- a
- Aaldehyde oxidases 27
- δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase 253
- 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase 161
- 4-aminobutanal, 3-aminopropyl-4-aminobutanal,1,3-diaminopropane 218
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)/1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase (ACO)/ACC synthase (ACS) 235
- 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACC oxidase) 190
- ab initio ABA signal 130
- ABA 11, 12, 16, 33, 48, 67, 103, 130, 156, 205, 221, 224, 231, 238
- ABA and NO 28
- ABA biosynthesis (aba1-1) and ABA signaling (aba I-1) 188
- ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) 237
- ABA receptors AtPYL4 and AtPYL5 50
- ABA signaling 187
- ABA-mediated signaling network 181
- ABI5 236
- Abscisic acid (ABA) 42, 47, 149, 180, 201, 230
- Abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure 4
- ACC oxidase (ACO) 161
- Aconitase 4, 100
- ADC 223
- Adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases 120
- Agricultural farm 95
- Agropyron cristatum 157
- Aldehyde oxidases (AOs) 61
- Alkaloids 148
- ALMT (ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTERS) 60
- ALO 153
- Aloe vera 60
- Alternative oxidase (AOX) 190
- Amine oxidases 218
- Ammonium 78
- Anaerobiosis 130
- Anammox 99
- Anoxic 2
- Antioxidant defense 153, 181, 184
- Antioxidant enzymes 67
- Antioxidant metabolites 35
- Apoplast 3
- Apoptosis 153
- APX genes 150
- Aquaporins 120, 220
- Arabidopsis 4, 8, 43
- Arabidopsis thaliana 2, 28, 79, 80, 181
- Arabidopsis thaliana apx3 151
- Arginine decarboxylase 189, 190, 222
- Arginine decarboxylase pathway (ADC pathway) 218
- Artemisia aucheri 157
- AsA/DHA 153
- AsA-GSH cycle 149, 156
- Ascorbate (AsA) 99, 148
- Ascorbate peroxidase 4
- Ascorbate–Glutathione cycle 36, 148
- Ascorbate–GSH cycle 128
- Ascorbic acid–glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway 66
- AtGSNOR1 84
- AtMC9 5
- AtNOS1 28, 59
- ATP synthesis 210
- ATP-binding cassette transporter B-type (ABCB) proteins 232
- ATP-sulfurylase 51
- AUX receptor protein (TIR1) 159
- AUX/IAA 159, 232
- AUX/IAA and the S-nitrosylation of TIR1 186
- AUX1 and PIN1 234
- AUX-dependent root responses 159
- Auxin efflux PIN-formed (PINs) influx carrier proteins 232
- Auxin transport protein PIN1 233
- Auxin1/Like-AUX1 (AUX1/LAX) 232
- Auxins (AUXs) 149, 180
- Auxins 42, 46, 201, 230
- AUX-responsive proteins 149
- b
- Blumeria graminis 6
- Botrytis elliptica 6
- BR INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2) kinase 238
- Bradyrhizobium 108
- Brassica juncea 67
- Brassica napus 80
- Brassica pekinensis 157
- Brassica rapa 151
- BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 238
- Brassinosteroids (BRs) 149, 156, 180
- Brassinosteroids 9, 13, 201, 230
- BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE (BRI1-BAK1) 238
- BR-induced alternative respiratory pathways 163
- c
- C/N balance 211
- C/N ratio 210
- Ca2+/calmodulin 278
- Ca2+-calmodulin/NADPH 28
- cADPR 49
- Calcium/calmodulin system 161
- Calcium-dependent protein kinase 12
- Calvin cycle 130
- Capsicum annuum 157
- Carbon dioxide incorporation 249
- Carbonic anhydrase 51, 253
- Carotenoids 148
- Catalase 4
- Catalase-deficient 8
- 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide 49, 63, 132, 232
