reading

Cover
Dedication
Title Page
1. Copyright
List of contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part 1: Introduction
1. Chapter 1: Cardinal manifestations of cancer
  1. The present
  2. The future
2. Chapter 2: Biological hallmarks of cancer
  1. Distilling the dauntingly complex manifestations of cancer
  2. Acquired functional capabilities embody biological hallmarks of cancer
  3. Aberrations that enable acquisition of the necessary functional capabilities
  4. The histopathological complexity of cancer, manifested in tumor microenvironments (TMEs)
  5. Therapeutic targeting (and cotargeting) of cancer hallmarks
  6. References
Part 2: Tumor Biology
1. Chapter 3: Molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, and mouse models of human cancer
  1. Overview: gene structure
  2. General techniques
  3. Gene expression: mRNA transcript analysis
  4. Epigenetic regulation
  5. Gene expression: protein analysis
  6. Functional screens for the identification of therapeutic targets in cancer
  7. Mouse models of human cancer
  8. References
2. Chapter 4: Oncogenes
  1. Discovery and identification of oncogenes
  2. Mechanisms of oncogene activation
  3. New markers from large-scale genomic analysis
  4. Oncogenes in the initiation and progression of neoplasia
  5. Oncogenes as target of new drugs
  6. Summary and conclusions
  7. References
3. Chapter 5: Tumor suppressor genes
  1. Genetic basis for tumor development
  2. Somatic cell genetic studies of tumorigenesis
  3. Retinoblastoma: a paradigm for tumor suppressor gene function
  4. References
4. Chapter 6: Epigenetic contributions to human cancer
  1. Mechanisms involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression
  2. Altered DNA methylation and chromatin in cancer or the “cancer epigenome”
  3. Clinical implications of altered DNA methylation in cancer
  4. References
5. Chapter 7: Cancer genomics and evolution
  1. Precis
  2. Introduction
  3. The history and methods of cancer genomics
  4. Cancer genome landscapes
  5. Cancer evolution
  6. Cancer genomics and evolution in clinical practice: A case study in melanoma
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. Glossary
  9. References
6. Chapter 8: Tumor biologyChromosomal aberrations in cancer
  1. Introduction
  2. Genetic consequences of genomic rearrangements
  3. Chromosome nomenclature
  4. Methods that complement karyotype analysis
  5. Specific clonal disorders
  6. References
7. Chapter 9: MicroRNA expression in cancer
  1. Background
  2. Biogenesis and production of microRNAs
  3. MicroRNA deregulation in cancer
  4. MicroRNA as biomarkers in cancer
  5. MicroRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers in cancer
  6. Selected miRNAs implicated in cancer
  7. Therapeutic targeting and miRNA
  8. Human applications for miRNAs
  9. References
8. Chapter 10: Aberrant signaling pathways in cancer
  1. Growth factor receptors with Tyr kinase activity
  2. Aberrations affecting growth factor receptors in tumor cells
  3. Signaling pathways of Tyr kinase receptors
  4. Other signaling pathways aberrantly deregulated in cancer
  5. Growth factor signaling and cancer therapy
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. References
9. Chapter 11: Differentiation therapy
  1. Molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation blockage in cancer
  2. Potential cancer cell differentiation-inducing agents
  3. APL as a successful model of cancer differentiation therapy
  4. Perspectives
  5. Acknowledgments
  6. References
10. Chapter 12: Cancer stem cells
  1. Cancer stem cell hypothesis
  2. EMT/MET and cancer stem cells
  3. Signal transduction pathways in cancer stem cells and their therapeutic targeting
  4. Clinical significance of cancer stem cells and future perspectives
  5. References
11. Chapter 13: Cancer and cell death
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathways for cell death
  3. Cell death resistance mechanisms used by cancers
  4. Signal transduction pathway alterations in cancers—impact on cell death machinery
  5. Cytotoxic chemotherapeutic oncology drugs
  6. Cancer drug discovery by targeting the cell death machinery
  7. Conclusions
  8. List of abbreviations
  9. References
12. Chapter 14: Cancer cell immortality: targeting telomerase
  1. Telomerase: a universal target for cancer therapy
  2. There are no telomere/telomerase-targeted drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
  3. Challenges for developing telomerase inhibitors
  4. Overexpression of mutant hTERC and wild-type hTERC-targeted siRNA by lentiviral vectors are different types of gene therapy strategies for telomerase-targeted therapies
  5. 6-Thio-dG is a small molecule that is a telomerase-based telomere uncapping target that may overcome some of the problems with gene therapy
