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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Calhoun, Craig J., 1952- editor. | Gerteis, Joseph, 1970- editor. | Moody, James W., editor. | Pfaff, Steven, 1970- editor. | Virk, Indermohan, editor. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.
Title: Classical sociological theory / edited by Craig Calhoun, Joseph Gerteis, James Moody, Steven Pfaff, Indermohan Virk.
Description: Fourth edition. | Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2022. | ncludes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021055635 (print) | LCCN 2021055636 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119527244 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119527275 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119527237 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Sociology--History--20th century. | Sociology--Philosophy.
Classification: LCC HM447 .C66 2022 (print) | LCC HM447 (ebook) | DDC 301.01--dc23/eng/20211207
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021055635
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021055636
Cover Images: © The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation, Seattle/Artists Rights Society (ARS),
New York and DACS, London 2021.
Cover Design by Wiley
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Craig Calhoun is University Professor of Social Sciences at Arizona State University. He was previously Director of the London School of Economics, President of the Social Science Research Council, and a professor of sociology at NYU, Columbia, and UNC Chapel Hill. Calhoun’s newest book is Degenerations of Democracy (Harvard 2022) with Dilip Gaonkar and Charles Taylor.
Joseph Gerteis is Professor of Sociology and Co-Principal Investigator of the American Mosaic Project at the University of Minnesota. He is author of Class and the Color Line (Duke University Press). His work explores issues of race and ethnicity, social boundaries and identities, and political culture. It has appeared in The Sociological Quarterly, Sociological Forum, American Sociological Review, Social Problems, and elsewhere.
James Moody is Professor of Sociology at Duke University and Director of the Duke Network Analysis Center. He has published extensively in the field of social networks, methods, and social theory with over 70 peer reviewed publications. His work focuses theoretically on the network foundations of social cohesion and diffusion, with a particular emphasis on building tools and methods for understanding dynamic social networks. He has used network models to help understand organizational performance, school racial segregation, adolescent health, disease spread, economic development, and the development of scientific disciplines.
Steven Pfaff is Professor of Sociology at the University of Washington. He is the author of Exit-Voice Dynamics and the Collapse of East Germany (Duke, 2006) and, with Mimi Goldman, The Spiritual Virtuoso (Bloomsbury, 200717), and with Michael Hechter, The Genesis of Rebellion (Cambridge, 2020). He has been awarded the Social Science History Association’s President’s Award and the best book award from the European Academy of Sociology.
Indermohan Virk is the Executive Director of the Patten Foundation and the Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University Bloomington, and she works in the Office of the Vice Provost for Faculty and Academic Affairs. She was previously a lecturer in the Department of Sociology at Indiana University.
The editors and publisher gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the copyright material in this book.
Chapter 1
Erving Goffman, pp. 17–25 from The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday, 1959. © 1959 Erving Goffman. Reproduced with permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc. and Penguin Books, UK.
Chapter 2
Herbert Blumer, pp. 46–8, 50–2, 78–89 from Symbolic Interactionism: Perspective and Method, 1st edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Reproduced with permission of Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Chapter 3
Randall Collins, pp. 3–4, 5, 15, 42–5, 47–54, 55–61, 62–3, 81–3, 87 from Interaction Ritual Chains. Princeton University Press, 2004. © 2004 Princeton University Press. Reproduced with permission of Princeton University Press.
Chapter 4
Michael Hechter, “A Theory of Group Solidarity,” pp. 40–54 from Principles of Group Solidarity. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1987. Reproduced with permission of University of California Press.
Chapter 5
James S. Coleman, “Metatheory” from Foundations of Social Theory. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1990. © 1990 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reproduced with permission of Harvard University Press.
Chapter 6
Harrison White, “Catnets,” from “Notes on the Constituents of Social Structure,” unpublished manuscript, 1966. Reproduced with permission of Prof. Peter S. Bearman.
