Cover
List of Contributors
1 High Performance Technical Textiles: An Overview
1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Application Areas of Technical Textiles
3. 1.3 Technical Textiles by Functional Finishing
4. 1.4 High Performance Technical Textiles
5. 1.5 Conclusion
2 Household and Packaging Textiles
1. 2.1 Introduction
2. 2.2 Textile Materials, Properties, and Manufacturing
3. 2.3 High Performance Applications
4. 2.4 Testing Methods and Quality Control
5. 2.5 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
6. 2.6 Conclusion
7. References
3 Sports Textiles and Comfort Aspects
1. 3.1 Introduction
2. 3.2 Textile Fibres
3. 3.3 Developments in Yarns
4. 3.4 Developments in Fabric Structures
5. 3.5 Special Finishes
6. 3.6 High Performance Applications
7. 3.7 Active Textiles
8. 3.8 Smart Textiles and Garments
9. 3.9 Testing Methods and Quality Control
10. 3.10 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
11. 3.11 Conclusion
12. References
4 Medical and Healthcare Textiles
1. 4.1 Introduction
2. 4.2 Textile Materials, Structures, and Processes
3. 4.3 High Performance Applications of Medical Textiles
4. 4.4 Nanotechnology in Medicine and Healthcare
5. 4.5 Thermo‐Physiological Comfort of Medical Textiles
6. 4.6 Biocompatibility – Bioresorbability – Biostability
7. 4.7 Intelligent Medical and Healthcare Textiles
8. 4.8 Antimicrobial Textiles
9. 4.9 Testing Methods and Quality Control
10. 4.10 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
11. 4.11 Conclusion
12. References
5 Textile Materials for Protective Textiles
1. 5.1 Introduction
2. 5.2 Performance Requirements of Protective Textiles
3. 5.3 High Performance Fibres
4. 5.4 High Performance Textile Materials
5. 5.5 Thermal Burden and Thermo‐Physiological Comfort
6. 5.6 Testing Methods and Standards
7. 5.7 Sustainability and Ecological Issues
8. 5.8 Conclusion
9. References
6 Personal Protective Textiles and Clothing
1. 6.1 Introduction
2. 6.2 General Aspects of Textile Based PPC
3. 6.3 Fibres for PPC
4. 6.4 Yarns for PPC
5. 6.5 Fabrics for PPC
6. 6.6 PPC Fabrication
7. 6.7 Key Issues Related to PPC
8. 6.8 Conclusion
9. References
7 Textiles for Military and Law Enforcement Personnel
1. 7.1 Introduction
2. 7.2 Ballistic and Sharp Weapon Protection
3. 7.3 Protection from Heat and Flames
4. 7.4 Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Protective Clothing
5. 7.5 Functional Finishing
6. 7.6 Conclusion
7. References
8 Industrial and Filtration Textiles
1. 8.1 Introduction
2. 8.2 Synthetic and Nanotechnical Fibres
3. 8.3 Natural Fibres for Technical Applications
4. 8.4 Manufacture of Technical Textiles
5. 8.5 Functional Finishing
6. 8.6 Textile Reinforced Composite Materials
7. 8.7 High Performance Applications
8. 8.8 Testing Methods and Quality Control
9. 8.9 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
10. 8.10 Conclusion
11. References
9 Geotextiles and Environmental Protection Textiles
1. 9.1 Introduction
2. 9.2 Structure and Performance
3. 9.3 Fibres for Geotextiles
4. 9.4 Geotextiles and Soil
5. 9.5 Manufacturing Techniques
6. 9.6 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
7. 9.7 Conclusion
8. References
10 Agrotextiles and Crop Protection Textiles
1. 10.1 Introduction
2. 10.2 Fibres for Agrotextiles
3. 10.3 Textile Structures for Agrotextiles
4. 10.4 High Performance Applications
5. 10.5 Testing Standards Applicable to Agrotextiles
6. 10.6 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
7. 10.7 Conclusion
8. References
11 Building and Construction Textiles
1. 11.1 Introduction
2. 11.2 Architectural Textiles
3. 11.3 House Wraps
4. 11.4 Insulation
5. 11.5 Textile Reinforced Concrete
6. 11.6 Sustainability and Ecological Issues
7. 11.7 Conclusion
8. References
12 Automotive Textiles and Composites
