Cover
Illustrations and Tables
Note on Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Chronological Outline
1. Pharaonic Egypt
2. Macedonian Dynasty (332–305 BC)
3. Ptolemaic Rulers (305–30 BC)
4. Roman Emperors (30 BC–AD 324)
5. Byzantine Emperors (AD 324–639/42)
6. Arab Rule (since AD 639/42)
Maps
PART I: GRECO‐ROMAN EGYPT EXPLORED
1. CHAPTER ONE: Unique Sources in an Unusual Setting
  1. 1.1 A Wealth of Sources
  2. 1.2 The Physical Landscape
  3. 1.3 Conclusion
  4. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER TWO: Modern Scholars at Work in a Digital and Multidisciplinary Setting
  1. 2.1 The Growth of Scholarly Disciplines and Multidisciplinarity
  2. 2.2 Impact of Digitalization – Textual Sources
  3. 2.3 The Impact of Digitalization: Archeological Sources
  4. 2.4 Conclusion: A Bright Future
  5. FURTHER READING
PART II: EGYPT AS PART OF A GLOBALIZING WORLD
1. CHAPTER THREE: The Last Pharaohs
  1. 3.1 Ptolemy I and the Foundation of the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323–305/4 BC)
  2. 3.2 The Legitimization of Power: The Ptolemies as Hellenistic Kings and as Pharaohs
  3. 3.3 The Golden Age (305/4–204 BC)
  4. 3.4 Crises and Reorganization (204–116 BC)
  5. 3.5 116–80 BC: A Transitional Period
  6. 3.6 The Ptolemies and Rome (80–30 BC)
  7. 3.7 Conclusion
  8. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER FOUR: A Roman Province in the Eastern Mediterranean
  1. 4.1 Strengths and Lacunas of the Source Material
  2. 4.2 Emperors in Egypt
  3. 4.3 The Country and Its People
  4. 4.4 Guarding the New Province and Its Trade Routes
  5. 4.5 A Prefect in Charge of the “Province of Alexandria and Egypt” and the Provincial “Government”
  6. 4.6 Governing the Countryside
  7. 4.7 The Liturgical System
  8. 4.8 Controlling the Population and the Laographia
  9. 4.9 Economic and Monetary Policy
  10. 4.10 Rome's Granary
  11. 4.11 Changing Land Categories
  12. 4.12 Interactions in the Religious Sphere
  13. 4.13 Conclusion: Impact of Empire
  14. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER FIVE: Egypt in the Byzantine World
  1. 5.1 Becoming Part of the Byzantine World
  2. 5.2 Constantinople, the New Rome
  3. 5.3 Constantinople and Egypt: Mutual Contacts and Interests
  4. 5.4 Alexandria, Cradle of Religious Controversies
  5. 5.5 Alexandria, a Global Cultural Trendsetter
  6. 5.6 Blemmyan Raids
  7. 5.7 Paganism and Gnosticism
  8. 5.8 Leaving the Byzantine World: The Arab Conquest
  9. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER SIX: Life Portraits
  1. FURTHER READING
PART III: GOVERNING A COUNTRY WITH A PAST
1. CHAPTER SEVEN: The Ptolemaic Governmental Branches and the Role of Temples and Elite Groups
  1. 7.1 Performance of Ptolemaic Governance
  2. 7.2 The Ideology of Centralization
  3. 7.3 Administrative Control of Egypt
  4. 7.4 The Administration of External Territories
  5. 7.5 Law, Legal Order, and the Administration of Justice
  6. 7.6 The Role of Temple and Local Elites in Administration
  7. 7.7 A Broader View of Ptolemaic Governance
  8. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER EIGHT: The Branches of Roman and Byzantine Government and the Role of Cities, the Church, and Elite Groups
  1. 8.1 Between Tradition and Innovation
  2. 8.2 The Duties of the Prefect
  3. 8.3 The Roman Central Administration
  4. 8.4 The Central State Archives
  5. 8.5 The Roman Administration of the Chora
  6. 8.6 Archives and Record Offices in the Chora
  7. 8.7 From Municipalization of the Chora to Civitates
  8. 8.8 Late Antique Egypt
  9. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER NINE: Policymakers in a Changing World
  1. 9.1 The Complex World of Policymakers
  2. 9.2 The Education of the Royal Family
  3. 9.3 Greek or Egyptian Advisers?
