Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
Contributors
Series Preface
Volume Preface
Periodic Table of the Elements
Part 1: Assembly and Trafficking of Simple Fe-S Clusters
Nif System for Simple [Fe–S] Cluster Assembly in Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
1 Introduction
2 The Nif System as a Model for Analysis of Simple [Fe–S] Cluster Assembly
3 Analysis of the Mo-Dependent Nitrogen-Fixing System in
A. vinelandii
4 Genetic Phenotypes and Biochemical Features Indicated a Role for NifU and NifS in [Fe–S] Cluster Formation
5 NifS Cysteine Desulfurase
6 NifU Provides a Scaffold for [Fe–S] Cluster Assembly
7 NifU and NifS as the Minimum Set for the Assembly and Transfer of Fe–S Clusters
8 The NifS/NifU [Fe–S] Cluster Assembly Toolkit Provides a Paradigm for Simple [Fe–S] Cluster Assembly
9 Functional Cross Talk Between [Fe–S] Cluster Biosynthetic Systems
10 Concluding Remarks
11 Acknowledgments
12 Related Articles
13 Abbreviations and Acronyms
14 References
Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly in Bacteria and Eukarya using the ISC Biosynthesis Machinery
1 Introduction
2 Core Fe–S Cluster Assembly Step
3 Fe–S Cluster Transfer Step
4 From the Mitochondria to the Cytosol
5 Unsolved Questions
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
The Suf System in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryotic Organelles
1 Introduction
2 Bacterial Suf Pathways: Diverse Roles in Fe–S Cluster Biogenesis
3 Archaea and the Origin of the Suf Pathway
4 Eukaryotic Suf Systems: A Role for Suf in Plastid Organelles and in the Cytoplasm
5 Conclusions
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Roles of Class II Glutaredoxins in the Maturation of Fe–S Proteins
1 Introduction
2 The Cellular Maturation of Fe–S Proteins in Model Organisms
3 Involvement of Glutaredoxins in the Maturation of Fe–S Proteins in Eukaryotes
4 Spectroscopic and Structural Data for Fe–S Bridged Complexes Involving Class II GRXs
5 Molecular Interactions Between Class II GRXs and their Partners
6 Conclusions
7 Related Articles
8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
9 References
Part 2: Assembly of Complex and Heterometallic Fe-S Cluster Active Sites
Nitrogenase Metallocluster Assembly
1 Introduction
2 Properties of NifDK Metalloclusters
3 Biosynthetic Factors
4 M-Cluster Biosynthesis
5 Biosynthesis of P Cluster
6 Discussion and Future Directions
7 Acknowledgments
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Metallocluster Assembly: Maturation of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases
1 Introduction
2 The Metal Center of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases
3 A Protein Machinery for [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Maturation
4 The Hyd Proteins
5 Mechanism of Maturation of [FeFe]-Hydrogenases
6 Maturase-Free Chemical Maturation: A Unique Technological Tool
7 Conclusions
8 Acknowledgments
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
CO Dehydrogenase and Acetyl-CoA Synthase
1 Introduction
2 Maturation of Ni,Fe-CODHs
3 Maturation of Ni,Fe-Containing ACS
4 Outlook
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Part 3: Assembly of Homometallic and Heterometalic Cu Cluster Active Sites
Assembly of Dinuclear Copper Center in Tyrosinases and Hemocyanins
1 Introduction
2 Tyrosinase and Hemocyanin: An Overview
3 Bacterial Tyrosinase
4 Mammalian Tyrosinase
5 Fungal Tyrosinase
6 Plant Tyrosinase (Catechol Oxidase) and Molluskan and Arthropod Hemocyanin
7 Summary
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Multicopper Oxidases
1 Introduction
2 Overview of MCO Structure andCopper-Coordination Sites
3 MCOs In Vitro: Interconversion of Apo and Holo Forms and Their Stability
4 Copper Redox State as a Probe of Copper-Site Assembly: Fet3
5 The
Bacillus subtilis
CotA MCO: Tracking the Protein and Metal in vivo and in vitro
6 Cellular Trafficking of MCO Proteins andProsthetic Group Copper
7 Summary
8 Related Articles
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Assembly of the Redox-Active Metal Centers of Cytochrome
c
Oxidase
1 Introduction
2 Heme a Biosynthesis and Insertion
3 Assembly of the Cu
B
Center
4 Assembly of the Cu
A
Center
5 Metallation of Copper Chaperones Involved in C
c
O Assembly
6 Acknowledgments
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