1. 12.1 Introduction
2. 12.2 Mobiltech
3. 12.3 Application Areas of Automotive Textiles
4. 12.4 Textile Composites for Automobiles
5. 12.5 3D Fabrics for Automotive Applications
6. 12.6 Comfort Properties of Automotive Interior
7. 12.7 Conclusion
8. References
13 Marine Textiles and Composites
1. 13.1 Introduction
2. 13.2 Textiles for Marine Applications
3. 13.3 Properties of Textiles for Marine Applications
4. 13.4 Marine Textiles and Quality Standards
5. 13.5 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
6. 13.6 Conclusion
7. Acknowledgement
8. References
14 Aeronautical and Space Textiles
1. 14.1 Introduction
2. 14.2 Synthetic and Nanotechnical Fibres
3. 14.3 Natural and Bast Fibres for Technical Applications
4. 14.4 Manufacture of Technical Textiles
5. 14.5 Textile Reinforced Composite Materials
6. 14.6 Textile Composite Material Finishing
7. 14.7 High Performance Applications
8. 14.8 Testing Methods and Quality Control
9. 14.9 Self‐Healing of Composite Materials
10. 14.10 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
11. 14.11 Conclusion
12. References
15 Wearable and Smart Responsive Textiles
1. 15.1 Introduction
2. 15.2 Characterization of Smart Textiles
3. 15.3 Smart Textiles Grouped by Function
4. 15.4 Application of Smart Textiles
5. 15.5 Sustainability and Ecological Aspects
6. 15.6 Conclusion
7. Acknowledgements
8. References
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 2
1. Table 2.1 Summary of manufacturing techniques of household and packaging textile...
Chapter 3
1. Table 3.1 A comparison of sports textiles.
2. Table 3.2 General requirements and standards for their valorization.
Chapter 4
1. Table 4.1 Thermal conductivity of different materials [34].
2. Table 4.2 Properties and medical applications of selected biodegradable syntheti...
3. Table 4.3 Biomedical measurand characteristic.
4. Table 4.4 Textile based sensors for biological signal monitoring.
Chapter 5
1. Table 5.1 Mechanical properties of high performance fibres [1 8–15].
2. Table 5.2 Comparison of high performance fibres [21, 22].
3. Table 5.3 Protective barrier polymeric materials [21, 34].
4. Table 5.4 Flame‐retardant properties of high performance fibres [1 8–15].
5. Table 5.5 Composition, structure, and properties of some outer shell fabrics [91–93].
6. Commercially available thermal liner materials for firefighters' clothing [94–97...
7. Commercially available thermal liner materials for firefighters' clothing [94, 9...
8. Latent heat of adsorption, emission, and crystallization temperature of selected...
9. Table 5.9 Latent heat and melting point of selected salt hydrates [147, 153, 154].
10. Minimal requirement of protective clothing in CE marking scheme and the required...
Chapter 6
1. Table 6.1 Properties of natural fibres used in PPC.
2. Table 6.2 Properties of the synthetic fibres used in PPC.
3. Table 6.3 Test standards for measuring fibre properties.
4. Table 6.4 Test standards for measuring yarn properties.
5. Table 6.5 Test standards for measuring fabric properties.
6. Table 6.6 Test standards for measuring functional performance of PPC.
Chapter 7
1. Table 7.1 Standards for flame‐retardant clothing and materials for various appli...
Chapter 9
1. Table 9.1 Categories of industrial textiles [9].
2. Table 9.2 Typical composition of selected vegetable fibres.
3. Table 9.3 Crystallinity and cellulose polymerization degree of selected vegetabl...
4. Table 9.4 Selected physical parameters of some vegetable fibres.
5. Table 9.5 Ultimate fibre dimensions of some vegetable fibres.
6. Table 9.6 Geometrical characteristics of selected technical vegetable fibres.
7. Table 9.7 Mechanical properties of selected vegetable fibres [37].
8. Table 9.8 Physical and tensile properties of basalt, glass, and carbon fibres.