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. References
13. Chapter 15: Cancer metabolism
  1. Malicious builders
  2. From yeast to mammals—same means to different ends
  3. Bad table manners of cancer cells
  4. The traveling electrons
  5. Warburg effect—how to play safe while looking sloppy
  6. The cavalry arrives!—glutamine and anabolic metabolism
  7. The nucleus smells what's cooking
  8. From petty thieves to ringleaders—how cancer cells corrupt their neighbors
  9. Cancer metabolism comes into the clinic
  10. Conclusions
  11. References
14. Chapter 16: Modeling therapy of late or early-stage metastatic disease in mice
  1. Introduction
  2. Conclusions
  3. Acknowledgments
  4. References
15. Chapter 17: Tumor angiogenesis
  1. Tumor angiogenesis
  2. Rationale for targeting tumor vasculature
  3. Historic background
  4. Biology of tumor angiogenesis
  5. Regulators of angiogenesis
  6. Therapeutic approaches to targeting tumor vasculature
  7. Clinical advances in the use of antiangiogenic therapy
  8. Lessons from clinical studies of antiangiogenic therapy and future directions
  9. Concluding remarks
  10. Acknowledgments
  11. References
Part 3: Quantitative Oncology
1. Chapter 18: Cancer bioinformatics
  1. References
2. Chapter 19: Systems biology and genomics
  1. Introduction
  2. Intrinsic systems biology and genomics in cancer
  3. Tumor microenvironment
  4. Conclusion
  5. Acknowledgments
  6. References
3. Chapter 20: Statistical innovations in cancer research
  1. Preliminaries
  2. Bayesian approach
  3. Analysis issues
  4. Principles of statistical design: decision analysis and factorial experiments
  5. Adaptive designs of clinical trials
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. References
4. Chapter 21: Biomarker-based clinical trial design in the era of genomic medicine
  1. Introduction: why we need new designs and analysis paradigms for biomarker-driven clinical trials
  2. Phase II trials of molecularly targeted agents with companion diagnostics
  3. Phase IIa basket and umbrella discovery trials
  4. Phase III designs with a single binary biomarker
  5. Phase II/III enrichment designs with multiple biomarkers
  6. The new models of collaboration required by clinical trials of the “genomic era” and the challenges ahead
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
5. Chapter 22: Clinical informatics
  1. Introduction
  2. An oncology digital health information technology system
  3. The mobile computing revolution
  4. References
Part 4: Carcinogenesis
1. Chapter 23: Chemical carcinogenesis
  1. Multistage carcinogenesis
  2. Epigenetics and chemical carcinogenesis
  3. miRNA's in chemical carcinogenesis
  4. Gene–environment interactions and inter-individual variation
  5. Carcinogen metabolism
  6. DNA damage and repair
  7. Mutator phenotype
  8. Racial, gender, and socioeconomic disparities in chemical carcinogenesis
  9. Chronic inflammation and cancer
  10. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
  11. Precision medicine, molecular epidemiology, and prevention
  12. Acknowledgments
  13. References
2. Chapter 24: Endocrine and genetic bases of hormone-related cancers
  1. Breast cancer
  2. Endometrial cancer
  3. Ovarian cancer
  4. Prostate cancer
  5. Genetic determinants
  6. Conclusions
  7. References
3. Chapter 25: Ionizing radiation
  1. Development of radiation injury
  2. Principal cellular and tissue effects of radiation
  3. Chromosomal aberrations
  4. DNA damage
  5. General characteristics of radiation carcinogenesis
  6. Genetic susceptibility to radiation-induced cancer
  7. Human epidemiologic studies
  8. Acknowledgments
  9. References
4. Chapter 26: Ultraviolet radiation carcinogenesis
  1. Epidemiology of skin cancer
  2. Genetic factors in skin carcinogenesis
  3. Diseases of DNA repair
  4. Carcinogenesis
  5. Acknowledgments
  6. References
5. Chapter 27: Inflammation and cancer
  1. Chronic inflammation and cancer
  2. Inflammatory cells, the microenvironment, and cancer
  3. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cancer
  4. Inflammation and tumorigenesis
  5. Inflammation-dependent cancers—examples and treatment
  6. References
6. Chapter 28: RNA tumor viruses
  1. Classification
  2. Structure
  3. Viral genome and gene products
  4. Genomic variation
  5. Replication cycle
  6. Mechanisms of oncogenesis
  7. Oncogene capture
  8. Insertional mutagenesis
  9. Growth stimulation and two-step oncogenesis
  10. Transactivation
  11. Human immunodeficiency virus
  12. Endogenous retroviruses
  13. Retroviral vectors and gene therapy
  14. Conclusions
  15. References
7. Chapter 29: Herpesviruses
  1. Properties of herpesviruses
  2. EBV: an oncogenic human herpesvirus
  3. KSHV and malignancies
  4. References
8. Chapter 30: Papillomaviruses and cervical neoplasia
  1. Definitions, HPV-target cells, and mechanisms of infection and transformation
  2. HPV and human genital neoplasia
  3. References
9. Chapter 31: Hepatitis viruses and hepatoma
  1. Hepatitis and hepatoma
  2. References
10. Chapter 32: Parasites
  1. Schistosomiasis and cancer of the bladder
  2. Epidemiologic aspects
  3. Progression of bilharzial bladder cancer
  4. Human papilloma virus
  5. Metabolic observations during schistosomiasis
  6. Apoptosis in schistosomal bladder cancer
  7. Pathology of benign and preneoplastic schistosomal bladder lesions
  8. Experimental data for BBC
  9. Schistosomiasis and cancer of other sites
  10. Evaluation of carcinogenicity of schistosomiasis
  11. East Asian distomiasis
  12. Malaria
  13. Recent evidences
  14. References
Part 5 : Epidemiology, Prevention and Detection
1. Chapter 33: The burden of cancer worldwide: current and future perspectives
  1. Introduction
  2. Definitions, data sources, and methods
  3. Global cancer diversity
  4. Global cancer transitions
  5. Using descriptive epidemiology to inform cancer control policy
  6. Acknowledgments
  7. References
2. Chapter 34: Cancer epidemiology
  1. Descriptive cancer statistics
  2. Cancer health disparities
  3. Emerging cancer risk factors
  4. Genetic susceptibility
  5. Emerging methods and technologies
  6. Perspective and future direction
  7. Summary
  8. References
3. Chapter 35: Behavioral approaches to cancer prevention
  1. Tobacco use
  2. Energy balance: diet, physical activity, and body weight
  3. Risk behaviors for skin cancer
  4. References
4. Chapter 36: Diet and nutrition in the etiology and prevention of cancer
  1. Methodologic issues in diet, nutrition, and cancer studies
  2. Public health guidelines for cancer prevention
  3. Summary of research efforts focusing on specific cancers
  4. Current research
  5. Survivorship: diet and nutritional guidance during and following cancer treatment