  4. 9.4 The Impact of Royal Advisers
  5. 9.5 Egypt's Role in Controlling Power in Rome
  6. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER TEN: Taxation and Fiscal Reforms
  1. 10.1 Ptolemaic Egypt
  2. 10.2 Roman Egypt
  3. 10.3 The Later Roman and Byzantine Period
  4. 10.4 Conclusion
  5. FURTHER READING
5. CHAPTER ELEVEN: Security and Border Policy
  1. 11.1 The Ptolemaic Army
  2. 11.2 The Police in Ptolemaic Egypt
  3. 11.3 The Army of Roman and Late Antique Egypt
  4. 11.4 The Civilian Police in Roman and Late Antique Egypt
  5. 11.5 Conclusion
  6. FURTHER READING
6. CHAPTER TWELVE: Immigration, Globalization, and the Impact on Private Law
  1. 12.1 Regionalism and Diachronic Change in Greek Legal Documents
  2. 12.2 Continuity and Change in Egyptian Legal Documents
  3. 12.3 Roman Legal Documents
  4. 12.4 Conclusion
  5. FURTHER READING
7. CHAPTER THIRTEEN: Life Portraits
  1. 13.1 The Archive of the Oikonomos Apollonios: A Glimpse into the Paperwork of a Financial Officer
  2. 13.2 The Tefhape Lawsuit Archive: A Tale of Two Brothers
  3. 13.3 The Family Archive of Peteharsemtheus, a Small‐scale Landowner and Businessman
  4. 13.4 An Official at Work: The Paperwork of Menches, Village Scribe of Kerkeosiris
  5. 13.5 The Family Archive of Tryphon, a Humble Weaver Plagued by Bad Luck
  6. 13.6 The Family Archive of M. Lucretius Diogenes, Great‐grandson of a Roman Veteran
  7. 13.7 Fighting Injustice: The Mixed Archive of Flavius Abinnaeus, Army Commander at Dionysias
  8. 13.8 Conclusion
  9. FURTHER READING
PART IV: DEVELOPING THE ECONOMIC STRENGTH OF THE NILE COUNTRY
1. CHAPTER FOURTEEN: Monetization of the Countryside
  1. 14.1 Monetization and State Development
  2. 14.2 The First Ptolemaic Coinage
  3. 14.3 Mobilizing Coinage
  4. 14.4 The Limits of the Monetary Economy
  5. 14.5 Crisis and Development
  6. 14.6 Roman Transformation
  7. 14.7 Crisis and Development Again
  8. 14.8 A New Monetary Era
  9. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER FIFTEEN: Stimuli for Irrigation, Agriculture, and Quarrying
  1. 15.1 Irrigation and Agriculture
  2. 15.2 Stone and Quarrying
  3. 15.3 Conclusion
  4. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER SIXTEEN: Economic Growth and the Exploitation of Land
  1. 16.1 The Economy of Greco‐Roman Egypt and Its Fundamentals
  2. 16.2 The Economy of Greco‐Roman Egypt Limited by Time, Place, and Type of Activity
  3. 16.3 The Ptolemaic Period: Growth and Stagnation
  4. 16.4 The Roman Period: Growth and Decline
  5. 16.5 Late Antiquity: Recovery and Decline
  6. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: Life Portraits
  1. 17.1 Job Opportunities in the Fayum Oasis
  2. 17.2 Job Opportunities in the Eastern Desert
  3. 17.3 Job Opportunities in the Financial Sector
  4. 17.4 Job Opportunities in a Key Sector: The Textile Industry
  5. FURTHER READING
PART V: IDENTITY IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
1. CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: Social Identity and Upward Mobility
  1. 18.1 Identity: A Definition
  2. 18.2 Social Identity and Upward Mobility Under the Ptolemies
  3. 18.3 Elite Classes of Ptolemaic Society
  4. 18.4 Lower Classes of Ptolemaic Society
  5. 18.5 Chattel and Sacred Slavery Under the Ptolemies
  6. 18.6 Social Classes in Roman and Late Antique Egypt
  7. 18.7 Upward Mobility in a Changing Roman Setting
  8. 18.8 Slaves, Freedmen, and a Dynamic Upward Mobility
  9. 18.9 Conclusion
  10. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER NINETEEN: Ethnic Identity
  1. 19.1 Mass Immigration of Greeks in the Early Ptolemaic Period
  2. 19.2 Ethnicity
  3. 19.3 A Double‐Faced Society?