- 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-diphenyleneiodonium 7
- CBF/DREB TFs 133
- CDPK-induced ABA response 182
- Cell cycle 87
- Cell death 42
- Cell differentiation 101
- Cell differentiation, elongation and division 231
- Cell division 101, 163, 183
- Cell elongation 163
- Cell lignification 105
- Cell plasmolysis 220
- Cell wall 101
- Cell wall relaxation 34
- Cellular gene expression 96
- Cellular respiration 204
- cGMP/cADPR 181
- Chain breaker 36
- Chalcone synthase 11
- Chemo-denitrification 99
- Chitosan nanoparticles 102
- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 60
- Chlorella sorokiniana 2
- Chlorella vulgaris 213
- Chlorophyll pigment 34
- Chloroplasts 120, 150
- Chlorotic mottle virus 9
- Citrulline 100
- Cold-induced MfSAMS1 gene 189
- Compartmentalization 64
- Complex III and IV 43
- COPPER AMINE OXIDASE1 221
- Copper-containing diamine oxidases (CuAOs) 217
- c-PTIO 66
- Crop phenology 83
- Crosslinking agents 101
- Cryptography 15
- Cu toxicity 224
- Cucumis sativus 60
- cue1/nox1 233
- CycB1;1pro:GUS 233
- Cyclic adenosine 5′-diphosphate ribose (cADPR) 181
- Cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) 254
- Cyclic GMP 102
- Cyclic guanosine monophosphate 2, 44, 161, 179, 209, 254
- Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels 30
- Cyclic nucleotides 179, 205
- CYCLIN-D3;1 (CYCD3;1) cell cycle 47
- CYP707A2 183, 237
- Cys S-nitrosylation 44
- Cysteinyl residue 125
- Cytochemical methods 6
- Cytochrome 8
- Cytokinin-induced programmed cell death 4
- Cytokinins (CKs) 149, 180
- Cytokinins 42, 47, 64, 201, 211
- Cytosolic guanylate cyclase domain 30
- Cytotoxic effects 118
- Cytotoxicity 221, 248
- d
- D53 repressor protein 164
- Defense responses 213
- Deglutathionylation 125
- Dehydration-responsive element binding-1 133
- Dehydroascorbic acid 122
- DELLA 12, 47, 65, 162, 184
- DELLA repressor accumulation 182
- Dendrobium huoshanense 130
- Detoxification of xenobiotics 153
- D-galacturonic acid 152
- Diamine oxidase 189, 218
- Differentiation 183
- Diffusion of carbon dioxide 202
- Dinitrosyl–iron 118
- Diphenyleneiodonium 7
- 5, 6-diaminofluorescein diacetate 6, 67
- Dissimilatory nitrate reduction 99
- DNA damage 12
- DNA fragmentation 248
- DNA methylation 103
- Double mono-oxygenation 203
- DREB1 and DREB2 15
- DREB1A/CBF3 49
- Dystermia 132
- e
- Electron transport chain 96, 107
- Electron transport system 97, 109
- Endothelium-derived reposeful factor 2, 3
- eNOS 97
- Environmental biotic and abiotic stress responses 96
- Environmental modifications 95
- Enzyme deactivation 188
- EREBPs 15
- Ethylene 42, 149, 180, 201, 211, 248
- Ethylene response factors of group VII 236
- Evaporation 103
- f
- FADH 97
- Fagur sylvatica 185
- Fat-soluble gaseous radical 26
- Ferric-chelate enzyme 12
- Fertilization 218
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) 202, 203
- Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing polyamine oxidases (PAOs) 217
- Flavin mononucleotide 28
- Flavin monooxygenases 232
- Flavine mononucleotide 203
- Flavonoids 148
- FLOOZY (FZY) 232
- Florescent dyes 67
- Flowering 87
- FMN 97
- Food security 86
- Fructans 35
- Fructose -1,6-bisphosphatase 208
- Fructose 35
- Fruit ripening 161
- Fruit ripening 87
- Fusarium oxysporum 64
- g
- GA biosynthesis and perception/Transduction 181