  6. Prevention of cancer recurrences and long-term complication of therapy
  7. References
5. Chapter 37: Chemoprevention of cancer
  1. Biology of chemoprevention
  2. Cancer risk modeling
  3. Chemoprevention trials
  4. Conclusions
  5. References
6. Chapter 38: Cancer screening and early detection
  1. Key criteria for screening
  2. Evaluation of early detection programs
  3. Breast cancer screening
  4. Colorectal cancer
  5. Cervical cancer
  6. Prostate cancer
  7. Lung cancer
  8. Testicular cancer
  9. Hepatocellular cancer
  10. Endometrial cancer
  11. Ovarian cancer
  12. Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer
  13. Oral cancer
  14. Conclusion
  15. References
Part 6: Clinical Disciplines
1. Chapter 39: Nexgen pathology: predicting clinical course and targeting disease causation
  1. From anatomic and clinical pathology to molecular and predictive integrated diagnostics
  2. Molecular pathology
  3. Bladder cancer as a model of molecular pathology classification
  4. Systems pathology and predictive oncology
  5. From treating symptomatology to treating disease causation
  6. References
2. Chapter 40: Molecular diagnostics in cancer
  1. Introduction
  2. Current molecular biomarkers for predicting outcomes and therapy responsiveness
  3. Molecular biomarkers for monitoring of cancer
  4. Novel molecular biomarkers and platforms for their detection
  5. Challenges in validation of novel molecular biomarkers
  6. Recommendations
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
3. Chapter 41: Principles of imaging
  1. Further reading
4. Chapter 42: Interventional radiology for the cancer patient
  1. Hepatic vascular interventions
  2. Considerations in hepatocellular carcinoma
  3. Considerations in hepatic metastases
  4. Genitourinary interventions
  5. Thoracic interventions
  6. Palliative therapy
  7. Miscellaneous
  8. References
5. Chapter 43: Principles of surgical oncology
  1. The history of surgical oncology
  2. Surgical oncology in the modern era
  3. Components of surgical management in the care of the cancer patient
  4. The future of surgical oncology
  5. References
6. Chapter 44: Principles of radiation oncology
  1. Introduction
  2. General principles of radiotherapy in cancer treatment
  3. Biologic impact of radiation therapy
  4. Physical and clinical aspects of modern radiotherapy
  5. Conclusions and future directions in radiotherapy
  6. References
7. Chapter 45: Principles of medical oncology
  1. Principles
  2. Cancer therapeutics is evolving
  3. References
8. Chapter 46: Palliative care and pain management
  1. Palliative care
  2. Whole patient assessment
  3. Communication
  4. Advance care planning
  5. Symptom management
  6. The terminal phase
  7. Grief and bereavement
  8. Hospice
  9. References
9. Chapter 47: Principles of psycho-oncology
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical management
  3. Psychosocial interventions
  4. Burnout in oncology
  5. References
10. chapter 48: Principles of cancer rehabilitation medicine
  1. Introduction
  2. The rehabilitation team
  3. Cancer of the brain
  4. Spinal cord dysfunction
  5. Cancer of the head and neck
  6. Cancer of the breast
  7. Cancer of the limbs
  8. Conclusion
  9. References
11. Chapter 49: Integrative oncology in cancer care
  1. Introduction
  2. Definitions
  3. Utilization
  4. Communication
  5. The evidence
  6. Educational resources
  7. Integrative oncology in clinical practice
  8. Conclusion
  9. References
12. Chapter 50: Health services research
  1. Introduction—what is health services research?
  2. The significance of health services research in cancer
  3. Disciplines within health services research
  4. An overview of health services research study designs
  5. Types of secondary data sources relevant to HSR in oncology
  6. Statistical analyses in health services research
  7. Different outcomes methods
  8. Quality of care
  9. HSR 2.0
  10. Outcomes and endpoints
  11. Comparative effectiveness research
  12. References
Part 7 : Individualized Treatment
1. Chapter 51: Personalized medicine in oncology drug development
  1. Introduction
  2. Role of biomarkers and companion diagnostics in personalized medicine
  3. Personalized immunotherapeutics
  4. Conclusions
  5. References
Part 8: Chemotherapy
1. Chapter 52: Preclinical and early clinical development of chemotherapeutic drugs, mechanism-based agents and biologics
  1. Evolution of the discovery process
  2. Special aspects developing protein-engineered compounds
  3. Sources of compounds to evaluate against targets
  4. Preparation of agents for clinical trials
  5. Preparation of an IND (investigational new drug) application
  6. Early clinical trials
  7. Combination of agents in Phase I trials
  8. Are Phase I clinical trials therapeutic?
  9. Issues regarding Phase I trials in general
  10. Future technologies likely to impact on Phase I trials
  11. Appendix
  12. References
2. Chapter 53: Tumor growth kinetics
  1. Introduction
  2. Some mysteries in cancer medicine
  3. Polygenetic etiology of cancer
  4. Molecular classification versus cancer stem cell concept
  5. Cancer as a local versus systemic disease
  6. Gompertzian growth
  7. The kinetics of cellular proliferation
  8. Assessing growth parameters
  9. Growth fraction, death fraction, tumor size, and therapeutic response
  10. The kinetics of chemotherapy response
  11. The etiology of Gompertzian growth
  12. The interrelationship of tumor self-seeding and tumor microenvironment
  13. Conclusion
  14. References
3. Chapter 54: Principles of dose, schedule, and combination therapy
  1. Introduction
  2. Dose
  3. Factors influencing the dose effect
  4. Schedule of drug administration
  5. Combination chemotherapy
  6. Molecular biology/targeted therapy
  7. References
4. Chapter 55: Pharmacology
  1. General attributes of the drug
  2. General clinical pharmacology
  3. Intrinsic factors
  4. Extrinsic factors
  5. General biopharmaceutics
  6. Conclusions
  7. Acknowledgments
  8. References
5. Chapter 56: Folate antagonists
  1. Historical overview
  2. Mechanisms of action of MTX
  3. Pharmacokinetics of MTX
  4. Clinical application
  5. Current uses for MTX in the treatment of neoplastic disease
  6. Adverse effects
  7. Resistance to antifolates
  8. Strategies to overcome resistance to MTX using new (or older) antifols
  9. Acknowledgments
  10. References
6. Chapter 57: Pyrimidine and purine antimetabolites
  1. Pyrimidine antimetabolites
  2. Uracil antimetabolites
  3. Cytosine antimetabolites
  4. Purine antimetabolites
  5. Guanine antimetabolites
  6. Adenosine antimetabolites
  7. References
7. Chapter 58: Alkylating agents and platinum antitumor compounds
  1. Introduction
  2. General mechanisms of cytotoxicity
  3. Alkylating agents