  4. 19.4 Changing Ethnicity
  5. 19.5 Greek Tax Privilege
  6. 19.6 Divide et Impera: “Greeks among the Egyptians”
  7. 19.7 Greekness in the Metropoleis Upgraded
  8. 19.8 Ethnicity in Roman Egypt: Greek as Language of Power
  9. 19.9 Late Roman Egypt: Greek as Language of High Culture
  10. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER TWENTY: Ethnic Minority Groups
  1. 20.1 A Wide Range of Immigrants
  2. 20.2 Identifying Ethnic Groups: Ethnic Labels and Personal Names
  3. 20.3 The Ptolemaic Politeumata
  4. 20.4 Temples and Proseuchai
  5. 20.5 The Jews in Roman Times
  6. 20.6 Conclusion
  7. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: Family and Life Cycle Transitions
  1. 21.1 Family and Household
  2. 21.2 Family Relationships
  3. 21.3 Shaping Families: Sex Preference, Infant Exposure, Adoption, and Endogamy
  4. 21.4 Family and Occupational Identity
  5. 21.5 Life Cycle Transitions
  6. 21.6 Family Conflict
  7. FURTHER READING
5. CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: Gender Issues
  1. 22.1 The Legal Status of Women in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt
  2. 22.2 Female Spaces
  3. 22.3 Education and Professional Training
  4. 22.4 Upward Mobility
  5. 22.5 An Unequal Sex Ratio
  6. 22.6 Christian, Ascetic, and Monastic Life
  7. FURTHER READING
6. CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: Cultural Identity
  1. 23.1 A Life‐Course Approach
  2. 23.2 Cultural Identity in Greco‐Roman Egypt
  3. 23.3 Housing Practices
  4. 23.4 Burial Practices
  5. 23.5 Conclusion
  6. FURTHER READING
7. CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: A Sound Body and Mind
  1. 24.1 Literacy in Everyday Life
  2. 24.2 Elite Literacy and Literary Education
  3. 24.3 Fitness as Cultural Capital
  4. 24.4 The Body in Everyday Life
  5. FURTHER READING
8. CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE: Life Portraits
  1. 25.1 The Closed Community of Egyptian Undertakers
  2. 25.2 The Best of Two Worlds
  3. 25.3 Local Elite Identity in an Expanding Empire
  4. 25.4 The Last Convulsions of Hellenism
  5. FURTHER READING
PART VI: TRADITIONAL RELIGIOUS LIFE CHALLENGED
1. CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX: Cults, Creeds, and Clergy in a Multicultural Context
  1. 26.1 Egyptian Temple‐Building to New Heights
  2. 26.2 Priestly Power and Organization
  3. 26.3 From Interpretatio Graeca to Henotheism
  4. 26.4 Animal Cults and Animal Mummies: A Thriving Business
  5. 26.5 Life After Death
  6. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER TWENTY-SEVEN: A Successful Ruler and Imperial Cult
  1. 27.1 The Ptolemies