Chapter 7
Anthony Giddens, “Some New Rules of Sociological Method,” pp. 155–162 from New Rules of Sociological Method: A Positive Critique of Interpretive Sociologies. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993. Reproduced with permission of Polity Press and Stanford University Press.
Chapter 8
Mark Granovetter, “Economic Embeddedness,” pp. 481–2, 482–8, 488–9, 490–2, 492–3, 508–10 from “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness,” American Journal of Sociology 91: 3 (November 1985). © 1985 American Journal of Sociology. Reproduced with permission of University of Chicago Press.
Chapter 9
Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter W. Powell, “The Iron Cage Revisited,” pp. 147–60 from “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” American Sociological Review 48: 2 (1983). © 1983 American Sociological Review. Reproduced with permission of the author and the American Sociological Association.
Chapter 10
C. Wright Mills, pp. 3–4, 6, 7–11, 287–9, 296 from The Power Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956. © 1956 Oxford University Press Inc. Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
Chapter 11
Charles Tilly, pp. 6–10, 81–91, 95–99 from Durable Inequality. University of California Press, 1998. Reproduced with permission of University of California Press.
Chapter 12
Steven Lukes, pp. 16–17, 19–21, 25–30, 34–8, 58–9 from Power: A Radical View, 2nd edition. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan.
Chapter 13
Michael Mann, “Societies as Organized Power Networks,” pp. 1–11, 22–28, 32 from The Sources of Social Power, Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 1986. Reproduced with permission of Cambridge University Press.
Chapter 14
Michel Foucault, pp. 135–50 from The History of Sexuality, Vol. I, translated from French by Robert Hurley. English translation © 1978 Penguin Random House LLC. Reproduced with permission of Pantheon Books, an imprint of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC.
Chapter 15
Michel Foucault, “Panopticism,” pp. 200–2, 215–16, 218–24 from Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, translated from French by Alan Sheridan. English translation © 1978 Alan Sheridan. Reproduced with permission of Pantheon Books (an imprint of the Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, a division of Penguin Random House LLC) and Penguin Books Ltd.
Chapter 16
Pierre Bourdieu, pp. 627–38 from “Social Space and Symbolic Space: Introduction to a Japanese Reading of Distinction,” Poetics Today 12: 4 (1991). © 1991 The Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics, Tel Aviv University. Reproduced with permission of Duke University Press.
Chapter 17
Pierre Bourdieu, “Structures, Habitus, Practice,” from The Logic of Practice. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990. English translation © 1990 Polity Press. Originally published in French as Le Sens Pratique by Les Éditions des Minuit. Original French text © 1980 Les Éditions des Minuit. Reproduced with permission of Polity Press, Stanford University Press and Les Editions de Minuit S.A.
Chapter 18
Pierre Bourdieu, pp. 312–13, 315–16, 319–26, 341–6, 349–50, 353–6 from “The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic World Reversed,” Poetics 12: 4–5 (1983). Reproduced with permission of Elsevier.
Chapter 19
Pierre Bourdieu, pp. 1–5, 12–18 from “Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field,” translated by Loïc J. D. Wacquant and Samar Farage. Sociological Theory 12: 1 (March 1994). Reproduced with permission of the author and American Sociological Association.
Chapter 20
Michael Omi and Howard Winant, “The Theory of Racial Formation,” pp. 105–112, 124–130 from Racial Formation in the United States, 3rd edition. Routledge, 2015. Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis Group.
Chapter 21
Aldon Morris, “Intellectual Schools and the Atlanta School,” pp. 174–189, 192–194 from The Scholar Denied: W. E. B. Du Bois and the Birth of Modern Sociology. University of California Press, 2015. Reproduced with permission of University of California Press.
Chapter 22
Orlando Patterson, “The Paradoxes of Integration,” pp. 15–6, 64–6, 68–74, 76–7 from The Ordeal of Integration: Progress and Resentment in America’s “Racial” Crisis. Reproduced with permission of Civitas Books, an imprint of Hachette Book Group, Inc.
