Introduction to Dynamics and Control in Mechanical Engineering Systems | To | March 2016 |
Fundamentals of Mechanical Vibrations | Cai | May 2016 |
Nonlinear Regression Modeling for Engineering Applications | Rhinehart | September 2016 |
Modeling, Model Validation, and Enabling Design of Experiments Stress in ASME Pressure Vessels | Jawad | November 2016 |
Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power Systems | Shi | January 2017 |
The monte Carlo Ray‐trace Method in Radiation heat Transfer and Applied optics | Mahan | December 2018 |
This Work is a co-publication between ASME Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mahan, J. R., author.
Title: The Monte Carlo ray-trace method in radiation heat transfer and
applied optics / J. Robert Mahan.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2019. | Series: Wiley-ASME
Press series | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2018036102 (print) | LCCN 2018043872 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119518525 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119518501 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119518518
(hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Heat--Transmission--Mathematical models. | Monte Carlo
method. | Ray tracing algorithms.
Classification: LCC QC320 (ebook) | LCC QC320 .M358 2018 (print) | DDC
536/.201518282–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018036102
Cover design: Wiley
Cover image: © Fig. 5.21, Nelson, E. L., J. R. Mahan, L. D. Birckelbaw, J. A. Turk, D. A. Wardwell, and C. E. Hange
Frontispiece, Le Forgeron, © 2018 Sylvie Barbi, used with permission
To Kory J. Priestley
The Wiley‐ASME Press Series in Mechanical Engineering brings together two established leaders in mechanical engineering publishing to deliver high‐quality, peer‐reviewed books covering topics of current interest to engineers and researchers worldwide. The series publishes across the breadth of mechanical engineering, comprising research, design and development, and manufacturing. It includes monographs, references, and course texts. Prospective topics include emerging and advanced technologies in engineering design, computer‐aided design, energy conversion and resources, heat transfer, manufacturing and processing, systems and devices, renewable energy, robotics, and biotechnology.
This book is a stand‐alone treatment of the Monte Carlo ray‐trace (MCRT) method as it is currently practiced in the field of radiation heat transfer. While intended primarily as a textbook for use by first‐year graduate students in curricula such as mechanical and aerospace engineering, the suitability of the MCRT method as an optical modeling tool makes the content equally well suited to the needs of students and practitioners of applied optics.
Max Planck, in his seminal 1912 book The Theory of Heat Radiation, writes that when undertaking radiation heat transfer analysis
…it will be assumed that the linear dimensions of all parts of space considered, as well as the radii of curvature of all surfaces under consideration, are large compared with the wave lengths of the rays considered. With this assumption we may, without appreciable error, entirely neglect the influence of diffraction caused by the bounding surfaces, and everywhere apply the ordinary laws of reflection and refraction of light.
In other words, Planck is alerting the reader that radiation heat transfer analysis is to be based on the principles of geometrical optics rather than on the more complex principles of physical optics. The material presented in the current book extends radiation heat transfer beyond this limited view. By including principles from physical optics we are able to attack problems inaccessible to geometrical optics alone.
During most of the century following the publication of Planck's book, the version of geometrical optics used in radiation heat transfer analysis has been based on its implications rather than on the literal application of its principles. Until the emergence of the high‐speed digital computer after World War II, the ray‐by‐ray application of geometrical optics to complex geometries was simply not practical. By the dawn of the new millennium, however, rapid advances in computing power had made it possible to emit and trace a statistically significant number of rays as they were scattered, refracted, and eventually absorbed within complex enclosures consisting of thousands of surface and optically participating volume elements. In other words, accurate simulation began to displace approximate analysis as a means of describing radiation heat transfer. Today, virtually no serious radiation heat transfer calculations are performed using the antiquated “net exchange” formulation, which is based on the questionable assumptions of uniform surface heat flux and diffuse gray surfaces, and is incapable by itself of treating radiation in participating media.
The mathematical basis of ray tracing and the fundamentals of thermal radiation are presented in the first two chapters. This material prepares the ground for Chapter 3, in which the MCRT method is introduced and used to model radiant exchange among diffuse gray surfaces. After the completion of the first three chapters, the reader is already armed with the essential knowledge required to formulate realistic radiation heat transfer models for the wide range of applications typically encountered in industrial settings. The next three chapters extend the MCRT method to include radiant exchange among non‐diffuse non‐gray surfaces (Chapter 4), radiation in a participating medium (Chapter 5), and the treatment of polarization, diffraction, and interference in applied optics (Chapter 6). The additional theory required to support these latter topics is introduced as the need arises. The ease of transition from the basic material of Chapter 3 to the more advanced material of Chapters 4, 5, and 6 is remarkable. This is due to the inherent flexibility of the MCRT method itself, whose basic principles apply equally well to directional wavelength‐dependent surface models as they do to diffuse gray surface models; and whose logical structure applies equally well to radiant exchange among volume elements as it does to radiant exchange among surface elements. The treatment of polarization, diffraction, and interference using the MCRT method follows naturally after the definition of a “ray” is augmented to include its wavelength, phase, and polarization state. Finally, Chapter 7 presents a formal statistical method for assessing the uncertainty, to a stated level of confidence, of results obtained using the MCRT method.
J. Robert Mahan
Blacksburg
March 2018
Most of what I know today, and much of the content of this book, I learned through my interaction with the 60 or so outstanding young men and women whose dissertation and thesis research I have had the privilege of directing over a long and rewarding career spent mostly at Virginia Tech. Without the intellectual stimulation they provided, this book simply would not have been possible. Over the years my research has been more or less continuously sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, principally by the Climate Science Branch of the Science Directorate at NASA's Langley Research Center. Without this funding, there would have been no graduate students, and thus no book.
I owe an unrepayable debt of gratitude to my own professors at the University of Kentucky, especially to my infinitely patient advisor Clifford J. Cremers, but also to Richard C. Birkebak, John H. Lienhard, IV, and Roger Eichhorn. Their high standards of scholarship, integrity, and achievement have served as a lasting guide for me as I pursued my own academic career.
Finally, my wife, Bea, who has been my constant companion for more than 50 years, has made the voyage worthwhile.
J. Robert Mahan
Blacksburg
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