  4. Platinum antitumor compounds
  5. Acknowledgments
  6. References
8. Chapter 59: DNA topoisomerase targeting drugs
  1. Introduction
  2. Topoisomerase biology
  3. Mechanisms of action
  4. Topoisomerase I inhibitors
  5. Top2 inhibitors
  6. Pharmacogenomics
  7. Perspectives
  8. References
9. Chapter 60: Agents targeting microtubules and mitotic processes
  1. Introduction
  2. Microtubules as strategic targets against cancer
  3. Microtubule structure and dynamics
  4. Treadmilling and dynamic instability
  5. Microtubules and mitosis
  6. Regulating microtubule dynamics and functional diversity
  7. Vinca alkaloids: Introduction and indications
  8. Mechanism of action
  9. Mechanisms of resistance
  10. Pharmacology
  11. Drug interactions
  12. Toxicity
  13. Administration, dose, and schedule
  14. Taxanes: Introduction and indications
  15. Clinical indications
  16. Mechanisms of action
  17. Mechanisms of resistance
  18. Clinical pharmacology
  19. Drug interactions
  20. Toxicity
  21. Administration, dose, and schedule
  22. Other natural products that enhance tubulin polymerization
  23. Ixabepilone and the epothilones
  24. Clinical indications
  25. Mechanism of action
  26. Mechanisms of resistance
  27. Clinical pharmacology
  28. Drug interactions
  29. Toxicity
  30. Administration, dose, and schedule
  31. Eribulin mesylate and natural products that enhance tubulin depolymerization
  32. Eribulin mesylate
  33. Clinical indications
  34. Mechanism of action
  35. Mechanism of resistance
  36. Clinical pharmacology
  37. Drug interactions
  38. Toxicity
  39. Administration, dose, and schedule
  40. Targeting mitotic motor proteins and kinases
  41. Antibody-drug conjugates carrying antimicrotubule drug payloads
  42. References
10. Chapter 61: Endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer
  1. Biology of progestin production and action
  2. Biology of estrogen production and action
  3. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and antiestrogens
  4. Aromatase inhibitors
  5. Resistance to endocrine therapy
  6. GnRH analogues and ovarian function preservation
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
11. Chapter 62: Drug resistance and its clinical circumvention
  1. General mechanisms of resistance to single agents
  2. General mechanisms of resistance to multiple agents
  3. Potential clinical application of strategies to avert or overcome drug resistance
  4. Conclusion and future directions
  5. References
Part 9: Biological and Gene Therapy
1. Chapter 63: Cytokines, interferons, and hematopoietic growth factors
  1. Interleukins
  2. Interferons
  3. Hematopoiesis and the role of growth factors
  4. Future perspectives
  5. Acknowledgment
  6. References
2. Chapter 64: Monoclonal serotherapy
  1. Introduction
  2. Serotherapy for leukemia and lymphoma with unmodified monoclonal antibodies
  3. Serotherapy for solid tumors with unmodified monoclonal antibodies
  4. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
  5. Barriers to treatment with unmodified monoclonal antibodies
  6. Serotherapy with monoclonal antibody drug conjugates (ADCs)
  7. Radioimmunotherapy of cancer
  8. Therapy with targeted toxins
  9. References
3. Chapter 65: Vaccines and immunostimulants
  1. Targets for vaccine therapy
  2. Types of vaccines
  3. Non-specific immune stimulants
  4. Vaccine clinical trials
  5. Combination therapies
  6. Mechanisms involved in vaccine activity
  7. Immune monitoring
  8. Paradigm shifts
  9. Acknowledgments
  10. References
4. Chapter 66: Cell-based cancer immunotherapy
  1. Introduction
  2. Conclusion
  3. Acknowledgments
  4. References
5. Chapter 67: Cancer immunotherapy
  1. Immunosurveillance
  2. Immunoediting
  3. Immune tolerance
  4. Early failures—lessons learnt
  5. Mediators of immune escape
  6. Noncell-autonomous suppression
  7. Moving toward clinically effective immunotherapies
  8. Adoptive cell therapy and the development of personalized immunotherapies
  9. Generation of cellular therapy products
  10. The role of lymphodepletion
  11. Current position of adoptive T cell transfer
  12. Promoting DC function
  13. Directly promoting T cell function
  14. Stimulatory antibodies to 4-1BB (CD137), OX40 (CD134), and GITR—accentuating the positive?
  15. Stimulation through checkpoint blockade of CTLA-4 (CD152), PD-1 (CD279), PD-L1 (CD274)—eliminating the negative
  16. Targeting T_reg suppressive capacity
  17. Cytokines—intercellular mediators of immunity
  18. Combinatorial immunotherapeutics
  19. Immunotherapy agents elicit different toxicities
  20. Paradigm shift—from immune adjuvants to immunosupportive therapies?
  21. References
6. Chapter 68: Cancer gene therapy
  1. Introduction
  2. Delivery of genetic material to target cells
  3. Targets of gene therapy
  4. Safety
  5. Conclusion: How will cancer gene therapy enter clinical practice?
  6. References
7. Chapter 69: Cancer nanotechnology
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical stage cancer nanotechnologies
  3. Recent advances in cancer nanotechnologies
  4. Acknowledgments
  5. References
8. Chapter 70: Hematopoietic cell transplantation
  1. Methods of transplantation
  2. Hematopoietic transplantation as treatment for malignancies
  3. Donor selection
  4. Selection of autologous or allogeneic transplantation
  5. Pretransplant therapy
  6. Complications of hematopoietic transplantation
  7. Indications for hematopoietic transplantation
  8. Future directions
  9. References
Part 10: Special Populations
1. Chapter 71: Principles of pediatric oncology
  1. Introduction and epidemiology
  2. Renal tumors
  3. Neuroblastoma
  4. Pediatric bone tumors
  5. Central nervous system tumors
  6. Less-frequently encountered tumors
  7. Late effects and quality of survivorship
  8. Acknowledgments
  9. References
2. Chapter 72: Cancer and pregnancy
  1. Cancer and pregnancy epidemiology
  2. Diagnosis and staging
  3. Cancer treatment during pregnancy
  4. Surgery
  5. Radiation
  6. Systemic therapy
  7. Specific cancers
  8. Acute and chronic leukemia
  9. Transplacental malignancy and placental metastasis
  10. Conclusion
  11. References
3. Chapter 73: Cancer and aging
  1. Life expectancy and aging
  2. The biology of cancer and aging
  3. Physiologic changes with aging
  4. The frail older patient
  5. Evaluation of the older patient: geriatric assessment
  6. Comorbid medical conditions
  7. Comprehensive geriatric assessment
  8. Knowledge about older cancer patients: underrepresentation on clinical trials
  9. Understanding barriers to clinical trial enrollment
  10. Cancer screening in the elderly
  11. Treatment tolerance of the older patient
  12. Conclusions
  13. References
4. Chapter 74: Disparities in cancer care
  1. Introduction
  2. The birth of a discipline