Chapter 23
Dorothy E. Smith, pp. 12–19, 21–7 from The Conceptual Practices of Power: A Feminist Sociology of Knowledge. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press, 1990. © 1990 Dorothy E. Smith. Reproduced with permission of Dorothy E. Smith.
Chapter 24
Patricia Hill Collins, “Black Feminist Epistemology,” pp. 251–6, 266–71 from Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, 2nd edn. New York: Routledge, 2000. Reproduced with permission of Taylor & Francis Group.
Chapter 25
Kimberlé Crenshaw, pp. 139–140, 150–152, 154–60 from “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,” University of Chicago Legal Forum 1 (1989), Article 8.
Chapter 26
Hae Yeon Choo and Myra Marx Ferree, “Practicing Intersectionality in Sociological Research,” pp. 129, 131–6, 146–7 from Sociological Theory 28: 2 (2010). Reproduced with permission of the author and American Sociological Association.
Chapter 27
Rocio R. Garcia, “The Politics of Erased Migrations: Expanding a Relational, Intersectional Sociology of Latinx Gender and Migration,” pp. 4–6, 8, 14–17 from Sociology Compass 12: 4, e12571 (2018). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
Chapter 28
Jürgen Habermas, “Modernity: An Unfinished Project,” pp. 39–40, 42–6, 53–5 from Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity, edited by Maurizio Passerin d’Entrèves and Seyla Benhabib. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996. Reproduced with permission of The Polity Press and Surkamp Verlag.
Chapter 29
Jürgen Habermas, “The Rationalization of the Lifeworld,” pp. 119–26, 136–45, 147–8, 150–2 from The Theory of Communicative Action, Vol. 2: Lifeworld and System. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. English translation © 1987 Beacon Press. Originally published as Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns, Band 2: Zur Kritikder funktionalistischen Vernunft (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1981). Reproduced with permission of Beacon Press.
Chapter 30
Jürgen Habermas, “Civil Society and the Political Public Sphere” from Between Facts and Norms, Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy, translated by William Rehg,” pp. 331–333, 360, 362–364, 365–367, 368–370, 371, 372, 373–374, 378–379, 381–382, 385–387. © 1996 MIT Press. Reproduced with permission of MIT Press and Polity Press.
Chapter 31
Norbert Elias, “The Social Constraint towards Self-Constraint,” pp. 443–8, 450–6 from The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners and State Formation and Civilization. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1978. Originally translated by Edmund Jephcott. © 1978 Norbert Elias. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons.
Chapter 32
Bruno Latour, pp. 130–45 from We Have Never Been Modern, translated by Catherine Porter. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993. English translation © 1993 Harvester Wheatsheaf and the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reproduced with permission of Harvard University Press.
Chapter 33
Jeffrey C. Alexander, pp. 3–9, 53–62, 64–67 from The Civil Sphere. Oxford University Press, 2006. Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.
Chapter 34
Michele Lamont, “Addressing Recognition Gaps: Destigmatization and the Reduction of Inequality,” pp. 420–436 from American Sociological Review 83: 3. Reproduced with permission of the author and American Sociological Association.
Chapter 35
Immanuel Wallerstein, “The Modern World-System in Crisis,” pp. 76–90 from World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. Reproduced with permission of Duke University Press.
Chapter 36
Peggy Levitt and Nina Glick Schiller, “Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society,” pp. 1002–1039 from International Migration Review 38: 3 (2004). Reproduced with permission of Sage Publications.
Chapter 37
Craig J. Calhoun, pp. 1, 3–7, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 66, 92–93, 94, 99, 103, 123, 125–126 from Nationalism. Open University Press, 1997. Reproduced with permission of McGraw-Hill Education (UK) Ltd.
Chapter 38
Michael Mann, “The End May Be Nigh, But For Whom?” pp. 71–76, 83–97 from Immanuel Wallerstein, Randall Collins, Michael Mann, Georgi Derluguian, Craig Calhoun, Does Capitalism Have a Future? Oxford University Press, 2013. Reproduced with permission of Oxford University Press.