- GA3ox1 47
- GA3ox2 47
- Gamma -aminobutyric acid 190
- Gas synthase-like activities (NOS) 2
- Genomic reprogramming 105
- ɤ-glutamyltranspeptidase 153
- Gibberellic acid (GA) 156
- Gibberellins 42, 47, 149, 180, 201
- Glucose 35
- Glutamate decarboxylase 189
- Glutamate oxyglutarate aminotransferase 204
- Glutamine synthetase 82
- Glutathione 28, 148, 221, 230
- Glutathione-S-transferase 152, 212
- Glycine betaine 35, 51
- Gossypium hirsutum 185
- Gravitropism 162
- GS/GOGAT 61
- GSH/GSSG ratio 127
- GSNO reductase 103, 123
- GSNOR 123
- GSNOR activity 232
- GSSG 153
- Guanosine-5′-triphosphate 28
- h
- H+-ATPase 63, 67, 68, 100, 185
- H+-ATPase genes 185
- H+-PPase and H+-ATPase 64
- Harber Weiss and Fenton reactions 34
- HATS 82
- Heavy metal 52
- Helianthus annuus 60
- Heme 202
- Heme/flavine adenine dinucleotide 27
- Hemicellulose 68
- Hibiscus moschetuos 52, 68
- High-affinity transport (HAT) 60
- high-affinity transport system 81
- HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN 1 47
- Homeostasis of ROS 220
- Homologous recombination (HR) inhibition 5
- Hordeum vulgare 80, 150
- Hormonal signaling 156
- Host protein 105
- HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, and HSP40 families 65
- HvNiR1, HvGS2, and HvGLU2 69
- Hydrogen sulphide 128
- Hydroxylamine 82
- Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase 100
- Hypersensitive mechanisms 30
- Hypersensitization 5
- Hypocotyl elongation 218
- Hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase 5
- Hypoxic 98
- i
- Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) 156, 231, 207, 232
- Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase 187
- Indole-3-acetic acid inducible1 (IAA1) 233
- Indole-3-acetic acid inducible5 (IAA5) 233
- INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID17 (IAA17)/AUXIN RESISTANT3 (AXR3) 185
- Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) 205
- Ion balance 220
- Ion homeostasis 184
- Iron-regulated transporter 1 (IRT1) 187
- IRT1 transporter gene 187
- Isochorismate synthase1 (ICS1) 258
- j
- Jasmonates 13, 149
- Jasmonic acid 42, 180, 248
- k
- K+ channels 161
- K+/Na+ 36, 51
- Kalanchoe pinnata 45
- l
- L- arginine 3, 28, 43, 82, 105, 203
- Lateral root formation 99
- Lateral rootless1 mutant 232
- L-citrulline 28, 203
- Leaf senescence 12, 96, 161, 164, 183, 202
- L-galactose 152
- L-gulose 152
- Lipid peroxidation 34, 50, 188
- Lipoxygenase 100, 163
- L-NAME 66
- Low-affinity transport system 81
- Low-nitrogen tolerance 69
- Lupinus albus 108
- Lycopersicum esculentum 150
- m
- Macromolecular damage 188
- Malaxis monophyllos 60
- Malondialdehyde 50, 102
- MAPKs 162
- Medicago truncatula 46, 108
- Melatonin 8
- Membrane-associated nitrite – NO reductase (Ni-NOR) 27
- Metacaspases 5
- Metal ion exchangers 101
- Metal nitrosylation 231
- Metallochaperones 34
- Metalloenzyme 250
- Metalloproteins 63
- Methionine adenosyltransferase 161, 187
- Methyl jasmonate 156
- Methylation 209
- Methylene blue 29
- Methylglyoxal 153
- Micro-aerobiosis 130
- Mitochondria 3, 150
- Mitochondrial complex IV and complex III 131
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain 130
- Mitochondrial membrane 43
- Mitochondrial NO synthesis 2
- Mitochondrial NR 82
- Mitochondrial respiration 213
- Mitogen activated protein kinase 3, 8, 102, 130, 159, 185