9. Table 9.9 Influence of weft and warp composition on mechanical properties of pla...
10. Table 9.10 Influence of weave on selected properties of basalt/jute woven fabric...
11. Table 9.11 Types of nonwoven geotextiles [77].
12. Table 9.12 Embodied carbon values for geotextiles [84].
13. Table 9.13 Common LCA conditions [85].
Chapter 10
1. Table 10.1 Classification and characteristic features of nets or barriers for cr...
2. Table 10.2 Commercial examples of bird protection nets.
3. Table 10.3 Commercial examples of shading nets.
4. Table 10.4 Commercial examples of mulch mats and ground covers.
5. Table 10.5 Commercial examples of root protectors.
6. Table 10.6 Commercial examples of crop covers.
7. Table 10.7 Commercial examples of capillary mats.
8. Table 10.8 Commercial examples of nonwoven growing medium.
9. Table 10.9 Standard testing methods for mechanical characterization of agrotexti...
10. Table 10.10 Fabric weight of some agrotextiles.
Chapter 11
1. Table 11.1 International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC‐ES) house wrap per...
2. Table 11.3 Advantages and disadvantages of asphalt based and polymeric based hou...
3. Table 11.2 Common house wrap materials [19].
4. Table 11.4 US Department of Energy recommended total R‐values for new wood frame...
5. Table 11.5 Fibreglass batt R‐value comparison [28].
6. Table 11.6 R‐values of fibre assemblies, per centimetre of thickness [24, 31].
7. Table 11.7 Qualitative comparison of TRC reinforcement materials.
8. Table 11.8 Comparison of mechanical properties of TRC reinforcement materials.
Chapter 12
1. Table 12.1 Overview of 3D structures with the type of weaving machine and proces...
Chapter 13
1. Table 13.1 Glass fibre composition [2].
2. Table 13.2 Comparison of different fibre properties [2].
3. Table 13.3 Requirements for an optimal antifouling finishing [39].
4. Table 13.4 Some fire performance acceptance criteria [5].
5. Table 13.5 Electrospun nanofibrous materials for oil–water separation applicatio...
Chapter 14
1. Table 14.1 Applications of aramid fibre in aerospace [22].
2. Table 14.2 Density and tensile properties of different fibres [35–37].
3. Table 14.3 Techniques of converting fibres into yarn.
4. Table 14.4 Three‐dimensional textile structures and weave architectures [52].
5. Table 14.5 Raw materials used in the hand lay‐up technique.
Chapter 15
1. Table 15.1 Ballistic protection materials.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 2
1. Figure 2.1 An overview of household or home textiles.
2. Figure 2.2 Main categories of packaging textiles in terms of consum...
3. Figure 2.3 Schematic summary of the key parameters that describe or...
4. Figure 2.4 Basic steps to sustainability in the household and packa...
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 Fibre materials enabling required performances.
2. Figure 3.2 Semipermeable cloth structure.
3. Figure 3.3 Different factors involved in designing functional cloth...
4. Figure 3.4 Temperature distribution over the body at 20 °C and 35 °...
5. Figure 3.5 Schematic view for different requirements of sports text...
6. Figure 3.6 Effects of environmental and human physiological factors...
7. Figure 3.7 Heat and moisture transfer mechanisms from skin to envir...
8. Figure 3.8 Various aspects of comfort.
9. Figure 3.9 Enabling technologies for required performances.
10. Figure 3.10 Layers of selecting features for optimized product.
11. Figure 3.11 The operational components of Suunto Movesense.
12. Figure 3.12 Movesense hardware technology: ReimaGO, Kaunila and Suu...
13. Figure 3.13 Smart clothing architecture.
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 Classification of fibres used in medical, healthcare, an...