  2. 27.2 The Roman Emperors
  3. 27.3 Conclusion
  4. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT: New Deities and New Habits
  1. 28.1 New Deities, New Identities, New Looks
  2. 28.2 New Habits
  3. 28.3 Conclusion
  4. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER TWENTY-NINE: Egypt's Role in the Rise of Christianity, Monasticism, and Regional Schisms
  1. 29.1 The Earliest Christian Presence
  2. 29.2 The Alexandrian Church Under the Episcopate of Demetrius
  3. 29.3 Christians up the Nile
  4. 29.4 The Decian and Valerian Persecutions
  5. 29.5 An Egyptian Church of Increasing Size and Complexity
  6. 29.6 The Egyptian Church Challenged Again: The Great Persecution and Schisms
  7. 29.7 The Monastic Movement
  8. 29.8 The Alexandrian Church from the Death of Athanasius to Chalcedon
  9. 29.9 Christians, Literary Activity, and the Archeological Record
  10. 29.10 Changing Imperial Theological Preferences
  11. 29.11 The Arab Conquest and Beyond
  12. FURTHER READING
5. CHAPTER THIRTY: Life Portraits
  1. 30.1 Recluses in a Sanctuary: The Katochoi of the Memphite Serapeum
  2. 30.2 The Dreams of the Ibis‐Priest Horos of Sebennytos
  3. 30.3 Priestly Worries in Roman Fayum: The Temple of Soknobraisis
  4. 30.4 The End of Paganism: The Papers of Ammon Scholasticus
  5. 30.5 Monastic Life: The Rules of Pachomius
  6. FURTHER READING
PART VII: CREATIVE MINDS IN THEORY AND PRAXIS
1. CHAPTER THIRTY-ONE: Languages, Scripts, Literature, and Bridges Between Cultures
  1. 31.1 Languages, Scripts, and Dialects
  2. 31.2 Evidence of Multilingualism
  3. 31.3 Multilingual Documents
  4. 31.4 Schools, Literacy, and Bilingualism
  5. 31.5 The Library of Alexandria and Egyptian Temples
  6. 31.6 Bridges Between Cultures
  7. 31.7 Conclusion
  8. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO: Encounters Between Greek and Egyptian Science
  1. 32.1 Early Encounters
  2. 32.2 From the Actual Practice of the Egyptian Land Survey to Greek Geometry
  3. 32.3 Astronomy and Astrology
  4. 32.4 Between Pharmacopeia and Medicine in the Two Worlds: Creativity and Application (Pharaonic Times)
  5. 32.5 Between Pharmacopeia and Medicine in the Two Worlds: Creativity and Application (Greco‐Roman Times)
  6. 32.6 Interfaces in Alchemy
  7. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER THIRTY-THREE: New Architectural Practices and Urbanism
  1. 33.1 Architectural and Urban Innovations from the Ptolemaic to the Byzantine Era
  2. 33.2 Collective Baths in Egypt: Mediterranean Imports with a Local Twist
  3. 33.3 Conclusion
  4. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR: Creativity in Visual Arts