- Molybdopterin 202
- Monodehydroascorbate reductase 148
- Myoinositol 152
- n
- N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME] 63–64
- N2 metabolism 81
- N2 uptake, assimilation, translocation, recycling, and remobilization 79
- N2 uptake, transportation, and remobilization 81
- Na+ elimination and K+ absorption 36
- Na+/H+ 67
- NAD(P)H 27, 61, 101, 157
- NAD(P)H dehydrogenase 123
- NAD(P)H-dependent NO production 2
- NADH 219
- NADP malic enzyme 208
- NADPH 28, 97, 182, 248
- NADPH oxidase 33, 125, 129, 131
- NADPH-dependent oxidation 60
- NAR1 60
- NCED 153
- NCED2 and NCED9 185
- Neurotransmission 2
- NG-Monomethyl-L-Arginine 108
- NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) 43
- NH4+ 87
- nia1/nia2 249
- Nicotiana benthamiana 9, 163
- Nicotiana plumbaginifolia 80
- Nicotiana tabacum 52
- NiNOR Pathway 98
- Nitraria tangutorum 157
- Nitraria tangutorum 35
- Nitrate 2
- Nitrate reductase 26, 27, 43, 82, 107, 121, 180, 202, 230, 234, 249
- Nitrate reductase1 (NIA1)-dependent pathway 239
- Nitrate-induced root elongation 164
- Nitration 209
- Nitric oxide dioxygenase 6
- Nitric oxide free radical 1
- Nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity 182
- Nitric oxide synthase 27, 59, 122, 203, 230, 234
- Nitrite 105
- Nitrite reductase 81, 219
- Nitrite reduction 43
- Nitro-fatty acids 65, 127
- Nitrogen 78, 83
- Nitrogen monoxide 1, 26
- Nitrogen remobilization efficiency 79
- Nitrogen use efficiency 78, 79
- Nitro-linolenic acid 65
- Nitrosation 1
- Nitrosoglutathione 7
- Nitrosoglutathione reductase 125
- Nitrosomonas 99
- Nitrosonium 1
- Nitrosothiols 124, 155
- Nitrosylation 127, 209
- Nitrous acid 28
- Nitrous anhydride 123
- Nitroxyl ion 1
- Nitroxyl radical 250
- nNOS 97
- NO 48
- NO ASSOCIATED 1 mutant (atnoa1) 238
- NO biosynthesis 105
- NO scavenger 29, 132
- NO scavengers/NOS inhibitors 162
- NO signaling 16
- NO synthase 1 232
- NO synthase 43, 209, 249
- NO synthase-like activities 163
- NO2-dependent NO reductase 122
- NO3− 87
- NO3− signaling 85
- NO3− transporters 81
- NO–ABA interactions 13
- Nodule functioning 213
- NOHA 99
- Nonenzymatic antioxidants 34
- NON-EXPRESSER OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 48, 255
- NO-producing enzymes 101
- NOS Enzyme 97
- NOS family 28
- NOS-like 122, 222
- NOS-like activity 97
- NOS-like Enzymes 98
- NOS-like Enzymes and XOR-Mediated Pathway 98
- NOS-type protein activity 11
- Noxious 26
- NPR1 48, 101
- NPR1, NPR3 and NPR4 28
- NR Pathway 98
- NR-dependent NO production 43
- NRT1 82
- NRT1/NPF 60
- NRT1/PTR/NPF (NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER/NITRATE PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER family) 60
- NRT2 60, 61, 82
- NRT2/NNP (NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2/NITRATE NITRITE PORTER), CLC (CHLORIDE CHANNELS) 60
- NTR proteins 154
- NTR-TRX system (NTS) 154
- NUE 82, 84, 85, 86, 253
- Nutritional sustainability 95
- o
- Octopine synthase element-like sequences (OCSEs) 255
- ODC 223
- Op-IAP 5
- Organogenesis 96
- Ornithine decarboxylase 189
- Oryza sativa 12, 65, 80
- OsAMT1 69
- Osanthranilate synthase alpha subunit2 240
- Osmolyte 51
- Osmolytes 35, 64
- Osmoprotectants 184, 220
- Osmotic pressure 35
- Osmotic stress 64
- OsNRT2 69
- OsPTR9 82
- Ostreococcus tauri 43, 59
- Oxidative damage 188