  3. Defining health disparities
  4. Factors measured
  5. Population categorization
  6. Relationships among population categories
  7. Disparities in treatment patterns
  8. Disparities in quality of care lead to disparities in prognosis and treatment
  9. Genetic expression—race, ancestry, ethnicity, and culture
  10. Population and genetic differences
  11. Pharmacogenomics
  12. US Government rules on minority inclusion in clinical trials
  13. References
5. Chapter 75: Neoplasms in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Kaposi sarcoma (KS)
  3. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
  4. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
  5. Squamous cell neoplasia
  6. Other non-AIDS defining cancers
  7. References
6. Chapter 76: Cancer survivorship: new challenge in cancer medicine
  1. Introduction
  2. Cancer survivorship: a brief history
  3. Magnitude of the problem
  4. Providing survivorship care
  5. Families and informal caregivers
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
Part 11: Disease Sites
1. Chapter 77: Primary and metastatic neoplasms of the brain in adults
  1. Introduction
  2. Epidemiology
  3. Glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma
  4. Anaplastic gliomas
  5. Low-grade gliomas and oligodendrogliomas
  6. Ependymoma
  7. Primary central nervous system lymphoma
  8. Meningioma
  9. Brain metastasis
  10. Pathophysiology of the metastatic process
  11. References
2. Chapter 78: Neoplasms of the eye
  1. Introduction
  2. Pediatric ophthalmic oncology: ocular diseases
  3. Pediatric ophthalmic oncology: orbital diseases
  4. Adult ophthalmic oncology: ocular diseases
  5. Adult ophthalmic oncology: orbital diseases
  6. References
3. Chapter 79: Neoplasms of the endocrine glands: pituitary neoplasms
  1. Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas
  2. Growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas
  3. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone-secreting adenomas
  4. Gonadotropin-secreting and nonsecretory pituitary adenomas
  5. TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas
  6. Conclusion
  7. References
4. Chapter 80: Neoplasms of the thyroid
  1. Historical perspective
  2. Incidence and epidemiology—local and worldwide
  3. Risk factors—genetic, behavioral, environmental
  4. Prevention
  5. Pathology
  6. Pathogenesis and natural history
  7. Screening
  8. Diagnosis
  9. TNM staging, classification
  10. Prognostic factors
  11. Multidisciplinary care
  12. References
5. Chapter 81: Neoplasms of the adrenal cortex
  1. Introduction
  2. General
  3. Evaluation and work-up
  4. The role of a biopsy
  5. Pathology
  6. Management of ACC
  7. Conclusion
  8. References
6. Chapter 82: Tumors of the diffuse neuroendocrine and gastroenteropancreatic system
  1. Epidemiology
  2. The diffuse endocrine system
  3. Histology and staging of neuroendocrine tumors
  4. Clinical features of tumors of the DES
  5. Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs)
  6. Pancreatic net (PNET) (islet-cell tumors)
  7. Therapy for GEP-NET
  8. MEN syndromes
  9. MEN-2 syndromes
  10. Pheochromocytoma
  11. References
7. Chapter 83: Neoplasms of the head and neck
  1. Introduction
  2. Descriptive epidemiology
  3. Pathologic assessment and biology
  4. Anatomy
  5. Diagnosis and staging
  6. General principles of treatment
  7. Oral premalignancy
  8. Overview of natural history and treatment by site
  9. Radiation therapy
  10. Systemic therapy
  11. References
8. Chapter 84: Cancer of the lung
  1. Etiology and epidemiology
  2. Molecular pathogenesis
  3. Molecular abnormalities in premalignancy
  4. Pathology of lung cancer
  5. Clinical manifestations
  6. Diagnostic and staging techniques
  7. Therapy for NSCLC
  8. Therapy for SCLC
  9. Conclusions and future prospects
  10. References
9. Chapter 85: Malignant pleural mesothelioma
  1. Incidence and epidemiology
  2. Diagnosing and staging the patient with possible mesothelioma
  3. Surgical diagnosis and staging in mesothelioma
  4. Treatment
  5. Conclusion
  6. References
10. Chapter 86: Thymomas and thymic tumors
  1. Introduction
  2. Incidence and epidemiology
  3. Anatomic pathogenesis
  4. Pathology of thymic epithelial neoplasms
  5. Staging systems for thymomas
  6. TNM staging project—ITMIG/IASLC
  7. Clinical features of thymomas
  8. Therapy
  9. Conclusion
  10. References
11. Chapter 87: Tumors of the heart and great vessels
  1. Introduction
  2. Clinical features
  3. Diagnostic evaluation
  4. Cardiac tumors
  5. Tumors of the great vessels
  6. References
12. Chapter 88: Primary germ cell tumors of the thorax
  1. Benign teratomas of the mediastinum
  2. Malignant GCT
  3. Pretreatment evaluation and staging
  4. Treatment of seminoma
  5. Treatment of nonseminomatous GCT
  6. References
13. Chapter 89: Neoplasms of the esophagus
  1. Historical perspectives
  2. Anatomy and histology
  3. Etiology
  4. Epidemiology
  5. Treatment overview
  6. Diagnosis
  7. Pretreatment assessment
  8. Staging evaluation
  9. Presentation
  10. Therapy
  11. Palliative therapy of esophageal obstruction
  12. References
14. Chapter 90: Carcinoma of the stomach
  1. Incidence and epidemiology
  2. Risk factors
  3. Pathology
  4. Pathogenesis and natural history
  5. Screening
  6. Diagnosis
  7. TNM stage classification
  8. Multidisciplinary care
  9. Unmet needs and future directions
  10. Conclusions
  11. References
15. Chapter 91: Primary neoplasms of the liver
  1. Hepatocellular carcinoma
  2. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
  3. Hepatic angiosarcoma
  4. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
  5. References
16. Chapter 92: Gallbladder and bile duct cancer
  1. Gallbladder cancer
  2. Bile duct cancer
  3. Hilar bile duct cholangiocarcinoma
  4. References
17. Chapter 93: Neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas
  1. Introduction
  2. Epidemiology
  3. Etiologic factors
  4. Prevention of pancreatic cancer
  5. Pathology
  6. Diagnostic evaluation
  7. Treatment of localized, potentially resectable disease
  8. Adjuvant (postoperative) therapy
  9. Preoperative (neoadjuvant) therapy
  10. Locally advanced pancreatic cancer
  11. Novel approaches to chemoradiation
  12. The role of systemic therapy in pancreatic cancer
  13. Approach to the patient with metastatic disease
  14. Future directions
  15. References
18. Chapter 94: Neoplasms of the small intestine, vermiform appendix, and peritoneum and carcinoma of the colon and rectum
  1. Tumors of the small intestine
  2. Tumors of the appendix
  3. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum
  4. References
19. Chapter 95: Neoplasms of the anus
  1. Gross anatomy
  2. Epidemiology
  3. Etiology
  4. Pathology
  5. Natural history