  1. 34.1 A Dialogue Between Change and Continuity
  2. 34.2 Diversity of Sources and Scholarship
  3. 34.3 Egyptian Temples and Stelae
  4. 34.4 Tombs and Their Decoration
  5. 34.5 The Ptolemaic Faience Wine‐Jugs or Oinochoai
  6. 34.6 The Visual Identity of Arsinoe II Philadelphus
  7. 34.7 The End of Pharaonic Culture and Traditions
  8. 34.8 Conclusion
  9. FURTHER READING
PART VIII: EPILOGUE
1. CHAPTER THRITY-FIVE: The People of Greco‐Roman Egypt
  1. 35.1 Defining Quality of Life
  2. 35.2 A Happiness Index for Greco‐Roman Egypt
  3. 35.3 Happiness Studies: Research Perspectives for Greco‐Roman Egypt
  4. FURTHER READING
2. CHAPTER THRITY-SIX: Egypt's Specificity and Impact on Hellenistic History
  1. FURTHER READING
3. CHAPTER THRITY-SEVEN: Egypt's Specificity and Impact on Roman History
  1. FURTHER READING
4. CHAPTER THRITY-EIGHT: New Testament Studies
  1. 38.1 Papyri of the New Testament
  2. 38.2 Other Early Christian Books
  3. 38.3 Papyri in the Practice of the Exegesis of the New Testament
  4. 38.4 Papyri and Early Christian Book‐ and Letter‐Writing
  5. FURTHER READING
5. CHAPTER THRITY-NINE: New Voices and New Challenges
  1. 39.1 From Digital Hilfsmittel to Digital Scholarship
  2. 39.2 Giving Credit Where Credit is Due
  3. 39.3 Research at the Center
  4. 39.4 Putting Your Money Where Your Projects Are
  5. 39.5 Engaging the Next Generation
Digital Resources and Bibliography
1. Digital Resources
2. Bibliography
Index
End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1
1. Table 1.1 Geographical spread of the documentation in the Mediterranean world...
Chapter 7
1. Table 7.1 The main Ptolemaic officials.
Chapter 8
1. Table 8.1 The main officials in Roman Egypt (c. 30 BC – c. AD 284).
2. Table 8.2 The provinces of Late Antique Egypt (after Palme 2007, fig. 12.1). ...
3. Table 8.3 The main officials in Late Antique Egypt (c. AD 306–400).
Chapter 11
1. Table 11.1 Army organization in Ptolemaic Egypt.
2. Table 11.2 Troop strength in Roman and Late Antique Egypt.
Chapter 12
1. Table 12.1 Legal Documents of the chora (white background: Ptolemaic, light g...
Chapter 13
1. Table 13.1 Survey of transactions in relation to four plots of land in the pl...
Chapter 14
1. Table 14.1 Ptolemaic coinage.
Chapter 15
1. Table 15.1 Agricultural calendar.
Chapter 25
1. Table 25.1 Dioskoros' Greek–Coptic glossary: an extract.
Chapter 26
1. Table 26.1 Selection of Egyptian priestly titles in Greek and Demotic (mainly...
2. Table 26.2 The interpretatio Graeca: some examples.
Chapter 29
1. Table 29.1 An expanding Egyptian Church.
2. Table 29.2 An expanding monastic movement.
Chapter 35
1. Table 35.1 Index of quality of life for Greco‐Roman Egypt.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1
1. Figure 1.1 Daily record of lamp oil for the retinue of the minister of financ...
2. Figure 1.2 Mummy label in Egyptian Demotic having the shape of a stele. Accor...
Chapter 3
1. Figure 3.1 Portraits of dignitaries on clay seal impressions, identified as P...
Chapter 4
1. Figure 4.1 Signature of Cleopatra? The agreement attributing privileges to Q....
2. Figure 4.2 Allegorical mosaic of Rome and its main provinces in a luxurious r...
Chapter 5
1. Figure 5.1 The mountain at Naqlun, where monks dwelled in caves from the fift...
Chapter 11
1. Figure 11.1 Ptolemaic infantry units.
Chapter 13
1. Figure 13.1 The family of Tefhape from Lykopolis.
2. Figure 13.2 The family of Peteharsemtheus from Pathyris.
3. Figure 13.3 The family of Tryphon from Oxyrhynchos.
4. Figure 13.4 The family of M. Lucretius Diogenes from Philadelpheia.
Chapter 14
1. Figure 14.1 Silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy I, Alexandria, 305–285 BC, Ptolemy/...
2. Figure 14.2a Bronze drachm(?) of Ptolemy II, Alexandria, 285–246 BC, Ammon Ze...
3. Figure 14.2b Post‐reform bronze coin of Ptolemy V, Alexandria, 205–180 BC, Is...
4. Figure 14.3a Billon tetradrachm of Tiberius, Alexandria, AD 20–21, Tiberius/d...
5. Figure 14.3b Bronze nummus issued by Maximian, Trier, AD 296/7, Diocletian/ge...