2. Figure 4.2 Variables involved in the overall performance of the med...
3. Figure 4.3 Systematic classification of medical textiles.
4. Figure 4.4 Nonimplantable fibrous products.
5. Figure 4.7 Healthcare and hygiene materials.
6. Figure 4.8 Close view of the dialyzer hollow fibres.
7. Figure 4.9 The cross‐sectional view of a double‐layered PU vascular...
8. Figure 4.10 The representative images of skin wounds after treatmen...
9. Figure 4.11 Drug release mechanism of chitosan/alginate/polyvinyl a...
10. Figure 4.12 Schematic of microclimate between skin and a textile fa...
11. Figure 4.13 Fibres with engineered cross‐sections used in CoolMax f...
12. Figure 4.14 Fibres and fabrics with PCMs: (a) viscose rayon fibre c...
13. Figure 4.15 Reaction of host tissues to foreign bodies [33].
14. Figure 4.16 Schematic view of the working principle of an e‐health ...
15. Figure 4.17 Schematic presentation of the disease management and pr...
16. Figure 4.18 Electronic mattress in use in the intensive care unit o...
17. Figure 4.19 Schematic view of the working principle.
18. Figure 4.20 Application of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles eithe...
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.1 Duck down cluster.
2. Figure 5.2 Cross‐section of goose and duck down fibres (1 – barb; 2...
3. Figure 5.3 Microstructure of aerogel.
Chapter 6
1. Figure 6.1 Manufacturing of PPC.
2. Figure 6.2 Natural fibres for PPC (cotton, wool, flax, silk).
3. Figure 6.3 Fibre spinning techniques.
4. Figure 6.4 Working principle of loose stock or HTHP fibre dyeing ma...
5. Figure 6.5 Processing of ring‐spun yarns.
6. Figure 6.6 Materials used for producing yarn: (a) fibre bale, (b) s...
7. Figure 6.7 Machinery for producing yarn packages: (a) bale opening,...
8. Figure 6.8 Processing of rotor‐spun yarns.
9. Figure 6.9 Working principle of rotor‐spinning machine.
10. Figure 6.10 Processing of friction‐spun yarns.
11. Figure 6.11 Working principle of friction spinning machine.
12. Figure 6.12 Processing of air‐jet‐spun yarns.
13. Figure 6.13 Working principle of air‐jet spinning machine.
14. Figure 6.14 Working principle of a yarn dyeing machine.
15. Figure 6.15 Working principle of a power loom weaving machine.
16. Figure 6.16 Plain weave fabric.
17. Figure 6.17 Twill weave fabric.
18. Figure 6.18 Working principle of a circular knitting machine.
19. Figure 6.19 Classification of nonwoven fabrics.
20. Figure 6.20 Working principle of an electrospinning machine to prod...
21. Figure 6.21 Working principle of continuous fabric dyeing machine. ...
22. Figure 6.22 Working principle of flatbed screen printing machine.
23. Figure 6.23 Working principle of rotary screen printing machine.
24. Figure 6.24 Working principle of sanforizing machine for improving ...
25. Figure 6.25 Working principle of padding machine for improving the ...
26. Figure 6.26 Sweating guarded hot plate tester at Empa, Switzerland....
27. Figure 6.27 Sweating torso tester at Empa, Switzerland.
28. Figure 6.28 Working principle of PPC dyeing machine.
29. Figure 6.29 Flash fire manikin ‘Henry’ at Empa, Switzerland: (a) nu...
30. Figure 6.30 Rain manikin ‘James’ at Empa, Switzerland: (a) nude ins...
31. Figure 6.31 Clothed sweating thermal manikin ‘Sam’ at Empa, Switzer...
Chapter 7
1. Figure 7.1 Typical fragmentation from traditional munition.
2. Figure 7.2 Rifle ammunition: 5.45 × 39 mm, 7.62 × 39 mm, 5.56 mm NA...
3. Figure 7.3 Sharp weapons used for testing law enforcement stab‐resi...
4. Figure 7.4 Pistol ammunition: 9 mm Luger FMJ, 9 mm Luger HP and .35...