  6. Diagnosis
  7. Staging
  8. Prognostic factors
  9. Treatment for primary disease
  10. Treatment of the HIV-positive patient
  11. Treatment of anal margin cancer
  12. Follow-up after treatment
  13. Management of inguinal nodes
  14. Residual or recurrent cancer
  15. Treatment of metastatic disease
  16. Other histologies
  17. References
20. Chapter 96: Renal cell carcinoma
  1. Introduction
  2. Epidemiology
  3. Clinical presentation
  4. Pathology
  5. Prognostic features
  6. Treatment of localized RCC
  7. Metastatic disease
  8. Uncommon cancers of the kidney
  9. Conclusion
  10. References
21. Chapter 97: Urothelial cancer
  1. Introduction and epidemiology
  2. Pathobiology and molecular determinants
  3. Clinical presentation
  4. Investigation and staging
  5. Prognosis
  6. Management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  7. Management of invasive bladder cancer
  8. Metastatic bladder cancer
  9. Uncommon histologic variants
  10. Upper tract tumors
  11. References
22. Chapter 98: Neoplasms of the prostate
  1. Biology of prostate cancer
  2. Early detection of prostate cancer
  3. Staging of prostate cancer
  4. Outcomes of treatment for early disease
  5. Prostate cancer chemoprevention: Large trials
  6. Algorithm for therapy: future directions
  7. Locally advanced disease
  8. Metastatic prostate cancer
  9. Histologic variants
  10. Clinical presentations
  11. References
23. Chapter 99: Tumors of the penis and the urethra
  1. Epidemiology and etiology
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Metastasis
  4. Tumor staging
  5. Surgical treatment
  6. Tumor grade
  7. Pelvic lymphadenectomy
  8. Radiotherapy
  9. Chemotherapy
  10. Prognosis
  11. Carcinoma of the urethra
  12. References
24. Chapter 100: Testis cancer
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Pathology
  3. Clinical presentation
  4. Staging
  5. Therapy
  6. Therapy for disseminated disease
  7. Treatment of good-risk disseminated germ cell tumors
  8. Treatment of patients with “poor-risk” disseminated disease
  9. High-dose chemotherapy as primary treatment of poor-risk disease
  10. Postchemotherapy surgery
  11. High-dose chemotherapy as initial salvage therapy
  12. Treatment of multiply recurrent germ cell cancer
  13. Special situations
  14. Long-term toxicity of chemotherapy
  15. Long-term toxicity of radiation therapy
  16. Extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs)
  17. Unrecognized germ cell tumor syndrome
  18. References
25. Chapter 101: Neoplasms of the vulva and vagina
  1. Cancer of the vulva
  2. Sentinel inguinal lymph node biopsy
  3. Treatment
  4. Invasive carcinomas of the vagina
  5. Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
  6. Rare vaginal tumors in young females
  7. References
26. Chapter 102: Neoplasms of the cervix
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Histologic classification of epithelial tumors
  3. Diagnosis and treatment of precancerous lesions
  4. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive lesions patterns of spread
  5. Radiation therapy
  6. Current practice by disease stage
  7. References
27. Chapter 103: Endometrial cancer
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Risk factors
  3. Pathology
  4. Prognostic factors
  5. Treatment of primary disease
  6. Treatment of recurrent disease
  7. Biologic therapies
  8. The future
  9. References
28. Chapter 104: Epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer
  1. Incidence, etiology, and epidemiology
  2. Prevention
  3. Genetic predisposition
  4. Molecular, cellular, and clinical biology
  5. Diagnosis
  6. Screening
  7. Staging
  8. Prognosis
  9. Treatment of early-stage epithelial cancer
  10. Treatment of advanced stage epithelial cancer
  11. Treatment of recurrent epithelial cancer
  12. References
29. Chapter 105: Nonepithelial ovarian malignancies
  1. Germ cell malignancies
  2. Dysgerminomas
  3. Immature teratoma
  4. Endodermal sinus tumor
  5. Embryonal carcinoma
  6. Choriocarcinoma of the ovary
  7. Polyembryoma
  8. Mixed germ cell tumor
  9. Sex-cord–stromal tumors
  10. Granulosa-stromal cell tumors
  11. Juvenile granulosa cell tumors
  12. Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors
  13. Uncommon ovarian cancers
  14. Lipoid cell tumors
  15. Sarcomas
  16. Small cell carcinomas
  17. Metastatic tumors
  18. References
30. Chapter 106: Molar pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
  1. Incidence
  2. Risk factors
  3. Histopathologic classification of GTN
  4. Clinical presentation and diagnosis
  5. Staging and risk assessment
  6. Management of GTN
  7. Management of low-risk GTN
  8. Management of high-risk GTN, stages II and III
  9. Management of stage IV GTN
  10. Management of PSTT and ETT
  11. Results of therapy
  12. hCG follow-up and relapse
  13. Quiescent GTN
  14. Subsequent pregnancies
  15. References
31. Chapter 107: Gynecologic sarcomas
  1. Historical perspective
  2. Incidence and epidemiology
  3. Risk factors
  4. Pathology
  5. Endometrial stromal lesions
  6. Molecular and genetic alterations
  7. Patterns of spread
  8. Clinical profile
  9. Tumor biomarkers
  10. Imaging studies
  11. Diagnosis
  12. TNM and FIGO staging classification
  13. Prognostic factors and prognosis
  14. Morcellation
  15. LMS
  16. ESS
  17. Surgical treatment
  18. Postsurgical therapy for gynecologic sarcomas
  19. Radiation oncology
  20. Chemotherapy
  21. Combination chemotherapy
  22. Adjuvant chemotherapy for limited disease
  23. Hormone and biologic therapy
  24. Mullerian adenosarcomas
  25. Nonuterine gynecologic sarcomas
  26. References
32. Chapter 108: Neoplasms of the breast
  1. Epidemiology
  2. Regulation of breast cancer growth
  3. Pathology
  4. Prognostic factors
  5. Diagnosis and screening
  6. Risk and prevention
  7. Treatment of early-stage breast cancer
  8. Treatment for advanced breast cancer
  9. Symptom management and survivorship
  10. References
33. Chapter 109: Malignant melanoma
  1. Dermatologic principles in melanoma
  2. Clinical presentation
  3. Pathologic features
  4. Clinicopathologic subtypes
  5. Less-common subtypes
  6. Genetics and molecular pathology
  7. Surgical management of melanoma
  8. The role of adjuvant therapy for stage II and III disease
  9. Adjuvant radiation to the resected nodal basin
  10. Uveal melanoma and rare melanomas of the eye
  11. Biology and therapy of advanced melanoma
  12. Melanoma metastatic to the brain
  13. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy in melanoma
  14. References
34. Chapter 110: Other skin cancers
  1. Ultraviolet radiation in the pathogenesis of skin cancers
  2. Tumors arising from the epidermis
  3. Tumors arising from dermis
  4. Tumors arising from appendages