CuA and CuZ Center Assembly in Nitrous Oxide Reductase
1 Introduction
2 The Enzyme Nitrous Oxide Reductase
3 Assembly of Copper Centers into Nitrous Oxide Reductase
4 Conclusions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
MoCu CO Dehydrogenase and its Active-Site Assembly
1 Introduction
2 Chemolithoautotrophic Growth with CO
3 MoCu CO Dehydrogenase of
Oligotropha carboxidovorans
4 CO Dehydrogenase Active-Site Assembly
5 Function of CoxG as Membrane Anchor
6 Summary
7 Related Articles
8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
9 References
10 Further Reading
Part 4: Assembly of Homometallic and Heterometallic Mn Clusters
Homo- and Heterometallic Dinuclear Manganese Proteins: Active Site Assembly
1 Introduction
2 Homometallic Manganese Proteins and their Cofactor Assembly
3 Heterometallic Manganese–Iron Proteins and their Cofactor Assembly
4 Conclusions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Biogenesis and Assembly of the CaMn
4
O
5
Core of Photosynthetic Water Oxidases and Inorganic Mutants
1 Introduction: Brief History, Biogeological Impact
2 Structure and Evolution of PSII
3 WOC Operation
4 Manganese Speciation and Redox EquilibriaRelevant to Cells
5 In Vitro Photoassembly
6 In Vivo Photoassembly
7 Future Directions
8 Acknowledgments
9 Related Articles
10 Abbreviations and Acronyms
11 References
12 Further Reading
Part 5: Assembly of Homometallic and Heterometallic Ni Clusters
Urease Activation
1 Introduction
2 Accessory Proteins Required for Urease Active Site Assembly
3 Acknowledgments
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Insights into [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Active Site Metallocluster Assembly
1 Introduction
2 The Accessory Protein Machinery
3 Cofactor Biosynthesis
4 Nickel Insertion
5 The Conformational Switch and Active Site Closure
6 Protein Assembly
7 Perspectives
8 Acknowledgments
9 Related Articles
10 Abbreviations and Acronyms
11 References
Part 6: Assembly of Cofactors for Binding Active-site Metal Centers
Moco in Mo/W Enzymes
1 Introduction
2 The Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum Cofactors
3 The Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum Cofactors in Humans
4 Conclusions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Heme Biosynthesis
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)
3 Conversion of ALA to Uroporphyrinogen III
4 Siroheme-Dependent (SHD) Pathway
5 Further Preparation for the Coproporphyrin and Protoporphyrin-Dependent Pathways
6 Coproporphyrin-Dependent (CPD) Pathway
7 Protoporphyrin-Dependent (PPD) Pathway
8 Parasite Heme Biosynthesis
9 Regulation of Heme Synthesis
10 Future Directions in Heme Synthesis
11 Acknowledgments
11 Related Articles
13 Abbreviations and Acronyms
14 References
Siroheme Assembly and Insertion to Nitrite and Sulfite Reductase
1 Siroheme Function
2 Siroheme Biogenesis: CysG
3 Cofactor Assembly
4 Related Articles
5 Abbreviations and Acronyms
6 References
Biosynthesis of Coenzyme F430 and the Posttranslational Modification of the Active Site Region of Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase
1 Introduction
2 Coenzyme F430 Biosynthesis
3 MCR Posttranslational Modifications
4 MCR Catalysis in ANME
5 Conclusions
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Coenzyme B
12
Biosynthesis in Bacteria and Archaea
1 Introduction
2
De Novo
Corrin Ring Biosynthesis
3 The Nucleotide Loop Assembly (NLA) Pathway
4 Salvaging Complete and Incomplete Corrinoids
5 Biosynthesis of DMB and other Benzimidazoles
6 Concluding Remarks
7 Acknowledgments
8 Glossary
9 Abbreviations and Acronyms
10 References
Crosslinked Cys–Tyr Free Radical Redox Cofactor
1 Introduction
2 Cys–Tyr Copper Metalloradical Active Site
3 Cofactor Self-Processing Reaction
4 Conclusions
5 Acknowledgments
6 Related Articles
7 Abbreviations and Acronyms
8 References
Topaquinone Biogenesis and Lysyl Tyrosine Quinone Biogenesis in Cu Amine Oxidases
1 Introduction
2 Structural Background and Key Insights
3 Mechanistic Studies and the Characterization of Intermediates in TPQ Biogenesis
4 The Biogenesis of LTQ
5 Inorganic Reactivity Considerations
6 Acknowledgments
7 Related Articles
8 Abbreviations and Acronyms
9 References
Index
Abbreviations and Acronyms used in this Volume
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