Chapter 15
1. Figure 15.1 A shaduf.
2. Figure 15.2 Map of ancient quarry sites.
3. Figure 15.3 “Diocletian's Pillar” (Aswan granite) and sphinx.
4. Figure 15.4 Excavations at Myos Hormos, looking east toward the Red Sea.
Chapter 16
1. Figure 16.1 Accounts of a textile establishment. The cash outlays were carefu...
Chapter 17
1. Figure 17.1 A Picasso avant la lettre. Tapestry wall‐hanging showing a mythol...
2. Figure 17.2 Mons Claudianus. The fortified camp seen from the north.
Chapter 19
1. Figure 19.1 Greek and non‐Greek ancient books: (a) absolute figures; (b) perc...
2. Figure 19.2 Use of the roll, the codex, and the single sheet for Greek texts:...
Chapter 21
1. Figure 21.1 Greek kinship terms used in Egypt.
2. Figure 21.2 The Philosarapis family, from Tebtynis/Antinoopolis.
3. Figure 21.3 An Egyptian family from early Roman Egypt.
Chapter 23
1. Figure 23.1 Polis from Trimithis (Amheida) House B1.
2. Figure 23.2 Plan of House B2, Trimithis (Amheida).
3. Figure 23.3 Tomb of Petosiris, Qaret el‐Muzawwaqa.
Chapter 25
1. Figure 25.1 Plan of “the House of the Cow” district in Thebes.
2. Figure 25.2 Family of Dryton and Apollonia from Pathyris.
Chapter 26
1. Figure 26.1 The Roman‐era temple of Isis at Shenhur. View, from south to nort...
2. Figure 26.2 The “Pax Romana at Dendara.” Horus of Edfu and Sobek of the Fayum...
Chapter 27
1. Figure 27.1 Architrave of the portico from the Hermopolis precinct of Ptolemy...
2. Figure 27.2 Simulated reconstruction (by Jan Köster; see Pfeiffer 2017) of th...
Chapter 28
1. Figure 28.1 The sphinx god Tutu, his mother Neith/Athena, and the griffin of ...
2. Figure 28.2 The Leiden magical papyrus. The verso has four horoscopes, an inc...
Chapter 29
1. Figure 29.1 Order for arrest of the Christian Petosorapis. This is one of the...
2. Figure 29.2 Church of the White Monastery, built in Shenoute's lifetime.
Chapter 30
1. Figure 30.1 Family of Ammon Scholasticus (the dotted lines reflect uncertain ...
Chapter 31
1. Figure 31.1 Development of 11 signs in Hieroglypic, Hieratic, and Demotic Egy...
Chapter 32
1. Figure 32.1 Kom Ombo, Temple of Sobek and Haroeris, Emperors' Corridor with s...
Chapter 33
1. Figure 33.1 Reconstruction of hip‐bathtubs, Taposiris Magna.
2. Figure 33.2 A perfect example of the Greco‐Egyptian bath type, Bouto East. Ge...
3. Figure 33.3 Hypothetical reconstruction of the thermae, Karnak.
4. Figure 33.4 Double Byzantine baths, general view of the central block from th...
Chapter 34
1. Figure 34.1 The Satrap Stele, showing Pharaoh Alexander IV or Satrap Ptolemy ...
2. Figure 34.2 The Gallus Stele, showing Egypt's first Roman prefect in a Hellen...
3. Figure 34.3 Kiosk of Qertassi, composite capital with different vegetal eleme...
4. Figure 34.4 Faience wine‐jug or oinochoe, showing Arsinoe II.
5. Figure 34.5 Relief from San el‐Hagar (Tanis), showing Ptolemy II Philadelphus...
Chapter 35
1. Figure 35.1 The taxonomy of quality of life, as described by Veenhoven (2000)...

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A Companion to Greco‐Roman and Late Antique Egypt
Edited by Katelijn Vandorpe

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Vandorpe, Katelijn, editor.
Title: A companion to Greco-Roman and late antique Egypt / edited by Katelijn Vandorpe.
Description: 1st edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. | Series: Blackwell companions to the ancient world |
Identifiers: LCCN 2019003177 (print) | LCCN 2019005586 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118428450 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118428405 (ePub) | ISBN 9781118428474 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Egypt–History–332-30 B.C. | Egypt–Civilization–332 B.C.-638 A.D.
Classification: LCC DT92 (ebook) | LCC DT92 .C66 2019 (print) | DDC 932/.02–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019003177

Cover image: Courtesy Landesmuseum Württemberg, Hendrik Zwietasch
Cover design: Wiley

Illustrations and Tables