5. Figure 7.5 Typical military body armour.
6. Figure 7.6 Typical police body armour.
7. Figure 7.7 Typical hard armour plates (rifle protection).
8. Figure 7.8 Typical ballistic helmet.
9. Figure 7.9 Flame‐retardant clothing used by police officers.
10. Figure 7.10 Police officers working in CR1 (training exercise).
Chapter 8
1. Figure 8.1 Structural formula of cellulose acetate.
2. Figure 8.2 Particle collection mechanism of fibres.
3. Figure 8.3 Diagram displaying an electrospinning setup.
4. Figure 8.4 Diagram representing monofilament fabric.
5. Figure 8.5 Scanning electron microscope image showing the porous st...
Chapter 9
1. Figure 9.1 Geotextiles in use.
2. Figure 9.2 Geosynthetics family [12].
3. Figure 9.3 Cellulosic chain with hydrogen bonds [21].
4. Figure 9.4 Schematic structure of vegetable fibres constituents.
5. Figure 9.5 Structure of lignin.
6. Figure 9.6 Basic unit of lignin.
7. Figure 9.7 Schematic arrangement of primary wall [28].
8. Figure 9.8 Plant (P); a bundle (B), and SEM surface (S) for the sis...
9. Figure 9.9 Bundle of ultimate flax fibres (a) glued by pectin, (b) ...
10. Figure 9.10 Cross‐section of broken basalt fibre.
11. Figure 9.11 Basic phase of soils [42].
12. Figure 9.12 Degradation under anaerobic conditions.
13. Figure 9.13 Degradation under aerobic conditions.
14. Figure 9.14 Biodegradation of cellulose based textiles during soil ...
15. Figure 9.15 Cotton samples [50].
16. Figure 9.16 Jute samples [50].
17. Figure 9.17 Linen samples [50].
18. Figure 9.18 SEM images of the LMWPE sheets before and after 80 days...
19. Figure 9.19 Textile structures for geo‐applications [59].
20. Figure 9.20 Two‐dimensional woven fabric (a) interlacement, (b) sch...
21. Figure 9.21 Biaxial noninterlaced (a) woven fabrics and (b) knitted...
22. Figure 9.22 Structure of plain weave binding point.
23. Figure 9.23 Structure of leno weave binding point [68].
24. Figure 9.24 Slip forces ratio for various weft spacing [69].
25. Figure 9.25 Triaxial woven fabrics.
26. Figure 9.26 Three‐dimensional orthogonal woven fabric.
27. Figure 9.27 Three‐dimensional angle interlock fabrics.
28. Figure 9.28 Basic types of stratification.
29. Figure 9.29 MULTIKNIT structure.
30. Figure 9.30 Characteristics of quasi‐yarns.
31. Figure 9.31 Principle of quasi‐yarn creation.
32. Figure 9.32 Principle of lamination.
33. Figure 9.33 Creation of a 3D product.
34. Figure 9.34 Combination of ROTIS and quasi‐yarns.
35. Figure 9.35 Conventional of 2D structure with quasi‐yarns.
36. Figure 9.36 Product created by lamination.
37. Figure 9.37 Three‐layer ROTIS structure with nanofibrous net.
38. Figure 9.38 Some 3D structures prepared by ROTIS technology.
39. Figure 9.39 Stages and system boundaries of LCA [85].
Chapter 10
1. Figure 10.1 Images of bird protection nets: (a) diamond knitted; (b...
2. Figure 10.2 Images of commercial shading nets: (a) TenCate Nicolon^®...
3. Figure 10.3 Images of commercial mulch mats or ground covers: (a) C...
4. Figure 10.4 Commercial examples of crop covers: (a) Typar^®, no...
5. Figure 10.5 Capillary mats: operating diagram.
6. Figure 10.6 Image of a biobased growing medium.
7. Figure 10.7 The degradation process of the immersed biodegradable m...
Chapter 11
1. Figure 11.1 Examples of architectural fabric structures. (a) the El...
2. Figure 11.2 Examples of potential architectural fabric structures. ...
3. Figure 11.3 (a) Coated fabric multilayer structure (); (b) plain we...
4. Figure 11.4 Haj Airport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