  5. Benign cutaneous tumors associated with cancer syndromes
  6. Metastatic tumors to the skin
  7. References
35. Chapter 111: Bone tumors
  1. Introduction
  2. Evaluation
  3. Staging
  4. Biopsy
  5. Surgical margins
  6. Limb salvage versus amputation
  7. Operative management of metastatic carcinoma, myeloma, and lymphoma
  8. Reconstructive alternatives
  9. Radiotherapy for bone tumors
  10. Medical management of bone tumors
  11. Specific benign bone tumors
  12. Primary bone sarcomas
  13. Metastatic disease to bone
  14. Myeloma
  15. Bone lymphoma
  16. Congenital syndromes
  17. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, McCune–Albright syndrome, and Mazabraud's syndrome
  18. Multiple osteochondromatosis
  19. References
36. Chapter 112: Soft tissue sarcomas
  1. Etiology
  2. Screening
  3. Clinical presentation, classification, and diagnosis
  4. Staging and prognostic factors
  5. Treatment of localized primary disease of the extremities
  6. Treatment of locally advanced disease
  7. Treatment of metastatic disease
  8. Management of local recurrence
  9. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors
  10. Locally aggressive lesions: DFSPs, tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT), perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa) as targets for small molecule oral kinase inhibitors
  11. Retroperitoneal sarcomas
  12. Additional issues in STS management
  13. Immunotherapy for STS
  14. References
37. Chapter 113: The myelodysplastic syndrome
  1. History
  2. Classification
  3. Etiology
  4. Pathobiology
  5. Establishing a diagnosis
  6. Diagnostic dilemmas
  7. Future directions
  8. References
38. Chapter 114: Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: mast cell leukemia and other mast cell neoplasms
  1. Introduction
  2. Pathogenesis and etiology
  3. Prognosis
  4. Morphologic classification and clinical and laboratory correlates
  5. AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities
  6. AML not otherwise specified
  7. Presenting signs and symptoms
  8. Therapy: general overview
  9. Induction therapy: general principles
  10. Therapy of relapsed and refractory AML
  11. Therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)
  12. Other supportive care and therapeutic approaches
  13. Minimal residual disease (MRD)
  14. Small-molecule inhibitors and other novel approaches
  15. Complications
  16. Central nervous system leukemia
  17. Mast cell leukemia and other mast cell neoplasms
  18. References
39. Chapter 115: Chronic myeloid leukemia
  1. Historical perspective
  2. Incidence and epidemiology
  3. Risk factors
  4. Pathology
  5. Prognostic classification
  6. Pathogenesis
  7. Diagnosis
  8. Staging and prognostic factors
  9. Treatment
  10. Treatment options after failure of prior TKI
  11. Stem cell transplantation
  12. Treatment recommendations in CML in 2015
  13. Suvivorship and follow-up
  14. Conclusion
  15. References
40. Chapter 116: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  1. Introduction
  2. Epidemiology and etiology
  3. Clinical presentation
  4. Diagnosis of ALL
  5. The therapy of ALL
  6. Salvage therapy
  7. Disease subtypes
  8. Novel therapies
  9. References
41. Chapter 117: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  1. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
  2. Incidence and epidemiology
  3. Diagnosis of CLL
  4. Pathogenesis and causation
  5. Immunobiology and immunophenotype of CLL cells
  6. Clinical aspects
  7. Clinical presentation
  8. Natural history and terminal events
  9. Clinical staging and other prognostic features
  10. Criteria predictive of disease course in the low- and intermediate-risk groups
  11. Major prognostic markers
  12. Treatment
  13. Psychosocial aspects of CLL
  14. Unmet needs and future directions
  15. Acknowledgments
  16. References
42. Chapter 118: Hodgkin lymphoma
  1. Introduction
  2. History
  3. Epidemiology and etiology
  4. Immunologic abnormalities in patients
  5. Pathology
  6. Immunophenotype and biology
  7. Staging
  8. Principles of treatment in classical Hodgkin lymphoma
  9. Special populations
  10. Post-treatment surveillance
  11. References
43. Chapter 119: Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
  1. Epidemiology and etiology
  2. Pathology, immunobiology, and natural history of NHL
  3. Gray zone lymphoma
  4. Differential diagnosis and sites of disease at presentation
  5. Staging and disease detection
  6. Disease parameters that influence prognosis and assessment of disease response
  7. Therapeutic approaches according to WHO classification
  8. New therapeutic approaches for NHL
  9. References
44. Chapter 120: Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
  1. Historical perspective
  2. Prognostic factors and biomarkers
  3. Conclusions
  4. References
45. Chapter 121: Plasma cell tumors
  1. Multiple myeloma
  2. Diagnostic criteria
  3. Epidemiology
  4. Clinical features
  5. Laboratory features
  6. Biology
  7. Prognostic factors
  8. Complications
  9. Treatment
  10. Relapsed disease
  11. Future directions
  12. Other plasma cell dyscrasias
  13. Immunoglobulin M monoclonal gammopathy
  14. Waldenström macroglobulinemia
  15. Heavy-chain diseases
  16. Amyloidosis
  17. References
46. Chapter 122: Myeloproliferative neoplasms: essential thrombocythemia, primary myelofibrosis, and polycythemia vera
  1. Essential thrombocythemia
  2. Primary myelofibrosis
  3. Polycythemia vera
  4. References
Part 12: Management of Cancer Complications
1. Chapter 123: Neoplasms of unknown primary site
  1. Pathologic evaluation
  2. Clinical evaluation
  3. Treatment
  4. References
2. Chapter 124: Anorexia and cachexia
  1. Introduction
  2. Etiology and mechanisms
  3. Treatment
  4. Future directions and summary
  5. References
3. Chapter 125: Antiemetic therapy
  1. Overview
  2. Pathophysiology of nausea and vomiting
  3. Types of nausea and vomiting
  4. Emetogenic chemotherapy
  5. Classes of antiemetics
  6. Recommendations for prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced emesis
  7. Special situations
  8. Conclusions
  9. References
4. Chapter 126: Neurologic complications of cancer
  1. Metastases
  2. Cranial and peripheral nerve metastases
  3. Nonmetastatic complications of cancer therapy
  4. Cerebrovascular complications of cancer
  5. Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes
  6. References
5. Chapter 127: Dermatologic complications of cancer chemotherapy
  1. Drug hypersensitivity reactions
  2. Targeted cancer therapeutics
  3. Immunomodulators
  4. Alopecia
  5. Stomatitis
  6. Nail reactions
  7. Extravasation reactions
  8. Pigmentary changes
  9. Radiation-associated reactions
  10. Acral reactions
  11. Cutaneous eruption of lymphocyte recovery