- Oxidative pathway 26
- Oxidative pathway 97
- Oxidative signal-inducible1 (OXI1) 8
- Oxidized glutathione 107
- p
- P5CS1 133
- P5CS1gene 35
- PA oxidase (PAO) 218
- PA-biosynthesizing arginine decarboxylase 220
- PAL and PR1 15
- Pathogen-induced oxygenase 8
- Pauwlonia tomentosa 3
- PCD 210
- pCYCB1;1::GUS expression 236
- Pectin 68
- Peroxisome 3, 102, 150
- Peroxynitrite 1, 5, 7, 45, 63, 65, 155, 221, 231, 250, 254, 118
- Peroxyredoxine II E 107
- Persulfidation 129
- Phaseolus vulgaris 33
- Phenolic hydroxyl group 46
- Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 212, 239
- 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline1-oxyl-3-oxide 63
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 208
- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-kinase 67
- Phospholipid bilayers 34
- Phosphorylated sphingolipids 67
- Photoassimilate translocation 210
- Photochemical reaction 33
- Photomorphogenesis 163
- Photorespiratory 124
- Photosynthesis 61, 84, 204
- Photosynthetic adaptation to drought stress 180
- Photosynthetic regulation 179
- Phragmites communis 188
- Phytochelatin 129
- Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIF) 162
- Phytoglobins 131
- Phytohormonal signaling 149
- Phytohormonal signals 149
- Phytohormone metabolism 149
- Phytohormone-related proteins 180
- Phytohormones 15, 42, 46, 201
- Phytophthora cryptogea 6
- δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 35
- Phytosulfokine receptor 30
- PIN1, PIN2, and AUX1 genes 235
- PIN-FORMED (PIN) genes 184
- Pipecolic acid 35
- Pisum sativum 2, 155, 181
- Plant growth-promoting microbes 103
- Plant–pathogen interaction 106
- Plasma membrane-associated NO production 82
- Polar auxin transport 234
- Polyamine 12, 82
- Polyamine oxidase (PAO) enzyme 186
- Polyamine oxidase 189
- Polyamines 98, 180, 217
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 49
- Polynucleotides 33
- Posttranslational modifications 42, 63, 82, 154
- PP2C (TYPE 2 C PROTEIN PHOSPHATASES) 236
- ProDH 36, 133
- Proectoine 35
- Programmed cell death 5, 62, 100, 180, 183, 209
- Proline 35, 51
- Proline and glycine betaine 36
- Proline 50
- Protein denaturation 188
- Protein kinase (CDPK)-activated signaling 183
- Protein p35 5
- Protein tyrosine nitration 45, 46
- Pseudomonas 29
- Pseudomonas syringae 5, 105
- PSI and PSII 209
- PSI/PSII core subunit 213
- Pyrabactin resistance1 (PYR1)/PYR1-like (PYL)/regulatory components 236
- Pyrus sinkiangensis 152
- Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase 208
- r
- Raffinose 35
- RAPID ALKANIZATION FACTOR 83
- Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) 5
- Redox equilibrium 95
- Redox homeostasis 148, 219
- Redox regulation 135
- Reduced glutathione 64, 122
- Reductive Pathway 98
- Regulation of cell cycle 153
- Relative water contents 36
- Respiratory burst oxidase homolog D 106
- Respiratory burst oxidase homolog family 120
- Rhizobium and Pseudomonas 103
- Rhizosphere 103
- Rhizosphere 33
- Ribonucleotide reductase 100
- Ribosylation 209
- RNS 11, 42, 62, 66, 109, 118, 119, 155, 179, 209
- RNS and ROS metabolism 4
- Root organogenesis 180
- Root system architecture 233
- Root/shoot development 213
- ROS 34, 42, 66, 95, 103, 104, 107, 109, 118, 119, 125, 148, 152, 156, 179, 209
- ROS scavenging 220
- ROS/RNS 7, 206
