of Education and Psychology at Pepperdine University in Los Angeles, California. She has also served as a consultant to the RAND Corporation.
CAROLYN KEATINGE, PhD, is Senior Lecturer and Assessment Supervisor at the Graduate School of Education and Psychology at Pepperdine University in Los Angeles, California. She coauthored with Jason Olin Wiley's Rapid Psychological Assessment and is a consultant for Boys Hope Girls Hope.