Maps
1	Greco‐Roman and Late Antique Egypt
2	The Fayum
Figures
1.1	Daily record of lamp oil for the retinue of the minister of finances
1.2	Mummy label in Egyptian Demotic having the shape of a stele
3.1	Portraits of dignitaries on clay seal impressions, identified as Ptolemy VI and VIII, Cleopatra VII and Caesar
4.1	Signature of Cleopatra?
4.2	Allegorical mosaic of Rome and its main provinces in a luxurious residence at Thysdrus in Roman Africa
5.1	The mountain at Naqlun
11.1	Ptolemaic infantry units
13.1	The family of Tefhape from Lykopolis
13.2	The family of Peteharsemtheus from Pathyris
13.3	The family of Tryphon from Oxyrhynchos
13.4	The family of M. Lucretius Diogenes from Philadelpheia
14.1	Silver tetradrachm of Ptolemy I
14.2a,b	Bronze drachm(?) of Ptolemy II and post‐reform bronzecoin of Ptolemy V
14.3a,b	Billon tetradrachm of Tiberius and bronze nummus issuedby Maximian
15.1	A shaduf
15.2	Map of ancient quarry sites
15.3	Diocletian’s Pillar” (Aswan Granite) and sphinx
15.4	Excavations at Myos Hormos24616.1Accounts of a textile establishment
17.1	A Picasso avant la lettre. Tapestry wall‐hanging showing a mythological scene with Greeks warriors and Amazones on horseback
17.2	Mons Claudianus. The fortified camp seen from the north
19.1	Greek and non‐Greek ancient books
19.2	Use of the roll, the codex, and the single sheet for Greek texts
21.1	Greek kinship terms used in Egypt
21.2	The Philosarapis family from Tebtynis/Antinoopolis
21.3	An Egyptian family from Early Roman Egypt
23.1	Polis from Trimithis (Amheida) House B1
23.2	Plan of House B2, Trimithis (Amheida)
23.3	Tomb of Petosiris, Qaret el‐Muzawwaqa
25.1	Plan of “the House of the Cow” district in Thebes
25.2	Family of Dryton and Apollonia from Pathyris
26.1	The Roman‐era temple of Isis at Shenhur
26.2	The “Pax Romana at Dendara”
27.1	Architrave of the portico from the Hermopolis precinct of Ptolemy III
27.2	Simulated reconstruction of the emperor cult temple in front of the first pylon of the Amun precinct of Karnak.
28.1	The sphinx god Tutu, his mother Neith/Athena and the griffin of Petbe/Nemesis
28.2	The Leiden magical papyrus
29.1	Order for arrest of the Christian Petosorapis
29.2	Church of the White Monastery, built in Shenoute’s lifetime
30.1	Family of Ammon Scholasticus
31.1	Development of 11 signs in Hieroglypic, Hieratic and Demotic Egyptian
32.1	Kom Ombo, Temple of Sobek and Haroeris, Emperors’ corridor with scene of surgical instruments aiding the healing of the mythical eye of Horus
33.1	Reconstruction of hip‐bathtubs, Taposiris Magna
33.2	A perfect example of the Greco‐Egyptian bath type, Bouto East
33.3	Hypothetical reconstruction of the thermae, Karnak
33.4	Double Byzantine baths, general view of the central block from the west, Marea
34.1	The Satrap Stele, showing Pharaoh Alexander IV or Satrap Ptolemy offering to Harendotes and Wadjet
34.2	The Gallus Stele, showing Egypt’s first Roman prefect in a Hellenistic pose
34.3	Kiosk of Qertassi, composite capital with different vegetal elements
34.4	Faience wine‐jug or oinochoe, showing Arsinoe II
34.5	Relief from San el‐Hagar (Tanis), showing Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe II Philadelphus
35.1	The taxonomy of quality of life, as described by Veenhoven
Tables and Information Boxes
1.1	Geographical spread of the documentation in the Mediterranean world
3.1	Ptolemaic Royals, Olympic and Other Greek Games
6.1	Wandering” Orators and Poets in Late Antique Egypt
7.1	The main Ptolemaic officials.
8.1	The main officials in Roman Egypt (c. 30 BC – c. AD 284)
8.2	The provinces of Late Antique Egypt (after Palme 2007: fig. 12.1)
8.3	The main officials in Late Antique Egypt (c. AD 306 – 400)
10.1	“State monopolies”
11.1	Army organization in Ptolemaic Egypt
11.2	Troop strength in Roman and Late Antique Egypt
12.1	Legal Documents of the chora
13.1	Survey of transactions in relation to four plots of land in the plain of Pathyris
13.2	Bronze military diplomas for fleet and auxiliary soldiers
14.1	Ptolemaic coinage
15.1	Agricultural calendar
17.1	Textiles and Textile Archaeology
19.1	“Coptic”: A Terminological Muddle
20.1	The Jewish Revolt of AD 116–117 and the Nome Governor Apollonios
25.1	Dioskoros’ Greek‐Coptic glossary: an extract
25.2	From Halaham to alphabetical order
26.1	Selection of Egyptian priestly titles in Greek and Demotic
26.2	The interpretatio Graeca. Some examples
29.1	An expanding Egyptian Church
29.2	An expanding monastic movement
31.1	“I Will Tattoo on Your Head...”. New Ancient Books
35.1	Index of quality of life for Greco‐Roman Egypt