- ROS/RNS wave 131
- ROS-dependent signaling 162
- ROS-generated oxidative stress 221
- Roteolytic enzyme inhibitor 5
- Rubisco 68, 208
- Rubisco activase 208
- Rubisco mRNA 213
- s
- SA-BINDING PROTEIN 3 (SABP3) 48
- S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) 222
- S-adenosylmethionine 183, 218
- Salicylates (SAs) 149
- Salicylhydroxamate 121
- Salicylic acid 5, 28, 42, 180, 248
- Salpichroa organifolia 49
- Salt-hypersensitive phenotype 131
- SAMDC 223
- Secondary messengers 44, 202
- Seed germination 96
- Senescence 148
- Senescence and fruit ripening 183
- Signal molecule 95
- Signaling effector molecule 62
- Signaling molecule 36, 43, 44, 100
- Sinorhizobium meliloti 108
- SLAC1/SLAH (SLOW ANION CHANNEL 1/SLOW ANION CHANNEL-ASSOCIATED 1 HOMOLOG 3) 60
- S-nitroacetylpenicillamine (SNAP) 221
- S-nitrosation 62, 124
- S-nitrosoglulathione 28, 44, 62, 101, 107, 123, 128, 230, 231, 254
- S-Nitrosoglutathione reductase 222
- S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine 50
- S-nitrosothiol 44, 231
- S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) 118
- S-nitrosothiols 42, 44, 62, 82, 100, 102, 154, 155, 159, 183, 187, 210, 221, 222, 234
- S-nitrosylation of open stomata 1 (OST1) 187
- Sodium nitroprusside 5
- Solanum lycocarpum 235
- Solanum quitoense 64
- Soluble proteins 35
- Sophora flavescens 163
- Source and sink coordination 207
- Spermidine synthase 189, 218
- Spinacea oleracea 60
- SRG1, TGA1, NPR1 105
- Stellaria 3
- Stomatal closure 220
- Stomatal conductance 202
- Stomatal movement control 1
- Stomatal movements 61
- Stress tolerance 96
- Stress-induced protein kinase 102
- Strigolactones (SLs) 149, 180
- Stylosanthes guianensis 109
- S-type anion channels (SLAC1) 236
- SUE 253
- Sugars 35
- Sulfite oxidases 27, 61
- Sulfonated phytosulfokine 30
- Sulfonium compounds 35
- Sulphide reductase 253
- Superoxide 250
- Synechococcus 97
- Systemic acquired resistance 30
- Systemic acquired resistance 6
- t
- Tetrahydopterin 97
- Tetrahydrobiopterin 203
- TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1 255
- Thellungiella halophila 69
- Thermotolerance 188
- Thioredoxin 125, 154
- Thioredoxins reductase (NTR) 154
- TIR1-AUX/IAAs 233
- TMV resistance 8
- Tobacco mosaic virus 7
- Tocopherol 148
- Total soluble proteins 35,
- Transcription factors 29, 125, 183
- Transnitrosylation processes 154
- Transpiration 103, 179
- Transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1) 186, 187
- TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1 (TIR1) 46
- Trichoderma 259
- Trifolium pratense 235
- Trifolium repens 186
- Triticum aestivum 49, 60, 157
- Tryptophan aminotransferase 231
- Type 2C protein phosphatases 161
- Typha latifolia 224
- Tyrosine ammonia lyase 253
- Tyrosine nitrate 155
- Tyrosine nitration 62, 102, 124, 230, 254
- u
- Ultraviolet Radiation 29, 32
- Ultraviolet-B 80
- UV-B radiation 159, 181
- v
- Vascular differentiation 162
- Vigna unguiculata 187
- Vitamin C 6
- w
- Water storage capacity 103
- Water use efficiency 220
- Wound-inducing genes 11
- WRKYs 15
- x
- Xanthine oxidases 27
- Xanthine oxidoreductase 61
- Xanthineoxidases (XOs) 61
- XOR-Mediated Pathway 98
- Xylem differentiation 163
- Xylogenesis 250
- y
- Yang cycle 161
- YUCCA (YUC) family 232
- z
- Zea mays 60
- Zeatin 156
- Zn finger protein 105