Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Conversion factors for permeability and hydraulic-conductivity units
List of contributors
About the companion websites
Chapter 1: Introduction
Motivation and background
Nomenclature: porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and relative permeability
Static versus dynamic permeability
Contents of this book
Data structures to integrate and extend existing knowledge
Acknowledgments
Chapter 2: DigitalCrust – a 4D data system of material properties for transforming research on crustal fluid flow
Motivation
Data integration to transform science
The DigitalCrust vision
An action plan
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Part I: The physics of permeability
Chapter 3: The physics of permeability
Chapter 4: A pore-scale investigation of the dynamic response of saturated porous media to transient stresses
Introduction
Background
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 5: Flow of concentrated suspensions through fractures: small variations in solid concentration cause significant in-plane velocity variations
Introduction
Overview of experiments
Image analysis
Experimental results
Computational simulations
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Supporting information
Chapter 6: Normal stress-induced permeability hysteresis of a fracture in a granite cylinder
Introduction
Theoretical aspects
Experimental procedures
Experimental procedures and results
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgements
Chapter 7: Linking microearthquakes to fracture permeability evolution
Introduction
Channeling flows through heterogeneous fractures at laboratory scale
Channeling flows through heterogeneous fractures beyond laboratory scale
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 8: Fractured rock stress–permeability relationships from in situ data and effects of temperature and chemical–mechanical couplings
Introduction
Fractured rock stress–permeability relation and sample size effect
In situ
block and ultra-large core experiments
Borehole injection tests
Model calibration against excavation-induced permeability changes
Depth-dependent permeability of shallow bedrock
Model calibration against the Yucca Mountain drift scale test
Thermal and chemically mediated mechanical changes
Application to geoengineering activities and potential implications for crustal permeability
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Part II: Static permeability
Chapter 9: Static permeability
Sediments and sedimentary rocks
Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Part II(A): Sediments and sedimentary rocks
Chapter 10: How well can we predict permeability in sedimentary basins? Deriving and evaluating porosity–permeability equations for noncemented sand and clay mixtures
Introduction
Data and methods
Results
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Supporting information
Chapter 11: Evolution of sediment permeability during burial and subduction
Introduction
Subduction zone sediments
Methods
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Supporting information
Part II(B): Igneous and metamorphic rocks
Chapter 12: Is the permeability of crystalline rock in the shallow crust related to depth, lithology, or tectonic setting?
Introduction
Data sources, synthesis, and analysis
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Data availability
Acknowledgments
Chapter 13: Understanding heat and groundwater flow through continental flood basalt provinces: insights gained from alternative models of permeability/depth relationships for the Columbia Plateau, United States
Introduction
Background
Methods of analysis and results
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 14: Deep fluid circulation within crystalline basement rocks and the role of hydrologic windows in the formation of the Truth or Consequences, New Mexico low-temperature geothermal system
Introduction
Field measurements
Thermal Peclet number analysis methods
Geothermometry methods
Hydrothermal modeling methods
Results
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 15: Hydraulic conductivity of fractured upper crust: insights from hydraulic tests in boreholes and fluid–rock interaction in crystalline basement rocks
Introduction
Permeability – significance in fractured basement rocks
Permeability and fluid flow in the crust
Reactive fluid flow in the crust and its effect on permeability
Fluid flow and permeability structure of the upper crust
Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part III: Dynamic permeability
Chapter 16: Dynamic permeability
Oceanic crust
Fault zones
Crustal-scale behavior
Effects of fluid injection at the scale of a reservoir or ore deposit
Part III(A): Oceanic crust
Chapter 17: Rapid generation of reaction permeability in the roots of black smoker systems, Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus
Introduction
The Troodos ophiolite: Geological setting
Epidosite zones: Previous work
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Part III(B): Fault zones
Chapter 18: The permeability of active subduction plate boundary faults
Introduction
Fault zone architecture: inferences about hydraulic properties and behavior
Observations of fluid flow, advective transport, and simple models
Quantitative constraints on fault zone permeability from measurements and flow models
Implications and key outstanding questions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 19: Changes in hot spring temperature and hydrogeology of the Alpine Fault hanging wall, New Zealand, induced by distal South Island earthquakes
Introduction
Setting and context
Copland hot spring temperature observations
Fluid chemistry of Copland hot spring
Dynamic shaking
Permanent deformation
Discussion
Summary and conclusions
Acknowledgements
Supporting information
Chapter 20: Transient permeability in fault stepovers and rapid rates of orogenic gold deposit formation
Introduction
Association between stepovers and mineralisation
Geometry and scaling properties of stepovers
Numerical analysis of the relationship between stepover geometry and fault damage
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Supporting information
Chapter 21: Evidence for long-timescale (>10 3 years) changes in hydrothermal activity induced by seismic events
Introduction
Study area
Methods
Results
Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part III(C): Crustal-scale behavior
Chapter 22: The permeability of crustal rocks through the metamorphic cycle: an overview
Introduction
Permeability and fluid flow in metamorphic rocks
Permeability during devolatilization
The contribution of metamorphism to the permeability structure of the crust
Acknowledgements
Chapter 23: An analytical solution for solitary porosity waves: dynamic permeability and fluidization of nonlinear viscous and viscoplastic rock
Introduction
Mathematical formulation
Analytical solution for the 1D steady state
Discussion
Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Appendix: nondimensionalization
Chapter 24: Hypocenter migration and crustal seismic velocity distribution observed for the inland earthquake swarms induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in NE Japan: implications for crustal fluid distribution and crustal permeability
Introduction
Data and method
Results
Discussion
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 25: Continental-scale water-level response to a large earthquake
Introduction
The Wenchuan earthquake and the groundwater-level monitoring network
Coseismic groundwater-level changes induced by the Wenchuan earthquake
Mechanisms of the coseismic water-level change
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Supporting information
Part III(D): Effects of fluid injection at the scale of a reservoir or ore-deposit
Chapter 26: Development of connected permeability in massive crystalline rocks through hydraulic fracture propagation and shearing accompanying fluid injection
Introduction
Numerical approach
Experiment and numerical analysis description
Results
Discussion on the development of connected permeability
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 27: Modeling enhanced geothermal systems and the essential nature of large-scale changes in permeability at the onset of slip
Introduction
The Basel fluid injection experiment
The model
Initial conditions
Modeling results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 28: Dynamics of permeability evolution in stimulated geothermal reservoirs
Introduction
Methodology
Coupling strategy
Results
Conclusion
Chapter 29: The dynamic interplay between saline fluid flow and rock permeability in magmatic–hydrothermal systems
Introduction
Porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Part IV: Conclusion
Chapter 30: Toward systematic characterization
Index
End User License Agreement
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Guide
Table of Contents
Part I
Begin Reading