5. Figure 11.5 (a) Two possible wall construction incorporating DuPont
6. Figure 11.6 Schematic of house wrap responsibilities.
7. Figure 11.7 Low vapour permeable house wrap versus high vapour perm...
8. Figure 11.8 DuPont AirGuard^® reflective vapour control layer w...
9. Figure 11.9 DuPont Tyvek ThermaWrap^® R5.0 – an insulated house...
10. Figure 11.10 U.S. Department of Energy R‐value zones..
11. Figure 11.11 Insulating material types.
12. Figure 11.12 Schematic of different reinforcement systems: (a) stee...
13. Figure 11.13 (a) Carbon fibre roving used for concrete reinforcemen...
14. Figure 11.14 Comparison of normalized mechanical properties (tensil...
15. Figure 11.15 Hand lay‐up of TRC.
16. Figure 11.16 Applications of textile reinforced concrete: (a, b) th...
Chapter 12
1. Figure 12.1 Textile based car seat cover.
2. Figure 12.2 Flooring carpet for automotive applications.
3. Figure 12.3 Typical nonwoven car roof headliner.
4. Figure 12.4 Typical seatbelts used in automotive industry.
5. Figure 12.5 Airbags used in automotive industry.
6. Figure 12.6 Typical tyre cord fabric.
7. Figure 12.7 3D spacer knitted fabric production.
8. Figure 12.8 3D stitch bonded nonwovens. 1. Stitching needle, 2. Clo...
9. Figure 12.9 3D solid structures: (a) orthogonal; (b) warp interlock...
Chapter 13
1. Figure 13.1 Marine industry resin systems [2].
2. Figure 13.2 Different forms of reinforcement [2].
3. Figure 13.3 Commercially available weave patterns [2].
4. Figure 13.4 Comparison of woven roving and knitted construction [2]...
5. Figure 13.5 Electrospun nanofibrous materials for oil–water separat...
Chapter 14
1. Figure 14.1 Classification of textile fibres.
2. Figure 14.2 Melt spinning process and drawing process.
3. Figure 14.3 Plain, twill, and satin 2D weave constructions.
4. Figure 14.4 Braided structure.
5. Figure 14.5 Polymer reinforced composite structure.
6. Figure 14.6 Setup for the injection moulding process.
7. Figure 14.7 Schematic diagram of autoclave.
8. Figure 14.8 Schematic diagram of the pultrusion process.
Chapter 15
1. Figure 15.1 The application of shape memory materials [10].
2. Figure 15.2 Electronic textiles.
3. Figure 15.3 Ballistic protection materials [88].
4. Figure 15.4 Schematic energy exchange process of phase change mater...
5. Figure 15.5 World of wearable technology applications.
6. Figure 15.6 Structure of modern composite wound care products.
7. Figure 15.7 Electrospinning set‐up.
8. Figure 15.8 SEM images of untreated and treated nanowebs (a) and (b...
9. Figure 15.9 Smart textiles system with monitoring functions in spor...
10. Figure 15.10 Nonwoven decontamination fabric and its structure [129...
11. Figure 15.11 Structure of textiles printed with conductive ink.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Paul, Roshan.Title: High performance technical textiles / edited by Roshan Paul,University of Beira Interior, Portugal.

Description: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ, USA : Wiley, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. |

Identifiers: LCCN 2018049413 (print) | LCCN 2018050917 (ebook) | ISBN9781119325055 (AdobePDF) | ISBN 9781119325031 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119325017(hardcover)

Subjects: LCSH: Industrial fabrics. | Geotextiles. | Synthetic fabrics.

Classification: LCC TS1770.I53 (ebook) | LCC TS1770.I53 H54 2019 (print) |DDC 677/.6–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018049413

Cover design: Wiley

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