  12. References
6. Chapter 128: Skeletal complications
  1. Introduction
  2. Evaluation of a patient with bone lesions
  3. Solitary lesions of bone
  4. Options for treatment of skeletal lesions
  5. Principles of pathologic fracture treatment
  6. Intramedullary nailing
  7. Plate and screw fixation
  8. Arthroplasty
  9. Megaprostheses
  10. Treatment of periacetabular lesions
  11. Resection without reconstruction
  12. Spine lesions
  13. Treatment of painful metastases and impending fractures
  14. References
7. Chapter 129: Hematologic complications and blood bank support
  1. Causes of pancytopenia
  2. Abnormalities of red cells and red cell support
  3. Leukopenia and white cell support
  4. Thrombocytopenia and platelet support
  5. Abnormalities in platelet function
  6. Single- and multiple-donor platelets
  7. Clinical and laboratory assessment of the effectiveness of platelet transfusion
  8. Other therapeutic modalities
  9. Effects of transfusion on the immune system
  10. Transfusion-associated GVHD
  11. Definition of those at risk
  12. Strategies for prevention
  13. Transfusion-related infectious diseases
  14. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  15. Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type 1
  16. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
  17. Conclusion
  18. References
8. Chapter 130: Coagulopathic complications of cancer patients
  1. Physiology of normal hemostasis
  2. Relationship of coagulation system, inflammation, and cancer
  3. Microparticles
  4. Bleeding disorders
  5. Coagulation factor deficiencies
  6. Drug effects (L-asparaginase)
  7. Acute promyelocytic leukemia
  8. Thrombotic complications
  9. Anticancer effects of anticoagulation treatment
  10. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
  11. Thrombotic microangiopathies
  12. Arterial thrombosis and nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
  13. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
  14. Drugs for treatment of bleeding and thrombotic disorders
  15. References
9. Chapter 131: Urologic complications
  1. Introduction
  2. Urinary tract obstruction
  3. Cystitis and nephritis
  4. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nephrotoxicity of cancer therapeutic agents
  5. References
10. Chapter 132: Cardiac complications
  1. Evaluation of the cardiovascular system in the cancer patient
  2. Metastatic involvement of cardiac structures
  3. Cardiac effects of mediator release, high output states, and infiltrative disorders in cancer patients
  4. Cardiac dysrhythmia in the cancer patient
  5. Cardiac complications of cancer treatment
  6. References
11. Chapter 133: Respiratory complications
  1. Malignant airway obstruction
  2. Malignant pleural effusions
  3. Postsurgical respiratory insufficiency
  4. Chemotherapy-induced lung injury
  5. Pulmonary complications of thoracic radiation: Radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis
  6. Pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
  7. Pneumonia
  8. Venous thromboembolism
  9. Pulmonary hypertension in the cancer patient
  10. Sleep disorders in cancer patients
  11. Pulmonary rehabilitation
  12. Acute respiratory failure
  13. References
12. Chapter 134: Gastrointestinal and hepatic complications in cancer patients
  1. Esophageal disorders
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Colitis
  4. Intestinal manifestations of graft-versus-host disease
  5. Hepatic complications of cancer treatment
  6. Other GI complications of cancer therapy
  7. References
13. Chapter 135: Oral complications of cancer and their treatment
  1. Pretreatment assessment
  2. Oral complications of radiotherapy
  3. Oral complications of chemotherapy
  4. Oral complications associated with HSCT
  5. References
14. Chapter 136: Gonadal complications
  1. Historical background
  2. Assessment of gonadal function after gonadotoxic therapy
  3. Effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy on gonadal function
  4. Fertility following high-dose chemotherapy
  5. Effects of radiation therapy on gonadal function
  6. Effects of targeted therapies on gonadal function
  7. Protective measures
  8. Outcomes of pregnancy
  9. Psychosocial issues
  10. References
15. Chapter 137: Sexual dysfunction
  1. Historical perspective
  2. Incidence and epidemiology—local and worldwide
  3. Risk factors—premorbid sexual function, cancer treatments, and behavioral characteristics
  4. Prevention—surgical, medical, behavioral
  5. Screening
  6. Diagnosis
  7. Prognostic factors
  8. Multidisciplinary care
  9. Psychosocial factors and management
  10. Survivorship and follow-up
  11. Unmet needs, future directions, and conclusions
  12. References
16. Chapter 138: Endocrine complications and paraneoplastic syndromes
  1. Introduction
  2. Endocrine complications
  3. Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (“ectopic” hormone production)
  4. References
17. Chapter 139: Infections in patients with cancer
  1. Infections primarily associated with neutropenia
  2. Infections primarily associated with impaired cellular and humoral immunity
  3. Spectrum of infection
  4. Fungal infections
  5. Viral infections
  6. Special situations
  7. Perianal infections
  8. Catheter-related infections
  9. Therapy of infections in patients with neutropenia
  10. Duration of therapy
  11. Infection prevention
  12. Antifungal and antiviral prophylaxis
  13. Antimicrobial stewardship
  14. Perspectives
  15. References
18. Chapter 140: Oncologic emergencies
  1. Introduction
  2. Approach to acutely III cancer patients
  3. Circulatory oncologic emergencies
  4. Respiratory oncologic emergencies
  5. Neurologic oncologic emergencies
  6. Other oncologic emergencies
  7. References
Part 13: The Future of Oncology
1. Chapter 141: A vision for twenty-first century healthcare
  1. A vision for healthcare
  2. Quantifying wellness and demystifying disease
  3. The emergence of P4 medicine
  4. The early stages
  5. The book of life—four levels of biological information
  6. Systems medicine: a tipping point
  7. P4 medicine: a revolution in healthcare
  8. P4 medicine: quantifying wellness and demystifying disease
  9. A pilot wellness program
  10. 100,000 Person Wellness Project
  11. Importance of data accessibility from the longitudinal 100K Wellness Project
  12. Scaling up
  13. Hundred Person Wellness Project
  14. Hundred Pioneer pilot study results
  15. Benefits of the 100,000 (100K) person and 107 Pioneer wellness studies for healthcare
  16. How do we plan to proceed?
  17. Systems medicine and cancer: a postscript
  18. The democratization of wellness and healthcare
  19. Acknowledgments
  20. References
2. Index
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